初三英語專題講解 詞匯辨析(二)
【名師講解】
1. be able to/ can
(1) 都能表示能夠,具備干某件事的能力這個(gè)含義,此時(shí)可以互換。
Mr. Green is able to finish the work on time.
= Mr. Green can finish the work on time.
格林先生能夠按時(shí)完成這項(xiàng)工作。
(2) be able to可以用于各種時(shí)態(tài),而can 為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞,多用于現(xiàn)在時(shí),其過去式為could。
We are sure he will be able to be an artist when he grows up.
我們相信他長(zhǎng)大后能夠成為一名畫家。
Miss Lin has been able to pay the car by herself.
林小姐已經(jīng)能夠自己負(fù)擔(dān)那輛車了。
(4) Can除了表示能夠,有能力做某事以外,還有如下用法,而be able to 則沒有。表示請(qǐng)求,但語
氣沒有could委婉
Can I have a look at this picture? 我能看看這張圖片嗎?
Can we leave school after 6:00 p.m. ?我們可以在下午6點(diǎn)之后再離開學(xué)校嗎?
表示可能性。
That man cant be our new teacher. 那人不可能是我們的新老師。
The exam cant be too difficult.考試不會(huì)太難。
2. bring/ take/carry/fetch
(1) bring一般是指拿來,即從別處往說話人這里拿,翻譯成帶來。
He brought us some good news.他給我們帶來了一些好消息。
Please dont forget to bring your homework tomorrow.
明天請(qǐng)別忘了把家庭作業(yè)帶來。
(2) take一般是指從說話人這里往別處拿,翻譯成帶走。
Please take the umbrella with you. Its going to rain.要下雨了,請(qǐng)把傘帶上。
She took the dictionary away.她把字典拿走了。
(3) carry不強(qiáng)調(diào)方向,表示攜帶、背著、運(yùn)送、搬扛等意思。
They carried the boxes into the factory. 他們把箱子搬進(jìn)了工廠。
A taxi carried them to the station. 出租車送他們到了車站
(4) fetch表示的是去取來、去拿來、去叫來等意思,包含去和來兩趟。
The waiter fetched them some apples.侍者為他們?nèi)砹艘恍┨O果。
Mother fetched the doctor for her ill son.媽媽為生病的兒子請(qǐng)來了醫(yī)生。
3. whole/ all
(1) whole強(qiáng)調(diào)一個(gè)完整如一,互不分割的整體。
The whole country is suffering the war. 整個(gè)國家正遭遇戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)。
I just want to know the whole story.我僅僅只想知道完整的故事。
whole在句中的位置是放在所有格,冠詞和指示代詞的之后。
They will spend their whole holiday in Canada.
他們將到加拿大渡過整個(gè)假期。(所有格后)
She has finished writing the whole book. 她已經(jīng)寫完了整本書。(冠詞后
whole用來修飾可數(shù)名詞(名詞用單數(shù))。
He ate the whole cake. 他把整個(gè)蛋糕都吃了。(強(qiáng)調(diào)整整一個(gè)蛋糕)
(2) all強(qiáng)調(diào)由一個(gè)個(gè)部分組成的全部。
Miss Green knew all the students in the class.
格林小姐認(rèn)識(shí)這個(gè)班上的所有人。(一個(gè)一個(gè)全認(rèn)識(shí))
all在句中的位置是放在所有格,定冠詞和指示代詞的之前。
Jim finished all his homework in twenty minutes.
