?

　　(一) 知識概要?

　　連詞是一種在句子與句子之間，短語之間以及名詞等其他詞語之間起連接作用的虛詞，它不能單獨作句子的成份。按其意義可分為并列連詞和從屬連詞兩大類。?并列連詞連接的雙方是對等的。常有的并列連詞有and, bothand, eitheror, neithernor， not onlybut also, as well as等。但如果連接的兩部分意義不趨向一致，意義有轉折的并列連詞有：but, however, while (而)，only (只不過)。還有表示選擇關系的并列連詞，如：or, or else, otherwise 再有的是連接雙方，互為因果，或表示前因后果的連詞有：for, so, therefore (因此)，then等。?從屬連詞在初中范圍內常常用來連接名詞性從句，如：that, if, whether, 其次用來連接狀語從句。其中有原因狀語從句，常用的連接詞有：when while, as, since, before, after, once, as soon as, until, till 連接條件狀語的連詞有：if, unless, as long as 等，而原因狀語的連接詞有because, since, as, now that (既然)。目的、結果、方式、比較、地點等狀語從句的連接詞有：so that, sothat, suchthat, asas, than, where 它們在句子與文章中幾乎無處不見。?具體用法見下表。?

　　連詞用法一覽表

　　種類 功用 例句

　　并列連詞 連接具有并列關系的 詞 He knows neither English nor French.

　　短語 Are you going by bus or on foot?

　　分句 Mary was a good girl, but she had one shortcoming.

　　從屬連詞 引導： 狀語從句 I'll do it as you told me.

　　You will be late unless you hurry.

　　連接代詞和連接副詞 主語從句 What he said proved true.

　　When we'll start has not been decided yet.

　　表語從句 This is why he didn't come yesterday.

　　That is where he lives.

　　賓語從句 The man asked me which I liked best.?

　　I can't understand why she is so late.

　　關系代詞和關系副詞 定語從句 Nicotine is a drug that gets one into the habit of smoking.?

　　He came last night when I was out.

　　(二) 正誤辨析?

　　［誤］ Both my parents are not here. They went to the concert just now.?

　?。壅?Neither of my parents is here. They went to the concert just now.?

　　［析］ 在英語中both一般用于肯定句中，如用于否定句中，其意義也不同于漢語，如：Both of us are not right. 在英語中應被理解為我們倆不都對。而Neither of us is right。 才能被理解為我們倆無一正確。?

　　［誤］ He or his parents has some tickets for the film.?

　?。壅?He or his parents have some tickets for the film.?

　?。畚觯?由or 連接兩主語時，謂語動詞應與相臨近的那一個主語保持一致。?

　　［誤］ You should study hard, and you won't pass the exam.?

　?。壅?You should study hard, or you won't pass the exam.?

　?。畚觯?or作為連詞，這里的意思為否則。又如：Hurry up, or you'll be late for school.

　?。壅`］ Though he is poor, but he is ready to help others.?

　?。壅?Though he is poor, he is ready to help others.?

　?。壅?He is poor, but he is ready to help others.?

　　［析］ 雖然但是是中文中的常用結構，但在英文中用了雖然則不要用但是，用了但是則不能再用雖然，二者只可用其一。?

　?。壅`］ Either you or I are on duty.?

　　［正］ Either you or I am on duty.?

　?。畚觯?eitheror 連接兩個主語時，其謂語動詞與相臨近的一個主語相呼應，這也叫作就近原則。類似的用法還有or, neither nor, not onlybut also等。?

　?。壅`］ Tom is our English teacher and teaching English in our school now.?

　?。壅?Tom is our English teacher and is teaching English in our school now.?

　?。畚觯?并列句中常常在后面的句子中作一些省略，以免重復，但不是所有詞都可作任意的省略的。當你連接的是兩個系動詞時，后面的那個系動詞不可省略，也就是講連接的部分不可省略。?

　　［誤］ My father likes swimming and to collect stamps.?

　?。壅?My father likes swimming and collecting stamps.?

　　［析］ 由并列連詞連接的兩個部分要保持相等的語法結構。如是動名詞則都用動名詞，如用不定式則都應用不定式，這是初學者要注意的一點。?

　　［誤］ My father is reading a newspaper, I am doing my homework.?

　?。壅?My father is reading a newspaper while I am doing my homework.?

　?。畚觯?兩個并列句中間不可用逗號連接，要用并列連詞來連接。?

　?。壅`］ My father asked me that if I wanted to learn how to drive.?

　　［正］ My father asked me if I wanted to learn how to drive.?

　　［析］ 賓語從句的連接詞只能有一個不能重復使用。?

