Words and expressions

　　pro n. an argument or a consideration in favor of something 贊成

　　Please weigh the pros and cons. 請(qǐng)掂量一下贊成的論點(diǎn)和反對(duì)的論點(diǎn)。

　　con n. an argument or opinion against something 反對(duì)

　　the pros and cons 正反雙方

　　experiment n. something that you do to see and study what happens so that you will learn more實(shí)驗(yàn)；試驗(yàn)

　　They made the school a place for scientific experiment.他們把學(xué)校變成一個(gè)科學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)的場(chǎng)所。

　　glove n.[c] cover of leather, wool, etc. for the hand手套

　　I want a new pair of gloves. 我要一副新手套。

　　gas n. a substance like air which is not liquid or solid; especially the gas you burn in the house to give heat氣體

　　Most matter has three states: solid, liquid and gas.

　　大多數(shù)物質(zhì)具有三種狀態(tài)：固態(tài)、液態(tài)和氣態(tài)。

　　liquid n. anything that flows, and is not a solid or a gas液體

　　Oil and water are liquids. 油和水是液體。

　　advantage n. something useful or helpful有利條件；優(yōu)點(diǎn)

　　He has the advantage of a good education. 他具有受過良好教育的優(yōu)點(diǎn)。

　　disadvantage n. small problem; something that makes things hard to do, etc.不便；不利條件

　　It is a disadvantage not to be able to drive a car. 不會(huì)開汽車是不便的。

　　application n. the act of using as a means; putting to a special use or purpose應(yīng)用

　　Freedom is a word of wide application. 自由一詞可用于多種場(chǎng)合。

　　n. the act of requesting; a formal request or appeal; the writing expressing such request申請(qǐng)

　　He made an application by words of mouth last week. 上星期他提出了口頭申請(qǐng)。

　　maglev [XmBglev] n. adj. 磁力懸浮列車(的)

　　engine n. a piece of machinery which drives a machine引擎；發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)

　　a steam engine 蒸汽機(jī)

　　nuclear adj. of the central part of an atom; of atomic energy原子核的；原子能的

　　nuclear energy 原子能

　　economy n.[u] way that a country spends its money, uses its goods and workers, etc經(jīng)濟(jì)

　　. We cannot develop our national economy without science and technology.

　　沒有科學(xué)技術(shù)我們就不能發(fā)展國民經(jīng)濟(jì)。

　　n.[u] using money, goods, etc. well and carefully 節(jié)約

　　We must practise strict economy. 我們要厲行節(jié)約。

　　comfort n.[u] being free from worry, pain, etc舒適；安逸

　　He had saved enough money so that he could live in comfort.

　　他攢了不少錢，足以舒舒服服地過日子。

　　n.[u] anything that makes trouble or sorrow easier to bear安慰

　　We could give him no comfort. 我們無法安慰他。

　　unnecessary adj. that you do not need; not important不需要的；多余的

　　A coat is unnecessary on a hot day. 大熱天不需要外套。

　　successful adj. having success成功的

　　He was successful in everything he did. 他做的每一件事都很成功。

　　conduct vt. manage; direct; carry on 經(jīng)營；管理；指揮

　　Who conducts this orchestra? 誰指揮這個(gè)樂隊(duì)？

　　vt. lead or guide引導(dǎo)；帶領(lǐng)

　　He was conducted through the museum. 他在指引下參觀了整個(gè)博物館。 n.[u] 行為；操行

　　Many pupils in this class got prizes for good conduct.

　　這個(gè)班的許多學(xué)生因?yàn)椴傩泻枚昧霜?jiǎng)。

　　a number of several; many若干；許多

　　A number of my friends came to the party. 我的一些朋友參加了這次聚會(huì)。

　　lightning n. electricity which flashes in the sky, especially during a thunder storm閃電

　　I dont mind thunder, but lightning frightens me. 我不怕打雷，但是閃電使我害怕。

　　thunderstorm n. a storm with thunder and lightning雷雨

　　A thunderstorm broke out. 雷雨發(fā)作了。

　　condenser n.[c]電容器；冷凝器

　　shed n. building for animals, tools, etc.棚；小屋

　　He left his bicycle in the shed. 他把自行車存在車棚里。

　　string n. piece of cord for tying things線；細(xì)繩

　　Jone tied up the parcel with (a) string. 喬恩用繩子把包裹扎起來。

　　charge v. put power into something充電

　　He forgot to charge the battery. 他忘記給電池充電了。

　　v. to ask for money for something收費(fèi)

