2023考研英語閱讀船舶技術
Marine technology
船舶技術
A voyage of discovery
探索未知之旅
New technology can make ships more versatile,more efficient and cleaner, too
新技術使輪船更萬能、更高效、也更環保
IN THE days when Norsemen pillaged their way around the monasteries and villages ofEurope, Norwegian shipwrights were at the forefront of naval architecture.
早在北歐人大肆掠奪歐洲的修道院和村莊時 ，挪威的造船工人就已在造船技術方面躋身前列。
They still are.
現在他們仍然處于世界領先水平。
Norway is an important centre ofmarine innovation and several foreign companies have operations there, too.
挪威是重要的船舶創新中心，一些外國公司也在這里設有分公司。
One such is the marine division of Rolls-Royce, a British firm, which is collaborating withFarstad, a shipping company based in Alesund, and STX OSV, a shipbuilder.
其中一家便是勞斯萊斯公司在這里設立的海運部，這家英國公司與總部設在阿雷松德的Farstad航運公司以及STX OSV造船公司都擁有合作關系，
The result of their efforts is Far Solitaire, the first of a new class of vessels which bristle withnovel technology that promises to make shipping safer, cleaner and cheaper.
而他們三強通力合作的成果便是遠航明珠艦。它是一批新式輪船中第一艘運用大量創新技術的船，這些技術使得船運更安全、更環保/清潔、更低廉。
Far Solitaire has been designed as a platform-supply ship for the North Sea s oil and gasindustry.
遠航明珠艦是為了發展北海石油和天然氣開采業而設計的一艘平臺供給輪船。
This means she is not a large vessel.
這意味著它的體型并不大。
She is 91 metres long, has a deadweight of 5,700 tonnes and cost about 70m.
它長91米，載重量為5700公噸，總造價約7000萬美元。
But some of the innovations she uses should be applicable to vessels of all sizes.
但是設計該船時所運用的一些創新技術卻適用于任何大小的船只。
At the moment she is being fitted out by STX OSV at its Langsten shipyard on Tomrefjord.
目前這艘輪船還停泊在Tomrefjord的Langsten造船廠由STX OSV公司完成裝配工作。
In October she will be delivered to Farstad, who will use her to supply rigs in the region snotoriously heavy seas.
今年十月，它將被交付給Farstad公司，該公司會用它在波濤洶涌北海運送鉆探設備。
Crucially, she has to be able to hold her position while transferring cargoes that includevarious noxious materials which are employed in drilling or pumped into wells to improvethe process of extraction.
最關鍵的是，它必須在轉移貨物時保持平穩。這些貨物包含了各種有毒物質，將用于鉆井或用泵注入油井中以優化石油提取過程。
These have to be delivered to and removed from the platforms.
它們必須由船只運到鉆井平臺上，使用完后再運離平臺。
Such transfers are potentially hazardous for the people involved and for the environment.
這種運輸過程對參與者以及環境都存在著潛在的危險。
One of Far Solitaire s most important innovations is her wave-piercing hull. Below thewaterline her bow has the bulbous drag-reducing nose that has become a familiar feature ofmodern ships.
遠航明珠艦所使用的最重要的一項創新技術就是它的穿浪型船體。該輪船的吃水線下面有一個球形的大鼻子用來減少波浪帶來的阻力，這對現代輪船來說并不是什么稀奇的特點，
Above it, however, things are all new.
但它球鼻上方的構造卻是十分新鮮。
Where a standard ship s bow would have a flat foredeck, Far Solitaire s flows up and over thevessel.
按標準結構來說，輪船的船頭通常都有一塊平坦的前甲板，而遠航明珠艦的船頭卻向上突起，高過船身。
This means that instead of riding the waves, as most ships do, she can penetrate them.
這意味著與其它的乘浪行駛的輪船不同，遠航明珠艦能破浪行駛。
That is a crucial change.
這是一個十分重要的改變。
When a ship rides the waves her engines slow down and then surge as her hull rises andfalls.
當一艘船乘浪行駛時它的引擎轉速會隨著船體的上下顛簸而加快或變慢/它的引擎會隨著船體的上下顛簸或減速或加速。
By piercing the swell, Far Solitaire will be able to maintain her engines at a constant speed.
遠航明珠艦能破開涌動的海浪從而使它的引擎維持常速工作。
This will cut fuel consumption, reduce wear and tear, and make life for the crew safer andmore comfortable.
