What are the best preserved medieval towns and cities in Europe?

歐洲現存最完整的中世紀古城是哪？

來自生于西班牙的 @Alberto Yagos 的回答：

1. Toledo, Spain

托萊多，西班牙

It was the capital of Spain in the Middle Ages, a city where three religions lived and left the best of their heritage.

這個城市在中世紀時期是西班牙的首都，有3個宗教曾在這座城市里存在過，而且它們都留下了很棒的遺跡。

2. Aigues-Mortes (France)

埃格莫爾特（法國）

Just look at it, please:

光是看一看就懂了：

來自英國人 @Charles Corn 的回答：

England has the advantage of not having any major wars on its soil for several hundred years, so many medieval towns and cities that made it through the Wars of the Roses and English Civil War are still largely intact.

英格蘭有個優勢，那就是它的本土已經幾百年沒有遭受重大戰火了，所以，那些熬過了玫瑰戰爭和英國內戰的中世紀古城基本上都很完整。

This includes the centres of cities like Oxford:

這其中就包括牛津這類城市的市中心：

and York:

還有約克：

But for the real medieval experience you should look for the towns and villages of the Cotswolds and Suffolk, which became very prosperous in the medieval period from the wool trade.

但如果你想體驗真正的中世紀風情，你應該去科茲沃爾德和薩福克這樣的城鎮或村莊，它們在中世紀由于羊毛貿易而變得非常繁榮。

As a consequence they built beautiful towns and villages, many of which have remained the same size or shrunk as they became less prosperous, meaning that unlike York or Oxford they don’t have any modern sprawl at all.

其結果就是，它們建起了美麗的城鎮和村落，而且其中很多都一直保持著當時的大小，或因為不再繁榮而縮小了，這意味著他們不會像約克和牛津一樣有那些現代建筑群。

For example:

舉幾個例子：

Lavenham (this was the 14th most populous town in 1523 - bigger than York!)

拉文納姆（1523年時，這里是英國人口排名第14的城鎮，比約克還大！）

Lacock

雷考克

Castle Combe

庫姆堡

來自歷史與考古學家 @érico Caldeira 的回答：

Aside from the excellent suggestions in other answers, I’d like to present óbidos, Portugal:

雖然其他回答已經給出了很棒的推薦，我還是想說說葡萄牙的奧比多斯：

This small town is in Portuguese hands since the XII century and hasn’t changed that much since then.

這座小城從十二世紀開始就由葡萄牙人掌管，而且至此之后都沒怎么變過。

IIRC（注：If I remember correctly）, traditionally, it was part of the Queen’s personal possessions.

如果我沒記錯的話，從傳統上講，它是女王的私人財產。

Quite an interesting place to visit, particularly in July, when you can see the Medieval Market.

這是個很有趣的旅游目的地，尤其是在7月，這時你能看到中世紀市集。

Be sure to taste some ginja as well (a slightly alcoholic beverage).

一定要記得喝喝櫻桃酒（這是一種低酒精含量的飲料）。

Also in Portugal, Almeida deserves to be mentioned, close to the Spanish border:

同樣是在葡萄牙，還有一個地方值得一提，那就是阿爾梅達，它靠近西班牙的邊境：

The star fortification was built in the XVII century, so not entirely Medieval, but very beautiful nonetheless.

星型的防御工事是十七世紀建成的，所以也不算完全的中世紀，但不管怎么說還是很美的。

What are the best preserved medieval towns and cities in Europe?

歐洲現存最完整的中世紀古城是哪？

來自生于西班牙的 @Alberto Yagos 的回答：

1. Toledo, Spain

托萊多，西班牙

It was the capital of Spain in the Middle Ages, a city where three religions lived and left the best of their heritage.

這個城市在中世紀時期是西班牙的首都，有3個宗教曾在這座城市里存在過，而且它們都留下了很棒的遺跡。

2. Aigues-Mortes (France)

埃格莫爾特（法國）

Just look at it, please:

光是看一看就懂了：

來自英國人 @Charles Corn 的回答：

England has the advantage of not having any major wars on its soil for several hundred years, so many medieval towns and cities that made it through the Wars of the Roses and English Civil War are still largely intact.

英格蘭有個優勢，那就是它的本土已經幾百年沒有遭受重大戰火了，所以，那些熬過了玫瑰戰爭和英國內戰的中世紀古城基本上都很完整。

This includes the centres of cities like Oxford:

這其中就包括牛津這類城市的市中心：

and York:

還有約克：

But for the real medieval experience you should look for the towns and villages of the Cotswolds and Suffolk, which became very prosperous in the medieval period from the wool trade.

但如果你想體驗真正的中世紀風情，你應該去科茲沃爾德和薩福克這樣的城鎮或村莊，它們在中世紀由于羊毛貿易而變得非常繁榮。

As a consequence they built beautiful towns and villages, many of which have remained the same size or shrunk as they became less prosperous, meaning that unlike York or Oxford they don’t have any modern sprawl at all.

其結果就是，它們建起了美麗的城鎮和村落，而且其中很多都一直保持著當時的大小，或因為不再繁榮而縮小了，這意味著他們不會像約克和牛津一樣有那些現代建筑群。

For example:

舉幾個例子：

Lavenham (this was the 14th most populous town in 1523 - bigger than York!)

拉文納姆（1523年時，這里是英國人口排名第14的城鎮，比約克還大！）

Lacock

雷考克

Castle Combe

庫姆堡

來自歷史與考古學家 @érico Caldeira 的回答：

Aside from the excellent suggestions in other answers, I’d like to present óbidos, Portugal:

雖然其他回答已經給出了很棒的推薦，我還是想說說葡萄牙的奧比多斯：

This small town is in Portuguese hands since the XII century and hasn’t changed that much since then.

這座小城從十二世紀開始就由葡萄牙人掌管，而且至此之后都沒怎么變過。

IIRC（注：If I remember correctly）, traditionally, it was part of the Queen’s personal possessions.

如果我沒記錯的話，從傳統上講，它是女王的私人財產。

Quite an interesting place to visit, particularly in July, when you can see the Medieval Market.

這是個很有趣的旅游目的地，尤其是在7月，這時你能看到中世紀市集。

Be sure to taste some ginja as well (a slightly alcoholic beverage).

一定要記得喝喝櫻桃酒（這是一種低酒精含量的飲料）。

Also in Portugal, Almeida deserves to be mentioned, close to the Spanish border:

同樣是在葡萄牙，還有一個地方值得一提，那就是阿爾梅達，它靠近西班牙的邊境：

The star fortification was built in the XVII century, so not entirely Medieval, but very beautiful nonetheless.

星型的防御工事是十七世紀建成的，所以也不算完全的中世紀，但不管怎么說還是很美的。