　　He charged me $1.50 for mending the watch. 他要我付了一元五角修表費(fèi)。

　　v. say in a law court, etc. that someone has done wrong 控告

　　He was charged with murder. 他被指控犯了謀殺罪。

　　electric adj. worked by electricity電的；電動(dòng)的；導(dǎo)電的

　　Some electric wells have been built. 已打了幾眼機(jī)井。

　　shock n. sudden pain when electricity passes through the body 電擊

　　If you touch an electric wire, youll get a shock. 如果你去碰一根帶電的電線，你就會(huì)受電擊。

　　n. a very sudden shaking震動(dòng)

　　When the tree fell down, I could feel the shock in the house.

　　樹倒下的時(shí)候，我能感到房子的震動(dòng)。

　　n. a sudden bad surprise震驚

　　The news was a terrible shock. 這消息是巨大的震驚。

　　a great deal of a large or considerable quantity, quite a lot 大量；相當(dāng)多

　　He seems to have a good (great) deal of money (trouble, etc.) 他好象有很多錢（麻煩事）。

　　very much極；很

　　She is a good deal better today. 她今天好得多了。

　　prove vt. show that something is true 證明；證實(shí)

　　It was proved from another fact. 它由另一事實(shí)證明。

　　vi. turn out to be, be found to be證明是；表現(xiàn)是

　　The new typist proved (to be) useless. 這位新打字員證明是不合格的。

　　tear v. pull something apart; make a rough hole in something撕裂；弄破 (tore; torn)

　　Paper tears easily. 紙一撕就破。

　　frame n. strong bars of wood, metal, etc., that give the main shape to something構(gòu)架

　　A modern tent has cloth walls over a metal frame. 現(xiàn)代帳篷都是在金屬架上蓋布做墻。

　　n. thin edge of wood, metal, etc. round a picture, door, mirror, or the glass in spectacles框架

　　He put the photograph in a frame and hung it on the wall. 他把相片放在鏡框里掛在墻上。

　　handkerchief n. square piece of cloth that you use to wipe your nose手帕

　　He blew his nose in his handkerchief. 他用手帕擤鼻子。

　　control n. the act of controlling控制；支配；管理

　　He has good control over his company. 他把公司管理得很好。

　　vt. to make something or somebody do what you want 控制；支配；管理

　　The policeman was controlling the traffic. 警察管理著交通。

　　sharp adj. with an edge that cuts easily; with a fine point; that makes holes easily鋒利的；銳利的

　　Be careful with that knife -it s very sharp. 當(dāng)心那把刀子--它很鋒利。

　　adj. clear; that you can see or smell clearly清楚的；明顯的

　　The tower stands sharp against the clear sky. 塔巍然屹立映著睛朗的天空。

　　adj. that can see, hear, etc. well敏銳的

　　He has sharp ears and eyes他耳目敏銳。

　　foot n. a measure of distance英尺（略作 ft.）

　　One foot (1 ft.) is 12 inches. 一英尺等于12英寸。

　　fasten vt. make fast, fix firmly, tie or join together扎牢；拴緊；固定

　　We use buttons to fasten our clothes. 我們用鈕扣把衣服扣好。

　　ribbon n. 絲帶；緞帶；帶狀物

　　tie up ones hair with a ribbon 用絲帶扎頭發(fā)

　　thundercloud n. 【氣】雷雨云

　　pick out choose, select by picking選出；挑出

　　Can you pick out the right one? 你能找出正確的那一個(gè)嗎？

　　be able to see someone or something in a lot of others區(qū)別出；看出

　　Pick out the participles or gerunds in the following sentences and give their functions.

　　區(qū)別下列句子中的分詞和動(dòng)名詞，并說明它們的作用。

　　sense n. one of the powers of the body感覺；感官

　　Sight, smell, hearing, taste, and touch are the main senses. 視、嗅、聽、味和觸覺是主要的感官。

　　test vt. ask someone questions to find out what he knows or can do 考試；測(cè)驗(yàn)

　　The examiner is testing our spelling tomorrow. 明天老師測(cè)驗(yàn)我們的拼寫。

　　vt. use something to find out if it works well試驗(yàn)

　　The worker tested a new car. 工人們?cè)囼?yàn)了新汽車。

　　vt. look at something carefully to find out how good it is; examine something檢驗(yàn)；檢查

　　The doctor tested my eyes. 醫(yī)生檢查了我的眼睛。

　　n. an examination; a trial考試；測(cè)驗(yàn)