這一改變能降低輪船的油耗，減少輪船的磨損，同時使船員更加安全舒適。
Future shipshape
未來新船舶技術
Far Solitaire is powered by a conventional diesel-electric system consisting of three enginesconnected to generators that run electric motors.
遠航明珠艦由一個傳統的柴電推進系統驅動，該系統由三個引擎組成，而這三個引擎又與運行著馬達的發電機相連接。
The thrusters which those electric motors drive, however, are anything but conventional.
但是那些馬達所驅動的推進器卻遠非尋常。
The main pair are stern-mounted Azipull propellers. These are similar to the azimuththrusters already used on some vessels: propellers on pods that can be rotated to push theship in different directions, making a rudder unnecessary.
其中最重要的一對是安裝在船尾的Azipull螺旋槳，它們與一些輪船已經在使用的方位推進器有點相似：分離艙上可旋轉的螺旋槳能夠推動船駛向不同的方向，這樣就不必再使用船舵。
But the Rolls-Royce Azipull has the propeller at the front of the pod rather than the back.
但是勞斯萊斯公司將Azipull螺旋槳裝在了分離艙的前端而非尾部，
That means the propeller operates in a smoother flow of water, which improves efficiencyand assists steering.
這意味著螺旋槳能在更平穩的水流中工作，從而提高效率，方便輪船的行駛。
This design has been made possible using computational fluid dynamics to perfect the shapesof the blades and pods.
設計師通過計算流體力學完善舵葉與分離艙的形狀，使得這種設計成為可能。
Further control is provided by two bow thrusters. These are propellers mounted intransverse tunnels in the hull, to help position the craft and hold her stable while alongsidea rig.
其他操控設備還有船首側推裝置，它是安裝在船體橫向通道中的兩個推進器，用來幫助輪船進行定位并在船上裝載鉆探時保持船體平穩。
And there is also an azimuth thruster that can be swung down from the forward part of thehull if an extra push is required.
另外在需要額外推力時還有方位推進器可從船體前方擺下。
All of these propulsion systems are handled by moving one of the joysticks next to thecaptain s chair in a bridge with a 360 view that looks more suitable for the starshipEnterprise than what is, after all, a souped-up freighter.
船長只要移動駕駛室座椅邊的操縱桿就能控制這些推進裝置，這個擁有360全方位視角的駕駛室看起來更適合進取號星艦，而不僅僅是普通的貨船，因為后者只不過是加了馬力的船舶而已。
The consequences of moving the joystick can, fortunately, be practised on shore without riskto ship or platform, courtesy of a new 360 bridge simulator in Rolls-Royce smarine-training centre in Alesund.
幸好移動操控桿的效果能在阿雷松德船舶訓練中心進行試驗，勞斯萊斯公司在這里建有一個360全方位視角的模擬駕駛室，有了岸上的訓練就能避免給輪船和鉆井平臺帶來危險。
The captain can also call on the assistance of an electronic positioning system that uses acombination of data from satellites, gyrocompasses, and wind and motion sensors tooperate the thrusters automatically.
另外，船長還能從電子定位系統中獲取幫助，該系統能結合衛星、回轉羅盤、風能和運動傳感器三者的數據自動操控推進器。
Solid freight is carried on a deck that has an area of 1,020 square metres.
固體貨物會被安置在一個面積達1020平方米的甲板上，
Liquids, meanwhile, are stored below deck in tanks, each of which is fitted with its ownpumping system, in order to avoid the risk of mixing substances best kept separate.
而液體貨物則會被存儲在甲板下的液貨艙中，每種液體對應相應的抽運系統以避免不宜混合放置的液體攪拌在一起。
Borge Nakken, who is in charge of technology and development at Farstad, expects FarSolitaire to use about 40% less fuel than a conventional vessel of the same size that iscarrying out similar tasks.
Borge Nakken是Farstad公司技術與發展部門的負責人，他預期，在執行相似任務時，遠航明珠艦的耗油量將比同樣大小的傳統型輪船少40%，
This is a remarkable saving, and although she is a small, specialist vessel, many of herfeatures, particularly the new bow and the more efficient system of propellers, could helpreduce fuel consumption and emission levels in larger ships as well.
