2023考研英語閱讀英石油在俄國
BP in Russia
英石油在俄國
Dancing with bears
與熊共舞
BP s Russian venture is already proving trickierthan expected
已有跡象表明英石油的俄羅斯冒險比預期的更為艱險
TONY HAYWARD, BP s ex-boss, once moaned thathe wanted his life back.
英石油的前總裁托尼海沃德有一次抱怨說他希望回到從前。
That was after an oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico last year, which the British oil giant expectswill end up costing it more than $40 billion.
他說這話是在去年的墨西哥灣漏油事件之后，該事件使得這家英國石油巨頭預計會損失400多億美元。
BP, too, is struggling to get its old life back, even after apologising, helping with the clean-up,dumping Mr Hayward and taking a huge write-off.
英石油現在也在掙扎著想回到從前，即使它又是道歉，又是幫著清理了漏油，還炒了海沃德先生的魷魚，賬面價值也大幅縮水，還是于事無補。
On February 1st it announced its final, awful, results for 2010: a loss of $4.9 billion.
二月一日英石油發布了該公司2010年最終年度報告，真是糟糕透頂：全年虧損49億美元。
That was BP s first loss since 1992, but the company fondly hopes that it will now have anopportunity to move on.
這是英石油自1992年來首次虧損，但是它卻癡望會有機會擺脫困境，繼續前進。
It would like to direct the world sattention to its efforts to improve safety, its plan to start paying dividends once again thisyear and its ideas for the future.
英石油正在努力提升安全標準，并打算今年重新開始發付股息，它對未來也頗有盤算，希望借此吸引全世界的注意。
Alas, some of those plans are already hitting obstacles.
可惜，英石油的一些盤算現在就已經觸礁了。
Two weeks ago BP announced a new partnership with Rosneft, Russia s state-controlled oilgiant, that will see the companies exploring a large and promising part of Russia s Arcticregion for oil.
兩周前，英石油宣布與俄羅斯石油巨頭俄羅斯國家石油建立新的合作關系。這使得這兩家公司有望聯合勘探俄羅斯北極圈內的廣闊而富饒的領土以尋找石油。
The deal gives BP access to Russian reserves which are normally kept out of foreign reach.
這樁交易使得英石油能夠開采一般外國企業無法企及的俄羅斯石油資源。
In return Rosneft will get 5% of BP s shares, making it one of the largest shareholders.
而俄羅斯國家石油則將獲得英石油5%的股份，使得它成為英石油最大的股東。
It will also share BP s expertise and technology.
此外，俄羅斯國家石油還能夠分享英石油的經驗和技術。
The deal sparked a furious row between BP and its partners in TNK-BP, a Russian oilcompany run as a joint venture between BP and a few Russian oligarchs.
但這樁交易卻引發了英石油與其在秋明-英國石油中的合作者的激烈爭吵，秋明-英國石油是一家俄羅斯石油公司，由英石油和一些俄羅斯寡頭合辦。
On the same day that BP s results were announced, a judge in London granted a requestby Alfa-Access-Renova, the vehicle through which Russian partners hold their stake inTNK-BP, that the Rosneft deal be put on ice until at least February 25th.
在英石油年終報告出爐的當天，倫敦的一名法官批準了Alfa-Acess-Renova集團關于暫停英石油與俄羅斯國家石油的那樁交易至少暫停到二月二十五日的請求。AAR集團是英石油的俄羅斯合作者們借以控制他們在秋明-英國石油中股份的媒介。
AAR argues that TNK-BP is meant to enjoy an exclusive right to develop any further deals inRussia to which BP might be a party.
AAR集團認為該集團對于任何在俄羅斯達成的并有英石油參與的新交易，都享有獨家權力。
It complains that BP has stiffed it.
它投訴英石油有欺詐行為。
BP is acting more Russian than a Russian firm, says one of AAR s largest shareholders. AARhas also moved to block a dividend from TNK-BP that would have yielded BP $900m.
英石油比俄國企業還要有俄國味，AAR集團的一名大股東說道。AAR集團還申請秋明-英國石油停止付給英石油9億美元的股息收入。
At a press conference Bob Dudley, BP s new boss, said that it had been impossible for BPto talk to AAR in advance of the Rosneft deal because of the market sensitivity of the shareswap involved, and that BP and its partners would be headed for arbitration on the matterregardless of the court verdict.