　　Robert failed his driving test. 羅伯特的汽車駕駛考試沒通過。

　　test on 在（身上做試驗(yàn)）

　　shampoo n. any of various liquid or cream preparations of soap or detergent used to wash the hair and scalp.洗發(fā)精； 洗發(fā)香波

　　skin n. the outside covering of the body皮膚

　　Leather is made from the skin of animals. 皮革是用動(dòng)物的皮做的。

　　n. a usually thin, closely adhering outer layer 外皮；外殼

　　apple skin 蘋果皮 banana skin 香蕉皮

　　drug n.[c] medicine that makes sick people well or that takes away pain 藥物

　　An effective drug is bitter. 良藥苦口。

　　n.[c] dangerous stuff that people eat or inject to make them sleep, or do things they usually do not do麻醉藥品；成癮性毒品 Heroin is a dangerous drug. 海洛因是一種危險(xiǎn)的毒品。

　　activist n. 激進(jìn)主義分子；行動(dòng)主義分子

　　doubt n. not being sure懷疑；疑惑

　　If there is any doubt, you had better make certain. 如果你有什么不能肯定的，一定要弄清楚。

　　vt. not feel sure about something; not believe something懷疑

　　I doubt very much whether he is coming or not. 我很懷疑他是否來。

　　cruel adj. ready to give pain to others殘忍的；殘酷的

　　The cruel man was hitting the donkey. 那個(gè)殘酷的人正在抽打那頭驢。

　　painkiller n. 鎮(zhèn)痛劑; 止痛藥

　　view n.[c] opinion, what you believe or think about something觀點(diǎn)；意見

　　I take a different view of it. 我對(duì)這有不同的看法。

　　n.[c] place that you look at; picture or photograph of a place風(fēng)景

　　What a wonderful view from your window! 從你家的窗子里看，這一帶景色美麗極了！

　　conclusion n.[c] end; a result obtained after reasoning 結(jié)束；結(jié)論

　　The discussion was brought to a conclusion. 討論結(jié)束了。

　　Finally they came to this conclusion. 最后，他們得出了這個(gè)結(jié)論。

　　Benjamin Franklin [XbendJRmin XfrBNkilin] 本杰明富蘭克林(美國科學(xué)家)

　　Words and expressions

　　pro n. an argument or a consideration in favor of something 贊成

　　Please weigh the pros and cons. 請(qǐng)掂量一下贊成的論點(diǎn)和反對(duì)的論點(diǎn)。

　　con n. an argument or opinion against something 反對(duì)

　　the pros and cons 正反雙方

　　experiment n. something that you do to see and study what happens so that you will learn more實(shí)驗(yàn)；試驗(yàn)

　　They made the school a place for scientific experiment.他們把學(xué)校變成一個(gè)科學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)的場(chǎng)所。

　　glove n.[c] cover of leather, wool, etc. for the hand手套

　　I want a new pair of gloves. 我要一副新手套。

　　gas n. a substance like air which is not liquid or solid; especially the gas you burn in the house to give heat氣體

　　Most matter has three states: solid, liquid and gas.

　　大多數(shù)物質(zhì)具有三種狀態(tài)：固態(tài)、液態(tài)和氣態(tài)。

　　liquid n. anything that flows, and is not a solid or a gas液體

　　Oil and water are liquids. 油和水是液體。

　　advantage n. something useful or helpful有利條件；優(yōu)點(diǎn)

　　He has the advantage of a good education. 他具有受過良好教育的優(yōu)點(diǎn)。

　　disadvantage n. small problem; something that makes things hard to do, etc.不便；不利條件

　　It is a disadvantage not to be able to drive a car. 不會(huì)開汽車是不便的。

　　application n. the act of using as a means; putting to a special use or purpose應(yīng)用

　　Freedom is a word of wide application. 自由一詞可用于多種場(chǎng)合。

　　n. the act of requesting; a formal request or appeal; the writing expressing such request申請(qǐng)

　　He made an application by words of mouth last week. 上星期他提出了口頭申請(qǐng)。

　　maglev [XmBglev] n. adj. 磁力懸浮列車(的)

　　engine n. a piece of machinery which drives a machine引擎；發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)

　　a steam engine 蒸汽機(jī)

　　nuclear adj. of the central part of an atom; of atomic energy原子核的；原子能的

　　nuclear energy 原子能

　　economy n.[u] way that a country spends its money, uses its goods and workers, etc經(jīng)濟(jì)

　　. We cannot develop our national economy without science and technology.

