外交部軍控司司長王群在第71屆聯(lián)大一委一般性辯論中的發(fā)言

Statement by Ambassador Wang Qun, Director-General of the Arms Control Department of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of China, at the General Debate of the First Committee of the 71st Session of the UNGA

2024年10月10日，紐約

10 October 2024, New York

主席先生：

Mr. Chairman,

首先，祝賀閣下當(dāng)選本屆聯(lián)大一委主席。相信你豐富的外交經(jīng)驗和智慧將引導(dǎo)本次會議取得成功。中國代表團(tuán)愿與你及各國代表團(tuán)充分合作。

Let me begin by congratulating Your Excellency on your election to the chairmanship of the First Committee of the General Assembly. I am confident that your rich diplomatic experience and wisdom will guide this session to success, and my delegation wishes to assure you and other delegations of its full cooperation.

主席先生，

Mr. Chairman,

和平與發(fā)展是國際社會的共同訴求。歷史一再證明，沒有和平就沒有發(fā)展，沒有穩(wěn)定就沒有繁榮。今天，人類社會已成為你中有我、我中有你的命運(yùn)共同體，各國安全利益緊密關(guān)聯(lián)。

Peace and development are the common aspiration of mankind. History has proven time and again that without peace, there will be no development, and without stability, there will be no prosperity. Today, human society has become an intimate community of common destiny with the security interests of all countries intertwined.

當(dāng)前世界正處于前所未有的大變革中，國際形勢總體穩(wěn)定，但地緣政治熱點此起彼伏，恐怖主義和極端主義日益猖獗，核裁軍進(jìn)程舉步維艱，核不擴(kuò)散體系權(quán)威受損，網(wǎng)絡(luò)、外空等新興戰(zhàn)略領(lǐng)域規(guī)則缺失，全球戰(zhàn)略平衡與穩(wěn)定基礎(chǔ)受到侵蝕。

The current world is undergoing uNPRecedented changes. While the international situation is stable on the whole, geopolitical hot-spot issues keep cropping up, terrorism and extremism have become increasingly rampant, the nuclear disarmament process is faltering, the authority of the nuclear non-proliferation regime is being undermined, rules and norms on the emerging strategic frontiers such as cyberspace, outer space are yet to be put in place, and the basis for global strategic balance and stability is getting eroded.

主席先生，

Mr. Chairman,

要有效應(yīng)對上述國際安全挑戰(zhàn)，國際社會就需通力合作，重點做好以下工作：

To effectively tackle the above-mentioned international security challenges, the international community needs cooperate fully and focus efforts on the following:

第一，旗幟鮮明地倡導(dǎo)國際安全新理念。國際社會應(yīng)摒棄冷戰(zhàn)思維，樹立共同、綜合、合作、可持續(xù)安全觀，營造公道正義、共建共享的安全格局，構(gòu)建以合作共贏為核心的新型國際關(guān)系，攜手打造人類命運(yùn)共同體。

First, take a clear-cut stand to advocate a new concept of international security. The international community should abandon cold-war mentality, foster a new concept of common, comprehensive, cooperative and sustainable security, and create a security pattern featuring fairness, justice, joint participation and shared benefits. We should build a new type of international relations underpinned by win-win cooperation, and make concerted efforts to forge a community of common destiny for mankind.

中國始終是世界和平的建設(shè)者、全球發(fā)展的貢獻(xiàn)者和國際秩序的維護(hù)者。中國從不覬覦他國權(quán)益，但也決不放棄自己的正當(dāng)權(quán)益。中國一直奉行防御性國防政策。中國軍隊始終是維護(hù)世界和平和地區(qū)穩(wěn)定的堅定力量。去年以來，中國全面實施改革強(qiáng)軍戰(zhàn)略，深化國防和軍隊改革，宣布裁軍30萬。軍改是中國應(yīng)對國際形勢復(fù)雜變化，為建設(shè)同中國國際地位相稱、同國家安全和發(fā)展利益相適應(yīng)的國防和軍隊所作出的重大戰(zhàn)略決策。這再次體現(xiàn)了中國堅定不移走和平發(fā)展道路的決心。

China has always endeavored to build world peace, contributed to global development and upheld international order. China has never been covetous of the rights and interests of other countries, and it will never give up its legitimate rights and interests. China has consistently pursued a national defense policy that is defensive in nature. The Chinese army has always been a staunch force in maintaining world peace and regional stability. Since last year, China has started the comprehensive implementation of its strategy of reforming and strengthening the armed forces, launched the process of deepening reform of national defense and the military, and announced the decision to cut the number of its troops by 300,000. National defense and military reform is a major strategic decision that China has made to cope with the complex international situation, and build strong national defense and powerful armed forces which are commensurate with China’s international standing and correspond to its security and development interests. The reform again shows China’s firm commitment to peaceful development.