在一場資訊發布會上，英石油的新老板鮑勃達得利表示在與俄羅斯國家石油達成交易之前就給AAR集團透風是不可能的，因為對于股權交換，市場一向很敏感。對于該交易引發的爭端，盡管有法庭裁定，英石油及其合作者們還是會尋求仲裁解決。
He says he expects to come to a settlement quite easily, and that one of BP s strengths is itslong history of involvement with Russia, which contributes about 10% of BP s profits.
達得利說他預計他們能夠很輕松的解決爭端。英石油長期與俄羅斯的生意往來是其力量源泉之一，該公司10%的利潤都來自俄國。
At least some of this history, however, consists of misjudging Russian politics and quarrellingwith its partners.
但是在這段交往史中，英石油有時對俄國政治狀況及該公司與其合作者之間的爭端作出了錯誤的判斷。
When BP formed its joint venture with TNK in 2003, oligarchs seemed the partners of choicefor getting things done in Russia.
2003年，當英石油與秋明石油合作成立秋明-英國石油的時候，俄羅斯的寡頭們似乎是英石油在俄羅斯獲得成功的正確選擇。
But in 2008, having judged that the ultimate power in Russia lay with state energycompanies, BP went behind the backs of its private Russian partners to negotiate a deal withGazprom, the state-controlled gas behemoth.
但是到了2008年，英石油看出俄羅斯的最終權力還是握在國有能源公司手里，于是它背著它在俄國的私人合作者與俄羅斯的國有天然氣巨頭俄羅斯天然氣工業股份公司商談一筆交易。
This did not go down well.
這件事情可讓其他人接受不了。
BP underestimated the power of Mikhail Fridman, one of its oligarch partners.
英石油低估了米哈伊爾弗里德曼的實力，弗里德曼是一名俄羅斯寡頭，也是英石油的一名合作伙伴。
A self-made entrepreneur, Mr Fridman got rich in the 1990s and then consolidated hisbusiness under Vladimir Putin while remaining his own mana trick few have managed.
弗里德曼白手起家，在上世紀90年代發了財。弗拉基米爾普京當政期間弗里德曼不僅鞏固了自己的業務，還保持毫發無損能做到這一點的人可不多。
BP s attempt to outplay Russian oligarchs at their own game of power politics failed.
英石油企圖在俄國寡頭們所熟習的強權政治游戲中擊敗他們，但是遭到了失敗。
Mr Fridman pulled strings, Gazprom disengaged and Mr Dudley, then the chief executiveof TNK-BP, had to flee Russia.
由于弗里德曼先生的幕后操縱，俄羅斯天然氣工業股份公司退出了與英石油的合作，當時的秋明-英國石油總裁達得利先生也不得不逃離俄羅斯。
Purported diplomatic cables published by WikiLeaks suggest that Igor Sechin, the deputyprime minister and chairman of Rosneft, BP s new partner, was co-operating with Alfa MrFridman s firm and played a part in Mr Dudley s ouster.
據說維基解密公布的外交密電透露俄羅斯副總理，俄羅斯國家石油董事長伊戈爾謝琴曾與阿爾法集團弗里德曼先生的企業聯手趕走達得利先生。
Of oil and oligarchs
關于石油和寡頭
Now BP is in bed with Rosneft and has shaken hands with Mr Sechin, who is widely seen asthe architect of the attack on Yukos, an oil firm that was dismantled with scant regard tothe law in 2004.
現在，英石油與謝琴先生已經握手言歡，和俄羅斯國家石油達成了合作。人們廣泛認為謝琴是攻擊尤科斯石油的始作俑者。2004年，盡管法律依據不足，尤科斯石油仍然被迫解體。
Yukos s main shareholder, Mikhail Khodorkovsky, is now in jail.
尤科斯的主要股東，米哈伊爾 霍多科夫斯基則鋃鐺入獄。
He was ostentatiously given a second prison sentence just as the BP-Rosneft deal wasannounced.
在英石油和俄羅斯國家石油宣布其交易之時，霍多科夫斯基又被大張聲勢地追加刑罰。
BP may become embroiled in the legal battle over Yukos s assets, which were swallowed byRosneft.
由于尤科斯的資產主要被俄羅斯國家石油吞并，英石油因此有可能被卷入到圍繞尤科斯的資產而展開的法律爭斗之中。
But first the British firm faces a fight with Mr Fridman.
但是英石油首先得面對一場與弗里德曼先生的斗爭。
If BP assumed that its partnership with Rosneft meant that Mr Fridman would not dare toprotest, and that Mr Sechin would always take BP s side, it may have miscalculated.
