①where用作連接副詞，引導(dǎo)名詞性從句，意為“在什么地方；到哪里；從哪里”等時(shí)從句須用陳述語(yǔ)序。此外，它也可與動(dòng)詞不定式連用；②where用作關(guān)系副詞，引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，此時(shí)where在定語(yǔ)從句中用作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，對(duì)表示地點(diǎn)的先行詞起修飾和限制作用，意義上相當(dāng)于“介詞＋which”，意為“……的地方”； ③where用作從屬連詞，引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句，修飾主句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，where引導(dǎo)的從句可以放在主句之前，也可放在主句之后，意為“……的地方；在/到……的地方”，相當(dāng)于in/at/to the place where。 where引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，從句前應(yīng)有一個(gè)表示地點(diǎn)的名詞作先行詞；而引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)其前沒(méi)有表示地點(diǎn)的名詞。

　　①You should make a mark where you have problems. 你應(yīng)該在你有問(wèn)題的地方做上標(biāo)記。 ②Don’t leave it where the kids can reach it. 不要把它放在孩子們能夠到的地方。 ③You can’t camp where you like these days. 如今你可不能隨便在哪兒宿營(yíng)。 ④Can you tell me where he lives? 你能告訴我他住哪兒?jiǎn)幔?⑤This is where I disagree. 這就是我不同意的地方。 ⑥This is the room where(＝in which)I lived last year. 這就是我去年住過(guò)的房間。 ⑦I visited the small village，where I lived for 10 years. 我去參觀了那個(gè)小村莊，我曾在那兒生活了十年。 跟蹤訓(xùn)練 Ⅰ.完成句子 1．有愛(ài)，就有希望。 ________________，there is hope. 2．比賽剛剛開(kāi)始就下起雨來(lái)。 ________ the game _________ when it ________ raining.

　　Where there is love Hardly had begun started 3．約翰要是聽(tīng)我的話(huà)，他就不會(huì)失敗了。 ____ John _________ me，he ____________________. 4．就在這時(shí)鈴響了，宣告下課。 At this moment the bell rang，____________ the end of class. Had listened to would not have failed announcing 5．到底是誰(shuí)昨天打壞了窗戶(hù)？ Who __________

　　broke the window yesterday? was it that Ⅱ.單項(xiàng)填空 1．After the war，a new school building was put up ________ there had once been a theatre. A．that　B．when C．which

　　D．where 解析：選D。where在此引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句，其意為“(在)……的地方”。 2．________ when the bell rang. A．Hardly would he reach school B．Hardly had he reached school C．Hardly he reached school D．Hardly he was reaching school 解析：選B。這是固定句型Hardly had...when...，這是一個(gè)倒裝句，可以還原為：He had hardly reached school when the bell rang. 3．—________ that he managed to get the information? —Oh，a friend of his helped him. A．Where was it

　　B．What was it C．How was it

　　D．Why was it 解析：選C。考查強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的特殊疑問(wèn)句。句意“——他到底是怎樣獲取信息的？——噢，他的一個(gè)朋友幫 的他”。 4．Had it not been for the

　　policeman，we ________ our lives. A．would have lost

　　B．should lose C．might lose

　　D．had lost 解析：選A。因?yàn)閔ad it not been for the policeman＝if it had not been for the policeman(如果沒(méi)有警察)，顯然是與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的情況，主句中的謂語(yǔ)應(yīng)是would have lost。

　　5．________ more careful，his ship would not have sunk. A．If the captain were B．Had the captain been C．Should the captain be D．If the captain would have been 解析：選B。由主句謂語(yǔ)可判斷，這里表示的是與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的情況，所以虛擬條件句中的謂語(yǔ)應(yīng)用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，Had the captain been＝If the captain had been。 本部分內(nèi)容講解結(jié)束 按ESC鍵退出全屏播放 * ①(朗文P707)Schools have experimented with desktop publishing in English classes. 一些學(xué)校在英語(yǔ)課上嘗試了桌面出版實(shí)驗(yàn)。 ②Some scientists experiment on animals. 有些科學(xué)家用動(dòng)物做試驗(yàn)。 ③The teacher gave each of us a piece of filter paper before doing the experiment. 做試驗(yàn)前，老師給我們每個(gè)人發(fā)了一張濾紙。 6

　　cut up　切碎 (教材P46)Cut up some tomatoes for eyes，pieces of cheese for ears，and a mushroom for a nose.　切一些西紅柿做眼睛，用奶酪片做耳朵，蘑菇做鼻子。 歸納拓展