吉姆在20分鐘之內(nèi)完成了所有的作業(yè)。(所有格前)
Of all the boys here, he sings best.在這里所有的男孩之中,他唱的最好。(定冠詞前)
The boy can answer all these questions.那個(gè)男孩能夠回答所有的這些問題。(指示代詞前)
all既能修飾可數(shù)名詞(名詞須用復(fù)數(shù)),又能修飾不可數(shù)名詞。
All these five books are mine.這五本書都是我的。(修飾可數(shù)名詞)
She was worried about her son all the time.她總在為她的兒子擔(dān)心。(修飾不可數(shù)名詞)
4. fill/ full
(1) fill常作動(dòng)詞,與with連用,意思是注滿、裝滿,也能表示填空;補(bǔ)缺的意思。
He filled the box with chalk.他把粉筆裝滿了盒子。
The bucket is filled with water.水桶里裝滿了水。
(2) full是形容詞,翻譯成滿的,裝滿的,常與of連用。此外還能表示完全的和吃飽的,過飽的。
All the rooms are full of people.所有的房間都滿人了。
The bus was full. He had to wait for the next one.這輛車人滿了,他只有等下一輛。
5. be made of/ be made from/ be made in/ be made into
(1) be made of表示由制成, 一般指能夠看出原材料,或發(fā)生的是物理變化。
This table cloth is made of paper.這張桌布是由紙做的。
This salad is made of apples and strawberries.這種沙拉是由蘋果和草莓做的。
(2) be made from也表示由制成,但一般指看不出原材料,或發(fā)生的是化學(xué)變化。
Bread is made from corn.面包是小麥做的。
The lifeboat is made from some special material.這個(gè)救生艇是由某種特殊材料制成的。
(3) be made in指的是產(chǎn)地,意思為于制造。
The caps are made in Russia.這些帽子產(chǎn)于俄羅斯。
My mother likes to buy things which are made in China.
我媽媽喜歡買中國產(chǎn)的東西。
(4) be made into的意思為被制成為。
This piece of wood will be made into a small bench. 這塊木頭將要被制成一個(gè)小凳。
The paper has been made into clothes for the doll. 紙被做成了洋娃娃的衣服。
6. none/ no one/ neither
(1) none既能指人,又能指物,意思是沒有一個(gè),無一,常用作代詞,與of連用。
None of us has heard of him before.我們沒有一個(gè)人以前聽說過他。
I like none of the coats. 那些外套我一件都不喜歡。
none用作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用單復(fù)數(shù)皆可。
None of the answers is true.沒有一個(gè)答案是正確的。
None of the rooms are mine.沒有一間房子是我的。
(2) no one只能用來指人,且不能與of連用。
No one is absent.沒有人缺席。
I knew no one there.那里我一個(gè)人也不認(rèn)識(shí)。
no one用作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞只能用單數(shù)。
No one agrees with you. 沒有人同意你的說法。
(3) neither作代詞是對(duì)兩者都進(jìn)行否定,意思為兩者都不,作主語時(shí)謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。
Neither of the boys is from England. 這兩個(gè)男孩都不是來自英國。
I know neither of them.他們兩個(gè)我都不認(rèn)識(shí)。
7. found/ find
(1) find的意思是找到、發(fā)現(xiàn),其過去式和過去分詞都是found.
I can't find my glasses.我找不著我的眼鏡了。
He found it boring to sit here alone.他發(fā)現(xiàn)獨(dú)自坐在這里很沒勁。
(2) found是另外一個(gè)詞,與find并沒有關(guān)系,意思是成立、建設(shè),常用作及物動(dòng)詞。
The People's Republic of China was founded in 1949.中華人民共和國成立于1949年。
The school was founded by the local residents.這所學(xué)校是由當(dāng)?shù)鼐用裥藿ǖ摹?/p>
8. hear / hear of/ hear from
(1)hear的意思是聽見;聽說,得知,后面能接名詞、代詞或賓語從句。
We heard the news just a moment ago.我剛聽說這個(gè)消息。
Can you hear me? 能聽見我說話嗎?