其耗油量的減少是十分顯著的。盡管遠航明珠艦是一艘專用型小輪船，但它的許多性能特別是新的船頭以及更加高效的推進器都可以同樣利用在大型船只上以減少耗油量與排放量。
Stricter regulations on ships emissions are on their wayincluding, in particular, newcontrols for vessels in the North Sea and the Baltic, and off the coast of North America.
有關部門正在制定更加嚴格的輪船排放標準，特別是針對北海、波羅的海和北美沿海的船只。
That means shipowners who wish to ply these waters will have to stop using bunker fuel topower their vessels because burning it produces too much sulphur dioxide, nitrogen oxidesand soot.
這意味著船主想要在這些水域航行就必須停止使用船用燃料油因為它們在燃燒過程中會釋放過多的二氧化硫、氮氧化合物和煤煙。
That gives extra impetus for technology of the sort being tested in Far Solitaire.
這給遠航明珠艦上所試用的那種新技術的發展帶來了額外的推動力。
And this time no villages will have to be pillaged to pay for it.
而這次，沒有村莊會因此再遭受掠奪了。
詞語解釋
1.collaborate with 合作，與敵人合作
Stimulate interaction between segments of thecompany that traditionally don t connect orcollaborate with each other.
促進公司中那些傳統上來說沒有聯系與合作的部門的交流。
And to collaborate with others on the web.
并且與網絡上的其他人合作。
2.promise to 承諾
Last year he campaigned for governor with the promise to shake up state government.
去年他憑借要徹底改變州政府現狀的承諾參選紐約州州長。
France has postponed its promise to balance its budget, from 2010 to 2023.
法國承諾2010年平衡預算，但現在已經推遲到2023年。
3.fit out 供給以必需品;裝配
Retail, banking, fit out or relative projects experience.
具有零售、銀行或相關項目的裝修經驗。
He started to fit out a ship in secret.
他偷偷地著手裝備一條船。
4.pump into 注入，灌輸
Clip the pump into the bracket.
將泵卡入支架。
Minutes earlier, he had said taxpayers could expect a return on the enormous sums ofmoney the government is planning to pump into banks to ease a credit crisis.
在此之前幾分鐘，他說將從政府計劃投入大量的金錢給銀行來平息這場危機，納稅人將從這個措施中得到相應的回報。
Marine technology
船舶技術
A voyage of discovery
探索未知之旅
New technology can make ships more versatile,more efficient and cleaner, too
新技術使輪船更萬能、更高效、也更環保
IN THE days when Norsemen pillaged their way around the monasteries and villages ofEurope, Norwegian shipwrights were at the forefront of naval architecture.
早在北歐人大肆掠奪歐洲的修道院和村莊時 ，挪威的造船工人就已在造船技術方面躋身前列。
They still are.
現在他們仍然處于世界領先水平。
Norway is an important centre ofmarine innovation and several foreign companies have operations there, too.
挪威是重要的船舶創新中心，一些外國公司也在這里設有分公司。
One such is the marine division of Rolls-Royce, a British firm, which is collaborating withFarstad, a shipping company based in Alesund, and STX OSV, a shipbuilder.
其中一家便是勞斯萊斯公司在這里設立的海運部，這家英國公司與總部設在阿雷松德的Farstad航運公司以及STX OSV造船公司都擁有合作關系，
The result of their efforts is Far Solitaire, the first of a new class of vessels which bristle withnovel technology that promises to make shipping safer, cleaner and cheaper.
而他們三強通力合作的成果便是遠航明珠艦。它是一批新式輪船中第一艘運用大量創新技術的船，這些技術使得船運更安全、更環保/清潔、更低廉。
Far Solitaire has been designed as a platform-supply ship for the North Sea s oil and gasindustry.
遠航明珠艦是為了發展北海石油和天然氣開采業而設計的一艘平臺供給輪船。
This means she is not a large vessel.
這意味著它的體型并不大。
She is 91 metres long, has a deadweight of 5,700 tonnes and cost about 70m.
它長91米，載重量為5700公噸，總造價約7000萬美元。
But some of the innovations she uses should be applicable to vessels of all sizes.
但是設計該船時所運用的一些創新技術卻適用于任何大小的船只。
At the moment she is being fitted out by STX OSV at its Langsten shipyard on Tomrefjord.
目前這艘輪船還停泊在Tomrefjord的Langsten造船廠由STX OSV公司完成裝配工作。
In October she will be delivered to Farstad, who will use her to supply rigs in the region snotoriously heavy seas.