　　［誤］ We will go both to Beijing and Shanghai.?

　　［正］ We will go to both Beijing and Shanghai.?

　　［析］ 用bothand作連接詞時，其相連接的部分結構也要相同。?

　　［誤］ Not only Mary but also her brothers is going to dance.?

　　［正］ Not only Mary but also her brothers are going to dance.?

　?。畚觯?由not only but also連接兩個主語時，其重點在其后面的那一個主語，所以謂語形式應采用就近原則。?

　?。壅`］ The teacher as well as his students are coming.?

　?。壅?The teacher as well as his students is coming.?

　?。畚觯?由as well as 連接兩個主語時，謂語動詞與as well as 后面的名詞無關，而與前面的名詞相一致。?

　?。壅`］ Tom does not swim nor play football.?

　　［正］ Tom does not swim or play football.?

　?。畚觯?nor主要用于連接句子的對等連詞，如在否定句中連接某一部分時要用or, 但要注意句子的含意，如：This animal does not like a cow or a horse. 這個動物既不像牛也不像馬。This animal does not like a cow but a horse. 這個動物不像牛而像馬。?

　?。壅`］ For there is no light in the classroom. The students must have gone home.

　　［正］ The students must have gone home, for there is no light in the classroom.

　?。畚觯?由for引出的原因狀語從句在使用時要注意不能將該從句置于句 首，而應置于主句之后，并在主句與從句之間加一逗號。更要注意的是because, as, since與for 4個表示原因的連詞中because是因果關系，是最強的一個，而for是最弱的一個。有些語法書中干脆把for叫做并列連詞

　?。壅`］ My brother will pass the English exam is no question.?

　?。壅?That my brother will pass the English exam is no question.?

　?。畚觯?主語從句的引導詞that是不可省略的。這一點不要和賓語從句的引導詞相提并論。

　?。壅`］ This map will show you how will you get to the hotel.?

　?。壅?This map will show you how you will get to the hotel.?

　?。畚觯?名詞性從句作賓語從句使用時，最重要的一點是要用陳述語句。特別要注意的是那些使用雙賓語的動詞，如：tell, ask, show?

　?。壅`］ While the clock struch ten, all the lights went out.?

　　［正］ When the clock struck ten, all the lights went out.?

　?。畚觯?while是強調兩個動作在同時進行中，如：While I am doing myhomework, my father is reading a newspaper. 而這里的when是正當某某時刻，就在這一時間點上，其重點強調在某一特定時刻某動作的發生。?

　　［誤］ While I was walking along the street yesterday, I met an old friend.?

　　［正］ When I was walking along the street yesterday, I met an old friend.?

　?。畚觯?這里用when表達在一個動作的進行中，另一個動作突然發生了。正在進行的動作用一進行時態，而突然發生的動作用一般時態。?

　　［誤］ While I heard the bad news I felt sad.?

　　［正］ When I heard the bad news, I felt sad.?

　?。畚觯?while不能表達一點兒的時間，即瞬時某一時間點。?

　　［誤］ After school some students play football, or others go to the library.

　?。壅?After school some students play football, while others go to the library.

　　［析］ while在此處意為而，然而。?

　　［誤］ She sang when she walked along the dark street.?

　?。壅?She sang as she walked along the dark street.?

　?。畚觯?as用于句中時，其要點是強調兩個動作的同時進行。這里用when雖然不能講是語法上的錯誤，但則看不出來小女孩因獨自走黑暗的街道因害怕而唱歌的心情。?

　?。壅`］ I finished my homework until twelve o'clock last night.?

　　［正］ I didn't finished my homework until twelve o'clock last night.?

　?。壅?I did my homework until twelve o'clock last night.?

　?。畚觯?until用在句中時其含義是某一動作一直持續到某時結束，那么句中的動詞則一定要用持續性動詞，如果要用瞬間，或截止性動詞時一定要用否定句式。因截止性動作的否定式應看作是持續性的動作。如離開leave是瞬間動作，因一出門即為離開了，而不離開則是長時間的。?

　?。壅`］ I have studied English when I was twelve.?

　　［正］ I have studied English since I was twelve.?

　?。畚觯?since引出的時間狀語從句是表達了一個時間點，而這個時間點是主句動作的啟始點，所以主句一般要用完成時態。?

　?。壅`］ Because he didn't study hard, so he didn't pass the exam. ?

　　［正］ He didn't pass the exam because he didn't study hard.?

　?。畚觯?because 與 so在英文中兩者不能并用的，只能在句中用其一。?

　?。壅`］ He was such excited that he could not speak.?

　　［正］ He was so excited that he could not speak.?