　　①(朗文P707)Just cut up the potatoes and throw them in with the meat.把馬鈴薯切碎和肉一起扔進(jìn)去就行了。 ②The prisoners cut their way through the barbed wire and escaped.囚犯?jìng)儚蔫F絲網(wǎng)中開(kāi)出一條路逃跑了。 ③He’s not cut out to be a teacher. 他不是當(dāng)教師的材料。 ④The village was cut off(from the ouside world)by heavy snow for a month. 村莊被大雪封住(而不能與外界聯(lián)系)達(dá)一個(gè)月。 ⑤She kept cutting in on our conversation. 我們談話(huà)時(shí)她老是插嘴。 ⑥The doctor told him to cut down his consumption of fat. 醫(yī)生建議他減少脂肪的攝取量。 7

　　lay out　布置，設(shè)計(jì)；鋪開(kāi)，展開(kāi) (教材P47)You can lay all the pieces out on the card before you stick them down. 你可以在粘貼之前把所有的貝殼都放在卡片上。

　　歸納拓展

　　助記 off表示“離開(kāi)”，on表示“在上”；lay off，take on分別引申為“解雇”、“雇用”。

　　【辨析】　lie，lay

　　lie 常作為不及物動(dòng)詞用，意思是“躺，位于”等。 lay 常作及物動(dòng)詞用，意思是“放，擺，鋪”等。 【助記】

　　①(朗文P1163)Lay out the map on the table and we’ll take a look.把地圖鋪在桌子上，我們要看一看。 ②They were laid off because of the lack of new orders. 由于沒(méi)有新的定貨，他們?cè)鈺簳r(shí)解雇。 ③It is laid down that all applicants must sit a written exam.根據(jù)規(guī)定，申請(qǐng)者一律需經(jīng)筆試。 ④I laid my book aside，turned off the light and went to sleep.我把書(shū)放在一邊，關(guān)了燈睡覺(jué)。 跟蹤訓(xùn)練 Ⅰ.選詞填空

　　1．It ___________him to take hard jobs. 2．I’ll _________at mending your bike today. 3．Tomorrow we _________ another museum in Amsterdam. is typical of have a go are off to 4．These computers are not yet ________________. 5．He has _____________ the exam to come. 6．Visitors ________________ at the achievements in the car manufacture of the city during the past decade. on the market got ready for were amazed Ⅱ.完成句子 1．呈現(xiàn)在登山者面前的風(fēng)景是非常壯麗的。 The scene that was ____________ before the climbers was magnificent. laid out 2．她父親的去世使她悲痛萬(wàn)分。 She was very ________ about her father’s death. 3．我們老師實(shí)驗(yàn)新的英語(yǔ)教學(xué)法。 Our teacher ___________________ new method of teaching English. cut up is experimenting with 4．你的工作效率很高，我們極為欽佩。 We ____ most __________ with/by your efficiency. 5．梵高一生致力于繪畫(huà)。 Van Gogh _________ his whole being ________ painting. were committed impressed to Ⅲ.單項(xiàng)填空 1．I was just talking to Margaret when Jackson ________. A．cut in B．cut down C．cut out

　　D．cut up 解析：選A。考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)的辨析。cut in插話(huà)，打斷別人的話(huà)；cut down砍倒；cut out剪掉，剪下；cut up剁碎，砍碎。 2．—What do you think of the book? —________. A．The book is worth reading B．It is worth reading the book C．You are worth reading D．You are worth to read 解析：選A。此句是征求評(píng)價(jià)性的意見(jiàn)的句式，當(dāng)然就得用評(píng)價(jià)的話(huà)語(yǔ)回答。句意：——你認(rèn)為這本書(shū)如何？——值得一讀。 3．The car factory is going to ________ around 150 workers because of the drop in sales. A．lay out

　　B．lay on C．lay off

　　D．lay by 解析：選C。lay off及物動(dòng)詞詞組，“解散，解雇”；lay out“鋪開(kāi)， 展開(kāi)”；lay on“慷慨地提供(食物，娛樂(lè))；安排，款待”；lay by... “躺在……附近”。 4．This restaurant has become popular for its wide ________ of foods that suit all tastes and pockets. A．division