第二，不遺余力地維護(hù)全球戰(zhàn)略平衡與穩(wěn)定。全面禁止和徹底銷毀核武器、實現(xiàn)無核武器世界，是國際社會的共同夙愿。核裁軍進(jìn)程應(yīng)在堅持“維護(hù)全球戰(zhàn)略穩(wěn)定”和“各國安全不受減損”原則基礎(chǔ)上，循序漸進(jìn)加以推進(jìn)。不首先使用核武器政策能夠有效降低核武器威脅、減少核戰(zhàn)爭危險和防止核武器擴(kuò)散，應(yīng)得到普遍遵行。

Second, spare no efforts to maintain global strategic balance and stability. It is the shared aspiration of the international community to completely prohibit and thoroughly destroy nuclear weapons, and achieve the goal of a world free of nuclear weapons. Nuclear disarmament should be pursued in a step-by-step manner, on the basis of upholding the principles of maintaining global strategic stability and undiminished security for all. The policy of no-first-use of nuclear weapons deserves universal compliance as it can effectively reduce threats of nuclear weapons, decrease the danger of a nuclear war, and prevent nuclear proliferation.

中國一貫主張全面禁止和徹底銷毀核武器，始終恪守在任何時候、任何情況下不首先使用核武器的承諾。中國一直積極參與《不擴(kuò)散核武器條約》審議進(jìn)程和五核國會議。中國是最早簽署《全面禁止核試驗條約》的國家之一，恪守暫停核試驗承諾。今年是條約達(dá)成20周年，中國出席了相關(guān)部長級會議，參加了五核國于9月15日發(fā)表的《全面禁止核試驗條約》共同聲明，并投票支持9月23日通過的相關(guān)安理會決議。

China has always stood for complete prohibition and thorough destruction of nuclear weapons, and adhered to the policy of no-first-use of nuclear weapons at any time and under any circumstance. China has actively participated in the review process of the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT) and the P5 Conferences. Being among the first group of countries to sign the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT), China has always honored its commitment of moratorium on nuclear tests. This year marks the 20th anniversary of the adoption of CTBT. China attended the relevant ministerial meeting, joined the P5 Statement on CTBT released on 15 September 2024, and voted in favor of the relevant UNSC Resolution adopted on 23 September 2024.

反導(dǎo)問題事關(guān)全球戰(zhàn)略穩(wěn)定和大國互信。美國全球反導(dǎo)建設(shè)，嚴(yán)重?fù)p害相關(guān)國家戰(zhàn)略安全利益，將導(dǎo)致核裁軍進(jìn)程受阻，并引發(fā)地區(qū)軍備競賽，加劇軍事對抗。特別是美國在韓國部署“薩德”反導(dǎo)系統(tǒng)，并不能解決有關(guān)方的安全關(guān)切，無助于實現(xiàn)半島無核化目標(biāo)，也不利于半島和平穩(wěn)定。此舉還將嚴(yán)重?fù)p害包括中國在內(nèi)的本地區(qū)國家的戰(zhàn)略安全利益，破壞地區(qū)戰(zhàn)略平衡。中國對此堅決反對，將采取必要措施維護(hù)國家安全利益和地區(qū)戰(zhàn)略平衡。我們強(qiáng)烈敦促美韓多做有利于半島和平穩(wěn)定的事，并正視包括中國在內(nèi)本地區(qū)國家的合理關(guān)切，立即停止有關(guān)部署進(jìn)程。

The issue of missile defense system concerns global strategic stability and mutual trust between major countries. The deployment of global missile defense systems by the US seriously undermines the strategic security interests of related countries. It will impede the nuclear disarmament process, trigger regional arms race, and escalate military confrontation. Particularly the deployment of the THAAD system by the US in the ROK will in no way help address the security concerns of relevant parties, realize denuclearization of the Korean Peninsula and maintain peace and stability on the Peninsula. Its deployment will severely undermine the strategic security interests of regional countries including China and disrupt regional strategic balance, to which China is firmly opposed, and China will take necessary measures to defend national security interests and regional strategic balance. We strongly urge the US and the ROK to spend more efforts on upholding peace and stability on the Peninsula, take seriously the legitimate concerns of China and other regional countries, and immediately stop the deployment process.