如果英石油認為它與俄羅斯國家石油的合作關系意味著弗里德曼先生不敢抗議，認為謝琴先生會一直站在英石油這一邊，那它可能就盤算錯了。
The legal challenge from AAR is said to come with the full knowledge and approval of theKremlin.
據說克里姆林宮對AAR集團借助法律向英石油發難一事了解的一清二楚，并且它鼎力支持AAR集團的舉動。
BP has a very simplistic view of the power structure in Russia, says Mr Fridman.
英石油對俄羅斯的權力結構的考慮過于簡單，弗里德曼先生說。
AAR does not have any interest in destroying Rosneft s $16 billion deal with BP.
AAR集團對于毀掉俄羅斯國家石油與英石油的這樁160億美元的交易沒有絲毫興趣。
But equally Mr Sechin is unlikely to stand in Mr Fridman s way when he demands that BPcompensate AAR handsomely.
但同樣的一旦弗里德曼先生要求英石油給予AAR集團一筆可觀的賠款時，謝琴先生也不大可能會擋弗里德曼的道。
Rather than wanting to chase Mr Dudley away again, the Kremlin and AAR are keen to drawBP deeper into Russian business and gain more influence over it.
克里姆林宮以及AAR集團更希望將英石油拖進俄羅斯商界深處并且能夠對它施加更多的影響，而不是想把達得利先生再次趕走。
Rosneft wants to transform itself into a respectable global oil firm, using its relationshipwith BP as a stepping-stone.
俄羅斯國家石油企圖以其與英石油的關系作為墊腳石，將自己轉變為一家受人尊敬的全球性石油企業。
BP must surely have its qualms about this; but all the parties interests are at least alignedon one thing.
英石油當然會對此有所疑慮;但各方起碼還是有一個利益一致處，
They want those Arctic oilfields to make money.
那就是他們都想靠北極油田賺錢。
As Mr Dudley affirmed this week, BP s long-term strategy is to keep searching for oil, whichis more lucrative than gas.
正如達得利先生本周所證實，英石油的長期戰略就是不斷探尋石油。石油比天然氣更賺錢。
And with more and more of the world s oil being produced by state-owned oil firms, privateones need to go to greater extremes, both technologically and politically, to stay in thegame.
而因為世界上越來越多的石油都為國有石油企業所生產，私人石油企業就不得不在技術上和政治上不斷超越極限，以求在行業中繼續求得生存。
BP in Russia
英石油在俄國
Dancing with bears
與熊共舞
BP s Russian venture is already proving trickierthan expected
已有跡象表明英石油的俄羅斯冒險比預期的更為艱險
TONY HAYWARD, BP s ex-boss, once moaned thathe wanted his life back.
英石油的前總裁托尼海沃德有一次抱怨說他希望回到從前。
That was after an oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico last year, which the British oil giant expectswill end up costing it more than $40 billion.
他說這話是在去年的墨西哥灣漏油事件之后，該事件使得這家英國石油巨頭預計會損失400多億美元。
BP, too, is struggling to get its old life back, even after apologising, helping with the clean-up,dumping Mr Hayward and taking a huge write-off.
英石油現在也在掙扎著想回到從前，即使它又是道歉，又是幫著清理了漏油，還炒了海沃德先生的魷魚，賬面價值也大幅縮水，還是于事無補。
On February 1st it announced its final, awful, results for 2010: a loss of $4.9 billion.
二月一日英石油發布了該公司2010年最終年度報告，真是糟糕透頂：全年虧損49億美元。
That was BP s first loss since 1992, but the company fondly hopes that it will now have anopportunity to move on.
這是英石油自1992年來首次虧損，但是它卻癡望會有機會擺脫困境，繼續前進。
It would like to direct the world sattention to its efforts to improve safety, its plan to start paying dividends once again thisyear and its ideas for the future.
英石油正在努力提升安全標準，并打算今年重新開始發付股息，它對未來也頗有盤算，希望借此吸引全世界的注意。
Alas, some of those plans are already hitting obstacles.
可惜，英石油的一些盤算現在就已經觸礁了。
Two weeks ago BP announced a new partnership with Rosneft, Russia s state-controlled oilgiant, that will see the companies exploring a large and promising part of Russia s Arcticregion for oil.
兩周前，英石油宣布與俄羅斯石油巨頭俄羅斯國家石油建立新的合作關系。這使得這兩家公司有望聯合勘探俄羅斯北極圈內的廣闊而富饒的領土以尋找石油。
The deal gives BP access to Russian reserves which are normally kept out of foreign reach.
這樁交易使得英石油能夠開采一般外國企業無法企及的俄羅斯石油資源。
In return Rosneft will get 5% of BP s shares, making it one of the largest shareholders.