(2) hear of的意思是聽說,一般指非直接的聽見,而是聽別人說的。后不能接賓語從句。
I have never heard of her.我從未聽說過她。
They heard of the film long time ago.他們很久以前就聽說過這部電影。
(3) hear from的意思是收到來信,與聽無關(guān)。
I often hear from him. 我經(jīng)常收到他的來信。
He hasn't heard from his mother for a long time.他很久沒有收到媽媽的信了
9. send/ send for
(1) send意思是送往,派遣,還有發(fā)信,寄信的意思。
The company sent him to study abroad.公司派他到國外學(xué)習(xí)去了。
Mr. Brown sent her children away.布郎夫人送走了孩子們。
(2) send for意思是召喚;派人去取;派人去拿,而非本人親自去。
They have sent for a repairman.他們已經(jīng)派人去請(qǐng)了一名修理工。
She sent for some flowers.她派了人去買花。
10. get to/ arrive/ reach
(1) arrive后不能直接接地點(diǎn),是一個(gè)不及物動(dòng)詞。若表示到達(dá)一個(gè)相對(duì)大的地點(diǎn),用arrive in ; 若表示相對(duì)小的地點(diǎn),用arrive at .
The delegation will arrive in China at 5:00 p.m.代表團(tuán)將于下午5:00到達(dá)北京。
It was dark when they arrived at the railway station.當(dāng)他們到達(dá)火車站的時(shí)候,天已經(jīng)黑了。
When did she arrive here last time? 她上次是什么時(shí)候到這兒的?(副詞前省略介詞)
(2) reach能直接接所到達(dá)的地點(diǎn),是一個(gè)及物動(dòng)詞。
They reached London on Friday.他們星期五到達(dá)了倫敦。
The news only reached me yesterday.我于昨天才接到這個(gè)消息。
reach還有伸手去取,伸手觸及,聯(lián)絡(luò)等意思。
Can you reach that apple on the tree? 你能夠到樹上的哪個(gè)蘋果嗎?
He can always be reached on the phone.可隨時(shí)打電話跟他聯(lián)系。
(3) get在表示到達(dá)時(shí)是不及物動(dòng)詞,應(yīng)與to搭配使用。
We often get to school on foot.我們經(jīng)常步行到學(xué)校。
They got to the top of the hill at noon.他們于中午到達(dá)了山頂。
【名師講解】
1. be able to/ can
(1) 都能表示能夠,具備干某件事的能力這個(gè)含義,此時(shí)可以互換。
Mr. Green is able to finish the work on time.
= Mr. Green can finish the work on time.
格林先生能夠按時(shí)完成這項(xiàng)工作。
(2) be able to可以用于各種時(shí)態(tài),而can 為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞,多用于現(xiàn)在時(shí),其過去式為could。
We are sure he will be able to be an artist when he grows up.
我們相信他長(zhǎng)大后能夠成為一名畫家。
Miss Lin has been able to pay the car by herself.
林小姐已經(jīng)能夠自己負(fù)擔(dān)那輛車了。
(4) Can除了表示能夠,有能力做某事以外,還有如下用法,而be able to 則沒有。表示請(qǐng)求,但語
氣沒有could委婉
Can I have a look at this picture? 我能看看這張圖片嗎?
Can we leave school after 6:00 p.m. ?我們可以在下午6點(diǎn)之后再離開學(xué)校嗎?
表示可能性。
That man cant be our new teacher. 那人不可能是我們的新老師。
The exam cant be too difficult.考試不會(huì)太難。
2. bring/ take/carry/fetch
(1) bring一般是指拿來,即從別處往說話人這里拿,翻譯成帶來。
He brought us some good news.他給我們帶來了一些好消息。
Please dont forget to bring your homework tomorrow.