第三，與時俱進(jìn)地推進(jìn)國際安全領(lǐng)域規(guī)則制定。國際社會既應(yīng)在核、生物、化學(xué)等領(lǐng)域繼續(xù)落實好現(xiàn)有國際規(guī)則，并推動其發(fā)展完善；也應(yīng)重視網(wǎng)絡(luò)、外空等領(lǐng)域的規(guī)則缺失問題，積極推動建章立制，使新疆域最大程度地造福人類。中國高度重視全球安全治理規(guī)則制定，并積極貢獻(xiàn)中國智慧。中國領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人參加了歷屆核安全峰會，習(xí)近平主席首倡中國“核安全觀”，主張構(gòu)建公平、合作、共贏的國際核安全體系。中俄等共同提出外空條約草案，并倡議不首先在外空部署武器。在《禁止生物武器公約》框架下，中國倡議制定“生物科學(xué)家行為準(zhǔn)則范本”，建立“生物防擴(kuò)散出口控制與國際合作機(jī)制”。

Third, advance with the times and promote the establishment of rules and norms on international security. On the one hand, the international community should continue to implement, develop and improve the existing international rules and norms in nuclear, biological, chemical and other areas. On the other hand, it should also pay due attention to the absence of rules and norms in the emerging frontiers such as cyber and outer space, and actively push for the establishment of relevant rules and norms in order to make these frontiers benefit mankind to the maximum extent. China attaches great importance to the formulation of rules and norms on global security governance and actively offers Chinese wisdom. Chinese leaders participated in successive Nuclear Security Summits. President Xi Jinping put forward China’s approach to nuclear security, advocating the building of an international nuclear security system featuring fairness and win-win cooperation. China, Russia and other countries jointly proposed a draft Treaty on the Prevention of the Placement of Weapons in Outer Space and of the Threat or Use of Force against Outer Space Objects (PPWT), and advocated no first placement of weapons in outer space. Within the framework of the Biological Weapons Convention (BWC), China proposed the formulation of a Template of Code of Conduct for Biological Scientists and the establishment of a Non-Proliferation Export Control and International Cooperation Regime.

網(wǎng)絡(luò)空間是人類共同財富，國際社會應(yīng)站在命運(yùn)共同體高度，維護(hù)網(wǎng)絡(luò)空間的安全與發(fā)展。為此，中國倡導(dǎo)秉持和平、主權(quán)、普惠、共治原則，構(gòu)建基于規(guī)則的網(wǎng)絡(luò)空間秩序。在這一過程中，既要繼承，不持定見地研究現(xiàn)有國際法適用問題；也要創(chuàng)新，制定新的國際規(guī)則，應(yīng)對緊迫挑戰(zhàn)。現(xiàn)階段，制定網(wǎng)絡(luò)空間國家行為規(guī)范和建立信任措施可以成為努力重點，為規(guī)則體系建設(shè)積累共識。中國支持聯(lián)合國信息安全政府專家組就此全面深入開展工作。

Cyberspace is the common asset of mankind. The international community should safeguard the security and development of cyberspace from the perspective of building a community of common destiny. To this end, China advocates that the principles of peace, sovereignty, co-governance and universal benefit be followed in building a rule-based cyberspace. In this process, we should both work on current basis and consider the applicability of existing international law to cyberspace without pre-conceived views, and make innovations and develop new international rules in response to imminent threats. At the present stage, priority could be given to developing norms for state behavior and confidence building measures in cyberspace, which would help foster common understanding on the establishment of a rule system. China supports comprehensive and in-depth discussions by the UNGGE in this regard.

第四，始終不渝地鞏固多邊裁軍條約機(jī)制，反對在裁談會之外“另起爐灶”的做法。現(xiàn)有軍控、裁軍與防擴(kuò)散條約對國際安全秩序的穩(wěn)定發(fā)揮了支柱性作用。《不擴(kuò)散核武器條約》作為國際核不擴(kuò)散體系的基石，確立了核裁軍、核不擴(kuò)散和和平利用核能三大支柱，事關(guān)各國安全和人民福祉，應(yīng)全面、平衡、理性予以推進(jìn)。雙重標(biāo)準(zhǔn)等選擇性做法只會嚴(yán)重?fù)p害條約價值和權(quán)威，引發(fā)不良后果。裁談會作為唯一多邊裁軍談判機(jī)構(gòu)的地位不可替代，聯(lián)大一委、裁審會等多邊裁軍機(jī)構(gòu)的作用不容否定，“另起爐灶”將動搖國際安全機(jī)制根基，絕非解決問題的正確途徑。中國反對這種在裁談會之外“另起爐灶”的做法。