而俄羅斯國家石油則將獲得英石油5%的股份，使得它成為英石油最大的股東。
It will also share BP s expertise and technology.
此外，俄羅斯國家石油還能夠分享英石油的經驗和技術。
The deal sparked a furious row between BP and its partners in TNK-BP, a Russian oilcompany run as a joint venture between BP and a few Russian oligarchs.
但這樁交易卻引發了英石油與其在秋明-英國石油中的合作者的激烈爭吵，秋明-英國石油是一家俄羅斯石油公司，由英石油和一些俄羅斯寡頭合辦。
On the same day that BP s results were announced, a judge in London granted a requestby Alfa-Access-Renova, the vehicle through which Russian partners hold their stake inTNK-BP, that the Rosneft deal be put on ice until at least February 25th.
在英石油年終報告出爐的當天，倫敦的一名法官批準了Alfa-Acess-Renova集團關于暫停英石油與俄羅斯國家石油的那樁交易至少暫停到二月二十五日的請求。AAR集團是英石油的俄羅斯合作者們借以控制他們在秋明-英國石油中股份的媒介。
AAR argues that TNK-BP is meant to enjoy an exclusive right to develop any further deals inRussia to which BP might be a party.
AAR集團認為該集團對于任何在俄羅斯達成的并有英石油參與的新交易，都享有獨家權力。
It complains that BP has stiffed it.
它投訴英石油有欺詐行為。
BP is acting more Russian than a Russian firm, says one of AAR s largest shareholders. AARhas also moved to block a dividend from TNK-BP that would have yielded BP $900m.
英石油比俄國企業還要有俄國味，AAR集團的一名大股東說道。AAR集團還申請秋明-英國石油停止付給英石油9億美元的股息收入。
At a press conference Bob Dudley, BP s new boss, said that it had been impossible for BPto talk to AAR in advance of the Rosneft deal because of the market sensitivity of the shareswap involved, and that BP and its partners would be headed for arbitration on the matterregardless of the court verdict.
在一場資訊發布會上，英石油的新老板鮑勃達得利表示在與俄羅斯國家石油達成交易之前就給AAR集團透風是不可能的，因為對于股權交換，市場一向很敏感。對于該交易引發的爭端，盡管有法庭裁定，英石油及其合作者們還是會尋求仲裁解決。
He says he expects to come to a settlement quite easily, and that one of BP s strengths is itslong history of involvement with Russia, which contributes about 10% of BP s profits.
達得利說他預計他們能夠很輕松的解決爭端。英石油長期與俄羅斯的生意往來是其力量源泉之一，該公司10%的利潤都來自俄國。
At least some of this history, however, consists of misjudging Russian politics and quarrellingwith its partners.
但是在這段交往史中，英石油有時對俄國政治狀況及該公司與其合作者之間的爭端作出了錯誤的判斷。
When BP formed its joint venture with TNK in 2003, oligarchs seemed the partners of choicefor getting things done in Russia.
2003年，當英石油與秋明石油合作成立秋明-英國石油的時候，俄羅斯的寡頭們似乎是英石油在俄羅斯獲得成功的正確選擇。
But in 2008, having judged that the ultimate power in Russia lay with state energycompanies, BP went behind the backs of its private Russian partners to negotiate a deal withGazprom, the state-controlled gas behemoth.
但是到了2008年，英石油看出俄羅斯的最終權力還是握在國有能源公司手里，于是它背著它在俄國的私人合作者與俄羅斯的國有天然氣巨頭俄羅斯天然氣工業股份公司商談一筆交易。
This did not go down well.
這件事情可讓其他人接受不了。
BP underestimated the power of Mikhail Fridman, one of its oligarch partners.
英石油低估了米哈伊爾弗里德曼的實力，弗里德曼是一名俄羅斯寡頭，也是英石油的一名合作伙伴。
A self-made entrepreneur, Mr Fridman got rich in the 1990s and then consolidated hisbusiness under Vladimir Putin while remaining his own mana trick few have managed.
弗里德曼白手起家，在上世紀90年代發了財。弗拉基米爾普京當政期間弗里德曼不僅鞏固了自己的業務，還保持毫發無損能做到這一點的人可不多。
BP s attempt to outplay Russian oligarchs at their own game of power politics failed.
英石油企圖在俄國寡頭們所熟習的強權政治游戲中擊敗他們，但是遭到了失敗。
Mr Fridman pulled strings, Gazprom disengaged and Mr Dudley, then the chief executiveof TNK-BP, had to flee Russia.