　?。畚觯?so與such的用法可以分為四種情況，①用于單數可數名詞之前，其格式是such+不定冠詞+形容詞+單數可數名詞，如：It is such a beautiful book that every child likes it. 也可以用so, 其格式是so+形容詞+不定冠詞+單數可數名詞，如：It was so beautiful a book that every child likes it. ②在不可數名詞前或可數名詞復數前這時只能用such, 如：It is such good weather that we want to swim. 又如：They are such good students that they can pass the exam easily. ③在few, little， much, many 這4個字前只能用so而不能用such, 如：I have so much money that I can buy everything I want. ④當that前只有形容詞或副詞時，這時只能用so, 如：She is so beautiful that every one likes her. He ran so fast that I couldn't keep up with him.?

　?。壅`］ He got up earlier this morning so as to that he could catch the first bus.

　?。壅?He got up earlier this morning so as to catch the first bus.?

　　［正］ He got up so earlier that he could catch the first bus.?

　　［析］ sothat與so that的用法有相同之處，那就是其后接從句，而so as to 其后要接不定式，即動詞原形。這樣的詞組還有：in order to。?

　?。壅`］ I want to buy same stamp that you have.?

　　［正］ I want to buy the same stamp as you have.?

　?。畚觯?the sameas (that)這是個固定用法，在same前的定冠詞是不能少的。而the samethat意為我要的就是那一個。而the sameas為要的是和一樣的東西。

　?。壅`］ Before I do not give you the answer, I'll ask you some questions.?

　　［正］ Before I give you the answer, I'll ask you some questions.?

　?。畚觯?這種錯誤是由于受中文的影響。在中文中可以講我沒給你答案前。而英文用了before就不要再用否定句了。?

　　(三) 例題解析?

　　1? We bought Granny a present, ＿＿＿ she didn't like it.?

　　A. but B. and

　　C. or D. so ?

　　［答案］ A. ?

　?。畚觯?由于句意的原因，應選擇轉折連詞。?

　　2? Run quickly, ＿＿＿ we'll miss the early train.?

　　A. and B. but

　　C. so D. or ?

　　［答案］ D. ?

　?。畚觯?or這里應譯為：否則。?

　　3? I'll give the book to him ＿＿＿ he comes back.?

　　A. since B. as soon as

　　C. before D. until ?

　?。鄞鸢福?B. ?

　?。畚觯?as soon as 引出的時間狀語從句應用一般現在時表示將來要發生的動作。?

　　4? Don't cross the road ＿＿＿ the light turns green.?

　　A. when B. while

　　C. until D. as ?

　?。鄞鸢福?C. ?

　?。畚觯?until應譯為直到才，因為前面的祈使句為否定句。又如：She did not go to bed until her mother came back. 應譯為直到她媽媽回來她才睡覺。?

　　5? Miss Gao has been a teacher ＿＿＿ 1990.?

　　A. before B. after

　　C. since D. in ?

　?。鄞鸢福?C. ?

　?。畚觯?因為主句為完成時，所以應用 since表示該動作的啟始點。?

　　6? - Which would you like better, tea ＿＿＿ milk??

　　- Tea, please.?

　　A. but B. and

　　C. or D. with ?

　?。鄞鸢福?C. ?

　?。畚觯?在疑問句與否定句中應用or來表示一種選擇。?

　　7? We love spring ＿＿＿ there's beautiful flowers every where.?

　　A. though B. but

　　C. or D. because ?

　?。鄞鸢福?D. ?

　?。畚觯?因為這里表示的是因果關系。?

　　8? Please leave ＿＿＿ 7∶００, then you'll be able to get ＿＿＿ there earlier.?

　　A. till, in B. from, /

　　C. before, / D. behind, to ?

　?。鄞鸢福?C. ?

　?。畚觯?before為在７∶００之前離開。?

　　9? The teacher didn't begin the lesson ＿＿＿ all the students stopped talking.?

　　A. until B. after

　　C. if D. because ?

　?。鄞鸢福?A. ?

　　［析］ 這句應譯為直到所有的學生都停止講話老師才開始上課。因begin為瞬間動詞，所以應用否定句。?

　　10? Betty didn't go to see the film yesterday ＿＿＿ she was ill.?

　　A. but B. until

　　C. if D. because ?

　?。鄞鸢福?D. ?

　?。畚觯?這里是表示因果關系，所以應用because。因為她病了所以未去看電影。?

　　11? You must start right now, ＿＿＿ you'll miss the train.?

　　A. for B. and

　　C. so D. or ?

　?。鄞鸢福?D. ?

　?。畚觯?or譯為否則。本句句意為：你必須馬上走了，否則要趕不上火車了。?