明天請(qǐng)別忘了把家庭作業(yè)帶來。
(2) take一般是指從說話人這里往別處拿,翻譯成帶走。
Please take the umbrella with you. Its going to rain.要下雨了,請(qǐng)把傘帶上。
She took the dictionary away.她把字典拿走了。
(3) carry不強(qiáng)調(diào)方向,表示攜帶、背著、運(yùn)送、搬扛等意思。
They carried the boxes into the factory. 他們把箱子搬進(jìn)了工廠。
A taxi carried them to the station. 出租車送他們到了車站
(4) fetch表示的是去取來、去拿來、去叫來等意思,包含去和來兩趟。
The waiter fetched them some apples.侍者為他們?nèi)砹艘恍┨O果。
Mother fetched the doctor for her ill son.媽媽為生病的兒子請(qǐng)來了醫(yī)生。
3. whole/ all
(1) whole強(qiáng)調(diào)一個(gè)完整如一,互不分割的整體。
The whole country is suffering the war. 整個(gè)國家正遭遇戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)。
I just want to know the whole story.我僅僅只想知道完整的故事。
whole在句中的位置是放在所有格,冠詞和指示代詞的之后。
They will spend their whole holiday in Canada.
他們將到加拿大渡過整個(gè)假期。(所有格后)
She has finished writing the whole book. 她已經(jīng)寫完了整本書。(冠詞后
whole用來修飾可數(shù)名詞(名詞用單數(shù))。
He ate the whole cake. 他把整個(gè)蛋糕都吃了。(強(qiáng)調(diào)整整一個(gè)蛋糕)
(2) all強(qiáng)調(diào)由一個(gè)個(gè)部分組成的全部。
Miss Green knew all the students in the class.
格林小姐認(rèn)識(shí)這個(gè)班上的所有人。(一個(gè)一個(gè)全認(rèn)識(shí))
all在句中的位置是放在所有格,定冠詞和指示代詞的之前。
Jim finished all his homework in twenty minutes.
吉姆在20分鐘之內(nèi)完成了所有的作業(yè)。(所有格前)
Of all the boys here, he sings best.在這里所有的男孩之中,他唱的最好。(定冠詞前)
The boy can answer all these questions.那個(gè)男孩能夠回答所有的這些問題。(指示代詞前)
all既能修飾可數(shù)名詞(名詞須用復(fù)數(shù)),又能修飾不可數(shù)名詞。
All these five books are mine.這五本書都是我的。(修飾可數(shù)名詞)
She was worried about her son all the time.她總在為她的兒子擔(dān)心。(修飾不可數(shù)名詞)
4. fill/ full
(1) fill常作動(dòng)詞,與with連用,意思是注滿、裝滿,也能表示填空;補(bǔ)缺的意思。
He filled the box with chalk.他把粉筆裝滿了盒子。
The bucket is filled with water.水桶里裝滿了水。
(2) full是形容詞,翻譯成滿的,裝滿的,常與of連用。此外還能表示完全的和吃飽的,過飽的。
All the rooms are full of people.所有的房間都滿人了。
The bus was full. He had to wait for the next one.這輛車人滿了,他只有等下一輛。
5. be made of/ be made from/ be made in/ be made into
(1) be made of表示由制成, 一般指能夠看出原材料,或發(fā)生的是物理變化。
This table cloth is made of paper.這張桌布是由紙做的。
This salad is made of apples and strawberries.這種沙拉是由蘋果和草莓做的。
(2) be made from也表示由制成,但一般指看不出原材料,或發(fā)生的是化學(xué)變化。
Bread is made from corn.面包是小麥做的。
The lifeboat is made from some special material.這個(gè)救生艇是由某種特殊材料制成的。
(3) be made in指的是產(chǎn)地,意思為于制造。
The caps are made in Russia.這些帽子產(chǎn)于俄羅斯。
My mother likes to buy things which are made in China.