　　B．a(chǎn)rea C．range

　　D．circle 解析：選C。考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：由于有廣泛的食物(選擇)適合所有口味和收入的人群的需要，這家餐館已經(jīng)火了。由定語(yǔ)從句that suit all tastes and pockets可以推斷所選詞應(yīng)表示“(選擇)范圍”，因此選擇C。division分開(kāi)，分擔(dān)；area面積，地區(qū)，領(lǐng)域；circle 圓圈，環(huán)形物，均不合題意。 5．A highly organized system of irrigation is ________ Chinese agriculture. A．typical of

　　B．consistent with C．famous for

　　D．subject to 解析：選A。句意：灌溉系統(tǒng)組織嚴(yán)密是中國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)的典型特點(diǎn)。be typical of“特有的，典型的”；be consistent with“與……一致；與……相符合”；be famous for”“以……著名”；be subject to“由……決定的；取決于……的”。 8

　　(教材P46)Next，spread the glue where you want to attach the string.　然后在你放繩子的地方涂上膠水。 句型精析 【點(diǎn)津】　句中where引導(dǎo)的是地點(diǎn) 狀語(yǔ)從句，說(shuō)明主句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生的 地點(diǎn)。 where引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句、定語(yǔ)從句和名詞性從句的常見(jiàn)用法歸納： 歸納拓展

　　①(朗文P393)Women commit fewer crimes than men. 女性比男性的犯罪率低。 ②She committed herself to philanthropy. 她專(zhuān)心從事慈善事業(yè)。 ③He would not commit

　　himself in any way. 他不愿做出任何承諾。 3

　　reward　n．&vt.獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)；回報(bào)，給以報(bào)酬 (教材P35)Unfortunately，although Van Gogh committed his whole being to painting，he received little reward for his effort.　遺憾的是，盡管梵·高全身心地投入繪畫(huà)，他的努力得到的回報(bào)卻微乎其微。 歸納拓展 【易混詞巧辨】　re—＝back “回”，故reward指某人因干了好事或有益的事而得到“回報(bào)”。a—是ad—(＝to)的變體，故award指give sth.to sb.。 ①(朗文P1756)It’s a great feeling finally getting rewarded for all our hard work.我們所付出的一切辛勤勞動(dòng)終于獲得了回報(bào)，這種感覺(jué)真棒。 ②The mother rewarded her child with money. 母親給孩子錢(qián)作為獎(jiǎng)賞。 ③I gave her a reward for saving the children from the fire. 她從火災(zāi)中救出了孩子們，為此我給予她獎(jiǎng)賞。

　　4

　　cloth　n．布料，織物(一塊)布 (教材P43)It was while at the New York School of Art that he experimented with different materials such as cloth and plastic in his paintings.　他是在紐約藝術(shù)學(xué)校上學(xué)期間實(shí)驗(yàn)用像布和塑料之類(lèi)的材料來(lái)做畫(huà)的。 歸納拓展 【辨析】　clothes，clothing，dress clothes 是最常用詞，統(tǒng)指身上的各種服裝，包括上衣、褲子、內(nèi)衣等；是復(fù)數(shù)名詞，可與many，few等詞連用，但不能直接與數(shù)詞連用，后面要接復(fù)數(shù)動(dòng)詞，“一套衣服”要說(shuō)a suit of clothes。 clothing 是集合名詞，是服裝的總稱(chēng)，除衣褲外還包括帽子、鞋襪等；沒(méi)有復(fù)數(shù)形式，后面要接單數(shù)動(dòng)詞，“一件衣服”要說(shuō)an article of clothing。 dress 范圍較窄，作可數(shù)名詞時(shí)指一件女服、連衣裙；作不可數(shù)名詞時(shí)，指某種特殊服裝，尤指在社交場(chǎng)合穿的衣服。 一言 辨異 He bought a piece of cloth and made a tablecloth.他買(mǎi)來(lái)了一塊布做了個(gè)桌布。 ①(朗文P362)These pants are made with the finest wool cloth.這些褲子是用最好的毛料制成的。 ②Dry the fruit thoroughly with a dish cloth. 用洗碗布把水果徹底擦干。 ③All of her clothes were made by her mother. 她所有的衣服都是她母親做的。 ④We are well provided with food and