　　沒有科學(xué)技術(shù)我們就不能發(fā)展國民經(jīng)濟(jì)。

　　n.[u] using money, goods, etc. well and carefully 節(jié)約

　　We must practise strict economy. 我們要厲行節(jié)約。

　　comfort n.[u] being free from worry, pain, etc舒適；安逸

　　He had saved enough money so that he could live in comfort.

　　他攢了不少錢，足以舒舒服服地過日子。

　　n.[u] anything that makes trouble or sorrow easier to bear安慰

　　We could give him no comfort. 我們無法安慰他。

　　unnecessary adj. that you do not need; not important不需要的；多余的

　　A coat is unnecessary on a hot day. 大熱天不需要外套。

　　successful adj. having success成功的

　　He was successful in everything he did. 他做的每一件事都很成功。

　　conduct vt. manage; direct; carry on 經(jīng)營；管理；指揮

　　Who conducts this orchestra? 誰指揮這個(gè)樂隊(duì)？

　　vt. lead or guide引導(dǎo)；帶領(lǐng)

　　He was conducted through the museum. 他在指引下參觀了整個(gè)博物館。 n.[u] 行為；操行

　　Many pupils in this class got prizes for good conduct.

　　這個(gè)班的許多學(xué)生因?yàn)椴傩泻枚昧霜?jiǎng)。

　　a number of several; many若干；許多

　　A number of my friends came to the party. 我的一些朋友參加了這次聚會(huì)。

　　lightning n. electricity which flashes in the sky, especially during a thunder storm閃電

　　I dont mind thunder, but lightning frightens me. 我不怕打雷，但是閃電使我害怕。

　　thunderstorm n. a storm with thunder and lightning雷雨

　　A thunderstorm broke out. 雷雨發(fā)作了。

　　condenser n.[c]電容器；冷凝器

　　shed n. building for animals, tools, etc.棚；小屋

　　He left his bicycle in the shed. 他把自行車存在車棚里。

　　string n. piece of cord for tying things線；細(xì)繩

　　Jone tied up the parcel with (a) string. 喬恩用繩子把包裹扎起來。

　　charge v. put power into something充電

　　He forgot to charge the battery. 他忘記給電池充電了。

　　v. to ask for money for something收費(fèi)

　　He charged me $1.50 for mending the watch. 他要我付了一元五角修表費(fèi)。

　　v. say in a law court, etc. that someone has done wrong 控告

　　He was charged with murder. 他被指控犯了謀殺罪。

　　electric adj. worked by electricity電的；電動(dòng)的；導(dǎo)電的

　　Some electric wells have been built. 已打了幾眼機(jī)井。

　　shock n. sudden pain when electricity passes through the body 電擊

　　If you touch an electric wire, youll get a shock. 如果你去碰一根帶電的電線，你就會(huì)受電擊。

　　n. a very sudden shaking震動(dòng)

　　When the tree fell down, I could feel the shock in the house.

　　樹倒下的時(shí)候，我能感到房子的震動(dòng)。

　　n. a sudden bad surprise震驚

　　The news was a terrible shock. 這消息是巨大的震驚。

　　a great deal of a large or considerable quantity, quite a lot 大量；相當(dāng)多

　　He seems to have a good (great) deal of money (trouble, etc.) 他好象有很多錢（麻煩事）。

　　very much極；很

　　She is a good deal better today. 她今天好得多了。

　　prove vt. show that something is true 證明；證實(shí)

　　It was proved from another fact. 它由另一事實(shí)證明。

　　vi. turn out to be, be found to be證明是；表現(xiàn)是

　　The new typist proved (to be) useless. 這位新打字員證明是不合格的。

　　tear v. pull something apart; make a rough hole in something撕裂；弄破 (tore; torn)

　　Paper tears easily. 紙一撕就破。

　　frame n. strong bars of wood, metal, etc., that give the main shape to something構(gòu)架

　　A modern tent has cloth walls over a metal frame. 現(xiàn)代帳篷都是在金屬架上蓋布做墻。

　　n. thin edge of wood, metal, etc. round a picture, door, mirror, or the glass in spectacles框架

　　He put the photograph in a frame and hung it on the wall. 他把相片放在鏡框里掛在墻上。

　　handkerchief n. square piece of cloth that you use to wipe your nose手帕

　　He blew his nose in his handkerchief. 他用手帕擤鼻子。

　　control n. the act of controlling控制；支配；管理

　　He has good control over his company. 他把公司管理得很好。

　　vt. to make something or somebody do what you want 控制；支配；管理

　　The policeman was controlling the traffic. 警察管理著交通。

　　sharp adj. with an edge that cuts easily; with a fine point; that makes holes easily鋒利的；銳利的