Fourth, make steadfast efforts to consolidate the multilateral disarmament treaty mechanisms, and oppose to set up “new kitchens” outside of the Conference on Disarmament (CD). The existing arms control, disarmament and non-proliferation treaties serve as the pillar for the stability of international security order. NPT is the cornerstone of international nuclear non-proliferation regime. The NPT’s three pillars of nuclear disarmament, non-proliferation and peaceful use of nuclear energy must be promoted in a comprehensive, balanced and rational way, as they bear on the security of all countries and the well-being of their people. Double standards and other selective approaches can only seriously undermine NPT’s value and authority, resulting in negative consequences. The CD is irreplaceable as the sole multilateral negotiating body for disarmament, and the First Committee of the UNGA and UNDC play an irrefutable role in multilateral disarmament. The approach to set up “new kitchens” will only weaken the foundation of international security mechanisms, and is by no means the right way to solve problems. China opposes the approach to set up “new kitchens” outside of the CD.

中國始終致力于加強(qiáng)軍控和防擴(kuò)散領(lǐng)域國際條約的普遍性、權(quán)威性和有效性，維護(hù)其宗旨和原則，履行條約義務(wù)，支持歷屆聯(lián)大有關(guān)決議。中國積極參與安理會1540決議全面審議進(jìn)程和防擴(kuò)散委員會及其他專家小組工作，支持建立無核武器區(qū)努力，為完善和發(fā)展相關(guān)條約與機(jī)制貢獻(xiàn)正能量。中國一貫支持裁談會在達(dá)成全面、平衡工作計劃基礎(chǔ)上，盡早啟動各項實質(zhì)性工作，早日重振多邊裁軍機(jī)制。

China has been committed to strengthening the universality, authority and effectiveness of international arms control and non-proliferation treaties, maintaining their purposes and principles, fulfilling China’s treaty obligations and supporting all relevant UNGA resolutions. China has taken an active part in the comprehensive review of the implementation of UNSC Resolution 1540 and the work of 1540 committee as well as its expert group. We always support the establishment of nuclear-weapon-free-zones, and have made positive contributions to the improvement and development of relevant treaties and mechanisms. China always supports the CD’s early commencement of substantive work on the basis of the adoption of a comprehensive and balanced Program of Work, with a view to revitalizing the multilateral disarmament mechanism at an early date.

第五，積極穩(wěn)妥地處理全球熱點安全問題。解決熱點安全問題需要通盤考慮其歷史經(jīng)緯和現(xiàn)實狀況，綜合施策，既著力解決當(dāng)前突出的地區(qū)安全問題，又統(tǒng)籌謀劃如何應(yīng)對潛在的安全威脅，避免頭痛醫(yī)頭、腳痛醫(yī)腳。

Fifth, work actively and prudently to deal with global hot-spot issues. Historical factors and reality on the ground have to be taken into consideration and integrated measures are required in the settlement of hot-spot issues. We should focus on resolving the pressing regional security issues as well as on exploring ways to deal with potential security threats. It is important to avoid only addressing the superficial problems while ignoring the root causes.

長期以來，中國積極參與熱點問題解決進(jìn)程。在伊核問題上，中國始終秉持客觀公正立場，通過勸和促談推動達(dá)成全面協(xié)議，并積極推進(jìn)阿拉克重水堆改造等后續(xù)執(zhí)行工作。中國希望有關(guān)各方堅守政治承諾，平衡履行義務(wù)，妥善處理分歧，推動全面協(xié)議貫徹始終。關(guān)于朝鮮半島核問題，中國認(rèn)為，應(yīng)堅持實現(xiàn)半島無核化目標(biāo)，堅持維護(hù)半島和地區(qū)和平穩(wěn)定，堅持通過對話協(xié)商解決問題，有效維護(hù)國際核不擴(kuò)散體系。

China has all along worked actively to help solve hot-spot issues. On the Iranian nuclear issue, China has always upheld an objective and balanced position, contributed to the conclusion of the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA) through dialogue and consultation, and actively promoted the modernization of Arak heavy water reactor project and other follow-up work related to implementation of JCPOA. We hope parties concerned will honor their political commitment, fulfill their obligations in a balanced manner, properly handle disputes and push for the full implementation of JCPOA. On the nuclear issue on the Korean peninsula, China believes that it is imperative to achieve denuclearization on the Peninsula, and maintain peace and stability both on the Peninsula and in the region. It is important to address issues through dialogue and consultation, and effectively uphold the international nuclear non-proliferation regime.