今年十月，它將被交付給Farstad公司，該公司會用它在波濤洶涌北海運送鉆探設備。
Crucially, she has to be able to hold her position while transferring cargoes that includevarious noxious materials which are employed in drilling or pumped into wells to improvethe process of extraction.
最關鍵的是，它必須在轉移貨物時保持平穩。這些貨物包含了各種有毒物質，將用于鉆井或用泵注入油井中以優化石油提取過程。
These have to be delivered to and removed from the platforms.
它們必須由船只運到鉆井平臺上，使用完后再運離平臺。
Such transfers are potentially hazardous for the people involved and for the environment.
這種運輸過程對參與者以及環境都存在著潛在的危險。
One of Far Solitaire s most important innovations is her wave-piercing hull. Below thewaterline her bow has the bulbous drag-reducing nose that has become a familiar feature ofmodern ships.
遠航明珠艦所使用的最重要的一項創新技術就是它的穿浪型船體。該輪船的吃水線下面有一個球形的大鼻子用來減少波浪帶來的阻力，這對現代輪船來說并不是什么稀奇的特點，
Above it, however, things are all new.
但它球鼻上方的構造卻是十分新鮮。
Where a standard ship s bow would have a flat foredeck, Far Solitaire s flows up and over thevessel.
按標準結構來說，輪船的船頭通常都有一塊平坦的前甲板，而遠航明珠艦的船頭卻向上突起，高過船身。
This means that instead of riding the waves, as most ships do, she can penetrate them.
這意味著與其它的乘浪行駛的輪船不同，遠航明珠艦能破浪行駛。
That is a crucial change.
這是一個十分重要的改變。
When a ship rides the waves her engines slow down and then surge as her hull rises andfalls.
當一艘船乘浪行駛時它的引擎轉速會隨著船體的上下顛簸而加快或變慢/它的引擎會隨著船體的上下顛簸或減速或加速。
By piercing the swell, Far Solitaire will be able to maintain her engines at a constant speed.
遠航明珠艦能破開涌動的海浪從而使它的引擎維持常速工作。
This will cut fuel consumption, reduce wear and tear, and make life for the crew safer andmore comfortable.
這一改變能降低輪船的油耗，減少輪船的磨損，同時使船員更加安全舒適。
Future shipshape
未來新船舶技術
Far Solitaire is powered by a conventional diesel-electric system consisting of three enginesconnected to generators that run electric motors.
遠航明珠艦由一個傳統的柴電推進系統驅動，該系統由三個引擎組成，而這三個引擎又與運行著馬達的發電機相連接。
The thrusters which those electric motors drive, however, are anything but conventional.
但是那些馬達所驅動的推進器卻遠非尋常。
The main pair are stern-mounted Azipull propellers. These are similar to the azimuththrusters already used on some vessels: propellers on pods that can be rotated to push theship in different directions, making a rudder unnecessary.
其中最重要的一對是安裝在船尾的Azipull螺旋槳，它們與一些輪船已經在使用的方位推進器有點相似：分離艙上可旋轉的螺旋槳能夠推動船駛向不同的方向，這樣就不必再使用船舵。
But the Rolls-Royce Azipull has the propeller at the front of the pod rather than the back.
但是勞斯萊斯公司將Azipull螺旋槳裝在了分離艙的前端而非尾部，
That means the propeller operates in a smoother flow of water, which improves efficiencyand assists steering.
這意味著螺旋槳能在更平穩的水流中工作，從而提高效率，方便輪船的行駛。
This design has been made possible using computational fluid dynamics to perfect the shapesof the blades and pods.
設計師通過計算流體力學完善舵葉與分離艙的形狀，使得這種設計成為可能。
Further control is provided by two bow thrusters. These are propellers mounted intransverse tunnels in the hull, to help position the craft and hold her stable while alongsidea rig.
其他操控設備還有船首側推裝置，它是安裝在船體橫向通道中的兩個推進器，用來幫助輪船進行定位并在船上裝載鉆探時保持船體平穩。
And there is also an azimuth thruster that can be swung down from the forward part of thehull if an extra push is required.
另外在需要額外推力時還有方位推進器可從船體前方擺下。
All of these propulsion systems are handled by moving one of the joysticks next to thecaptain s chair in a bridge with a 360 view that looks more suitable for the starshipEnterprise than what is, after all, a souped-up freighter.