　　Be careful with that knife -it s very sharp. 當(dāng)心那把刀子--它很鋒利。

　　adj. clear; that you can see or smell clearly清楚的；明顯的

　　The tower stands sharp against the clear sky. 塔巍然屹立映著睛朗的天空。

　　adj. that can see, hear, etc. well敏銳的

　　He has sharp ears and eyes他耳目敏銳。

　　foot n. a measure of distance英尺（略作 ft.）

　　One foot (1 ft.) is 12 inches. 一英尺等于12英寸。

　　fasten vt. make fast, fix firmly, tie or join together扎牢；拴緊；固定

　　We use buttons to fasten our clothes. 我們用鈕扣把衣服扣好。

　　ribbon n. 絲帶；緞帶；帶狀物

　　tie up ones hair with a ribbon 用絲帶扎頭發(fā)

　　thundercloud n. 【氣】雷雨云

　　pick out choose, select by picking選出；挑出

　　Can you pick out the right one? 你能找出正確的那一個(gè)嗎？

　　be able to see someone or something in a lot of others區(qū)別出；看出

　　Pick out the participles or gerunds in the following sentences and give their functions.

　　區(qū)別下列句子中的分詞和動(dòng)名詞，并說明它們的作用。

　　sense n. one of the powers of the body感覺；感官

　　Sight, smell, hearing, taste, and touch are the main senses. 視、嗅、聽、味和觸覺是主要的感官。

　　test vt. ask someone questions to find out what he knows or can do 考試；測(cè)驗(yàn)

　　The examiner is testing our spelling tomorrow. 明天老師測(cè)驗(yàn)我們的拼寫。

　　vt. use something to find out if it works well試驗(yàn)

　　The worker tested a new car. 工人們?cè)囼?yàn)了新汽車。

　　vt. look at something carefully to find out how good it is; examine something檢驗(yàn)；檢查

　　The doctor tested my eyes. 醫(yī)生檢查了我的眼睛。

　　n. an examination; a trial考試；測(cè)驗(yàn)

　　Robert failed his driving test. 羅伯特的汽車駕駛考試沒通過。

　　test on 在（身上做試驗(yàn)）

　　shampoo n. any of various liquid or cream preparations of soap or detergent used to wash the hair and scalp.洗發(fā)精； 洗發(fā)香波

　　skin n. the outside covering of the body皮膚

　　Leather is made from the skin of animals. 皮革是用動(dòng)物的皮做的。

　　n. a usually thin, closely adhering outer layer 外皮；外殼

　　apple skin 蘋果皮 banana skin 香蕉皮

　　drug n.[c] medicine that makes sick people well or that takes away pain 藥物

　　An effective drug is bitter. 良藥苦口。

　　n.[c] dangerous stuff that people eat or inject to make them sleep, or do things they usually do not do麻醉藥品；成癮性毒品 Heroin is a dangerous drug. 海洛因是一種危險(xiǎn)的毒品。

　　activist n. 激進(jìn)主義分子；行動(dòng)主義分子

　　doubt n. not being sure懷疑；疑惑

　　If there is any doubt, you had better make certain. 如果你有什么不能肯定的，一定要弄清楚。

　　vt. not feel sure about something; not believe something懷疑

　　I doubt very much whether he is coming or not. 我很懷疑他是否來。

　　cruel adj. ready to give pain to others殘忍的；殘酷的

　　The cruel man was hitting the donkey. 那個(gè)殘酷的人正在抽打那頭驢。

　　painkiller n. 鎮(zhèn)痛劑; 止痛藥

　　view n.[c] opinion, what you believe or think about something觀點(diǎn)；意見

　　I take a different view of it. 我對(duì)這有不同的看法。

　　n.[c] place that you look at; picture or photograph of a place風(fēng)景

　　What a wonderful view from your window! 從你家的窗子里看，這一帶景色美麗極了！

　　conclusion n.[c] end; a result obtained after reasoning 結(jié)束；結(jié)論

　　The discussion was brought to a conclusion. 討論結(jié)束了。

　　Finally they came to this conclusion. 最后，他們得出了這個(gè)結(jié)論。

　　Benjamin Franklin [XbendJRmin XfrBNkilin] 本杰明富蘭克林(美國科學(xué)家)