我媽媽喜歡買中國產(chǎn)的東西。
(4) be made into的意思為被制成為。
This piece of wood will be made into a small bench. 這塊木頭將要被制成一個(gè)小凳。
The paper has been made into clothes for the doll. 紙被做成了洋娃娃的衣服。
6. none/ no one/ neither
(1) none既能指人,又能指物,意思是沒有一個(gè),無一,常用作代詞,與of連用。
None of us has heard of him before.我們沒有一個(gè)人以前聽說過他。
I like none of the coats. 那些外套我一件都不喜歡。
none用作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用單復(fù)數(shù)皆可。
None of the answers is true.沒有一個(gè)答案是正確的。
None of the rooms are mine.沒有一間房子是我的。
(2) no one只能用來指人,且不能與of連用。
No one is absent.沒有人缺席。
I knew no one there.那里我一個(gè)人也不認(rèn)識(shí)。
no one用作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞只能用單數(shù)。
No one agrees with you. 沒有人同意你的說法。
(3) neither作代詞是對(duì)兩者都進(jìn)行否定,意思為兩者都不,作主語時(shí)謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。
Neither of the boys is from England. 這兩個(gè)男孩都不是來自英國。
I know neither of them.他們兩個(gè)我都不認(rèn)識(shí)。
7. found/ find
(1) find的意思是找到、發(fā)現(xiàn),其過去式和過去分詞都是found.
I can't find my glasses.我找不著我的眼鏡了。
He found it boring to sit here alone.他發(fā)現(xiàn)獨(dú)自坐在這里很沒勁。
(2) found是另外一個(gè)詞,與find并沒有關(guān)系,意思是成立、建設(shè),常用作及物動(dòng)詞。
The People's Republic of China was founded in 1949.中華人民共和國成立于1949年。
The school was founded by the local residents.這所學(xué)校是由當(dāng)?shù)鼐用裥藿ǖ摹?/p>
8. hear / hear of/ hear from
(1)hear的意思是聽見;聽說,得知,后面能接名詞、代詞或賓語從句。
We heard the news just a moment ago.我剛聽說這個(gè)消息。
Can you hear me? 能聽見我說話嗎?
(2) hear of的意思是聽說,一般指非直接的聽見,而是聽別人說的。后不能接賓語從句。
I have never heard of her.我從未聽說過她。
They heard of the film long time ago.他們很久以前就聽說過這部電影。
(3) hear from的意思是收到來信,與聽無關(guān)。
I often hear from him. 我經(jīng)常收到他的來信。
He hasn't heard from his mother for a long time.他很久沒有收到媽媽的信了
9. send/ send for
(1) send意思是送往,派遣,還有發(fā)信,寄信的意思。
The company sent him to study abroad.公司派他到國外學(xué)習(xí)去了。
Mr. Brown sent her children away.布郎夫人送走了孩子們。
(2) send for意思是召喚;派人去取;派人去拿,而非本人親自去。
They have sent for a repairman.他們已經(jīng)派人去請(qǐng)了一名修理工。
She sent for some flowers.她派了人去買花。
10. get to/ arrive/ reach
(1) arrive后不能直接接地點(diǎn),是一個(gè)不及物動(dòng)詞。若表示到達(dá)一個(gè)相對(duì)大的地點(diǎn),用arrive in ; 若表示相對(duì)小的地點(diǎn),用arrive at .
The delegation will arrive in China at 5:00 p.m.代表團(tuán)將于下午5:00到達(dá)北京。
It was dark when they arrived at the railway station.當(dāng)他們到達(dá)火車站的時(shí)候,天已經(jīng)黑了。
When did she arrive here last time? 她上次是什么時(shí)候到這兒的?(副詞前省略介詞)
(2) reach能直接接所到達(dá)的地點(diǎn),是一個(gè)及物動(dòng)詞。
They reached London on Friday.他們星期五到達(dá)了倫敦。
The news only reached me yesterday.我于昨天才接到這個(gè)消息。
reach還有伸手去取,伸手觸及,聯(lián)絡(luò)等意思。
Can you reach that apple on the tree? 你能夠到樹上的哪個(gè)蘋果嗎?
He can always be reached on the phone.可隨時(shí)打電話跟他聯(lián)系。
(3) get在表示到達(dá)時(shí)是不及物動(dòng)詞,應(yīng)與to搭配使用。
We often get to school on foot.我們經(jīng)常步行到學(xué)校。
They got to the top of the hill at noon.他們于中午到達(dá)了山頂。