由于弗里德曼先生的幕后操縱，俄羅斯天然氣工業股份公司退出了與英石油的合作，當時的秋明-英國石油總裁達得利先生也不得不逃離俄羅斯。
Purported diplomatic cables published by WikiLeaks suggest that Igor Sechin, the deputyprime minister and chairman of Rosneft, BP s new partner, was co-operating with Alfa MrFridman s firm and played a part in Mr Dudley s ouster.
據說維基解密公布的外交密電透露俄羅斯副總理，俄羅斯國家石油董事長伊戈爾謝琴曾與阿爾法集團弗里德曼先生的企業聯手趕走達得利先生。
Of oil and oligarchs
關于石油和寡頭
Now BP is in bed with Rosneft and has shaken hands with Mr Sechin, who is widely seen asthe architect of the attack on Yukos, an oil firm that was dismantled with scant regard tothe law in 2004.
現在，英石油與謝琴先生已經握手言歡，和俄羅斯國家石油達成了合作。人們廣泛認為謝琴是攻擊尤科斯石油的始作俑者。2004年，盡管法律依據不足，尤科斯石油仍然被迫解體。
Yukos s main shareholder, Mikhail Khodorkovsky, is now in jail.
尤科斯的主要股東，米哈伊爾 霍多科夫斯基則鋃鐺入獄。
He was ostentatiously given a second prison sentence just as the BP-Rosneft deal wasannounced.
在英石油和俄羅斯國家石油宣布其交易之時，霍多科夫斯基又被大張聲勢地追加刑罰。
BP may become embroiled in the legal battle over Yukos s assets, which were swallowed byRosneft.
由于尤科斯的資產主要被俄羅斯國家石油吞并，英石油因此有可能被卷入到圍繞尤科斯的資產而展開的法律爭斗之中。
But first the British firm faces a fight with Mr Fridman.
但是英石油首先得面對一場與弗里德曼先生的斗爭。
If BP assumed that its partnership with Rosneft meant that Mr Fridman would not dare toprotest, and that Mr Sechin would always take BP s side, it may have miscalculated.
如果英石油認為它與俄羅斯國家石油的合作關系意味著弗里德曼先生不敢抗議，認為謝琴先生會一直站在英石油這一邊，那它可能就盤算錯了。
The legal challenge from AAR is said to come with the full knowledge and approval of theKremlin.
據說克里姆林宮對AAR集團借助法律向英石油發難一事了解的一清二楚，并且它鼎力支持AAR集團的舉動。
BP has a very simplistic view of the power structure in Russia, says Mr Fridman.
英石油對俄羅斯的權力結構的考慮過于簡單，弗里德曼先生說。
AAR does not have any interest in destroying Rosneft s $16 billion deal with BP.
AAR集團對于毀掉俄羅斯國家石油與英石油的這樁160億美元的交易沒有絲毫興趣。
But equally Mr Sechin is unlikely to stand in Mr Fridman s way when he demands that BPcompensate AAR handsomely.
但同樣的一旦弗里德曼先生要求英石油給予AAR集團一筆可觀的賠款時，謝琴先生也不大可能會擋弗里德曼的道。
Rather than wanting to chase Mr Dudley away again, the Kremlin and AAR are keen to drawBP deeper into Russian business and gain more influence over it.
克里姆林宮以及AAR集團更希望將英石油拖進俄羅斯商界深處并且能夠對它施加更多的影響，而不是想把達得利先生再次趕走。
Rosneft wants to transform itself into a respectable global oil firm, using its relationshipwith BP as a stepping-stone.
俄羅斯國家石油企圖以其與英石油的關系作為墊腳石，將自己轉變為一家受人尊敬的全球性石油企業。
BP must surely have its qualms about this; but all the parties interests are at least alignedon one thing.
英石油當然會對此有所疑慮;但各方起碼還是有一個利益一致處，
They want those Arctic oilfields to make money.
那就是他們都想靠北極油田賺錢。
As Mr Dudley affirmed this week, BP s long-term strategy is to keep searching for oil, whichis more lucrative than gas.
正如達得利先生本周所證實，英石油的長期戰略就是不斷探尋石油。石油比天然氣更賺錢。
And with more and more of the world s oil being produced by state-owned oil firms, privateones need to go to greater extremes, both technologically and politically, to stay in thegame.
而因為世界上越來越多的石油都為國有石油企業所生產，私人石油企業就不得不在技術上和政治上不斷超越極限，以求在行業中繼續求得生存。