船長只要移動駕駛室座椅邊的操縱桿就能控制這些推進裝置，這個擁有360全方位視角的駕駛室看起來更適合進取號星艦，而不僅僅是普通的貨船，因為后者只不過是加了馬力的船舶而已。
The consequences of moving the joystick can, fortunately, be practised on shore without riskto ship or platform, courtesy of a new 360 bridge simulator in Rolls-Royce smarine-training centre in Alesund.
幸好移動操控桿的效果能在阿雷松德船舶訓練中心進行試驗，勞斯萊斯公司在這里建有一個360全方位視角的模擬駕駛室，有了岸上的訓練就能避免給輪船和鉆井平臺帶來危險。
The captain can also call on the assistance of an electronic positioning system that uses acombination of data from satellites, gyrocompasses, and wind and motion sensors tooperate the thrusters automatically.
另外，船長還能從電子定位系統中獲取幫助，該系統能結合衛星、回轉羅盤、風能和運動傳感器三者的數據自動操控推進器。
Solid freight is carried on a deck that has an area of 1,020 square metres.
固體貨物會被安置在一個面積達1020平方米的甲板上，
Liquids, meanwhile, are stored below deck in tanks, each of which is fitted with its ownpumping system, in order to avoid the risk of mixing substances best kept separate.
而液體貨物則會被存儲在甲板下的液貨艙中，每種液體對應相應的抽運系統以避免不宜混合放置的液體攪拌在一起。
Borge Nakken, who is in charge of technology and development at Farstad, expects FarSolitaire to use about 40% less fuel than a conventional vessel of the same size that iscarrying out similar tasks.
Borge Nakken是Farstad公司技術與發展部門的負責人，他預期，在執行相似任務時，遠航明珠艦的耗油量將比同樣大小的傳統型輪船少40%，
This is a remarkable saving, and although she is a small, specialist vessel, many of herfeatures, particularly the new bow and the more efficient system of propellers, could helpreduce fuel consumption and emission levels in larger ships as well.
其耗油量的減少是十分顯著的。盡管遠航明珠艦是一艘專用型小輪船，但它的許多性能特別是新的船頭以及更加高效的推進器都可以同樣利用在大型船只上以減少耗油量與排放量。
Stricter regulations on ships emissions are on their wayincluding, in particular, newcontrols for vessels in the North Sea and the Baltic, and off the coast of North America.
有關部門正在制定更加嚴格的輪船排放標準，特別是針對北海、波羅的海和北美沿海的船只。
That means shipowners who wish to ply these waters will have to stop using bunker fuel topower their vessels because burning it produces too much sulphur dioxide, nitrogen oxidesand soot.
這意味著船主想要在這些水域航行就必須停止使用船用燃料油因為它們在燃燒過程中會釋放過多的二氧化硫、氮氧化合物和煤煙。
That gives extra impetus for technology of the sort being tested in Far Solitaire.
這給遠航明珠艦上所試用的那種新技術的發展帶來了額外的推動力。
And this time no villages will have to be pillaged to pay for it.
而這次，沒有村莊會因此再遭受掠奪了。
詞語解釋
1.collaborate with 合作，與敵人合作
Stimulate interaction between segments of thecompany that traditionally don t connect orcollaborate with each other.
促進公司中那些傳統上來說沒有聯系與合作的部門的交流。
And to collaborate with others on the web.
并且與網絡上的其他人合作。
2.promise to 承諾
Last year he campaigned for governor with the promise to shake up state government.
去年他憑借要徹底改變州政府現狀的承諾參選紐約州州長。
France has postponed its promise to balance its budget, from 2010 to 2023.
法國承諾2010年平衡預算，但現在已經推遲到2023年。
3.fit out 供給以必需品;裝配
Retail, banking, fit out or relative projects experience.
具有零售、銀行或相關項目的裝修經驗。
He started to fit out a ship in secret.
他偷偷地著手裝備一條船。
4.pump into 注入，灌輸
Clip the pump into the bracket.
將泵卡入支架。
Minutes earlier, he had said taxpayers could expect a return on the enormous sums ofmoney the government is planning to pump into banks to ease a credit crisis.
在此之前幾分鐘，他說將從政府計劃投入大量的金錢給銀行來平息這場危機，納稅人將從這個措施中得到相應的回報。