　　clothing. 我們吃得好，穿得好。 ⑤She wears a beautiful evening dress. 她穿著一件漂亮的晚禮服。

　　跟蹤訓(xùn)練 Ⅰ.選詞填空

　　1．He has found a temporary _______________ in the suburbs. 2．Einstein’s theory was so ________ that no one else could understand it. 3．Our school has improved the conditions in the students’________． accommodation abstract dormitory 4．What is the _________ of opinion at the afternoon meeting? 5．When Uncle Bill went abroad to live，he left me his watch as a ____________. consensus souvenir 6．The seed was _______ over the ground in huge quantities by aeroplanes. 7．She still has very _____ hearing，though she is eighty years old. sprayed acute Ⅱ.單項(xiàng)填空 1．The loss has not yet been ________ accurately，but it is believed to be well beyond a hundred million dollars. A．calculated B．considered C．completed

　　D．controlled 解析：選A。考查動(dòng)詞意義。根據(jù)句意可知此處表示“損失[數(shù)據(jù)]還沒(méi)統(tǒng)計(jì)……”，應(yīng)選擇calculated。consider“考慮”；complete “完成”；control“控制”，均不符合句意。 2．The government is committing itself ________ people’s life. A．for bettering

　　B．to better C．to bettering

　　D．of bettering 解析：選C。句意：政府為提高人民生活水平做出承諾。這里commit為及物動(dòng)詞，是使承擔(dān)義務(wù)；使做出保證的意思。這里to是介詞，后面跟名詞和動(dòng)詞的—ing形式。 3．The police have offered a large ________ for information leading to the robber’s arrest. A．a(chǎn)ward

　　B．compensation C．prize

　　D．reward 解析：選D。本題為名詞詞義辨析題。句意：為了得到任何有助于逮捕搶劫者的信息，警方開(kāi)出了一大筆酬金。award“獎(jiǎng)品，獎(jiǎng)金”；compensation“補(bǔ)償金”；prize“獎(jiǎng)品，獎(jiǎng)賞”；reward“報(bào)酬，賞 金”。根據(jù)句意，選項(xiàng)D為正確答案。 4．Food and ________ are daily necessities for the people. A．cloth

　　B．clothe C．clothes

　　D．Clothing 解析：選D。food and clothing “衣食”，clothing是衣服的總稱(chēng)。 5．Green products are becoming more and more popular because they are environmentally ________. A．friendly

　　B．various C．common

　　D．changeable 解析：選A。environmentally friendly 環(huán)保的，對(duì)環(huán)境無(wú)害的。 6．—What a pleasant ________ these trees give us! —Why not stop here and have a rest in it? A．shade

　　B．shadow C．peace

　　D．scene 解析：選A。前句句意“這些樹(shù)給我們多么愜意的陰涼！”，shade “陰涼”；shadow“陰影”。 5 experiment with　對(duì)……進(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn) (教材P34)He experimented with different styles of painting，but was most famous for his work in Cubism，which often uses acute angles and where the world is represented as being constructed of cubes 短語(yǔ)精釋 and rectangles.　他嘗試過(guò)多種不同的繪畫(huà)風(fēng)格，但尤以立體派作品著稱(chēng)，立體派作品通過(guò)運(yùn)用銳角，作品中世界被呈現(xiàn)為由立方體和矩形構(gòu)成。

　　歸納拓展 欄目導(dǎo)引 基礎(chǔ)盤(pán)點(diǎn)自測(cè)自評(píng) 考點(diǎn)串講講練互動(dòng) Unit 3　The world of colours and light Unit 3　The world of colours and light 基礎(chǔ)盤(pán)點(diǎn)自測(cè)自評(píng) 1．The scientists are able to ________ (計(jì)算)accurately when the spaceship will reach the moon. 核心單詞 calculate 2．The house is ___________(使陰暗) by a huge tree. 3．If you _______ (犯罪)a crime you can never escape being punished. 4．He received a medal in ________ (回報(bào))for his bravery. shadowed commit reward 5．How does one gain __________ (進(jìn)入權(quán))to the Buckingham Palace? 6．The _______(風(fēng)景)in the mountains is very beautiful. 7．If you are excellent enough，you can win a ____________(獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金)to the university. admission scenery scholarship 8．My ______ (代理人)has power to sign my name. 9．Commercial television is an effective ____________(媒體)for advertising. 10．He ________(皺起)his brow，confused and worried by the strange events. agent medium wrinkled Ⅱ.詞匯活用 1．The bad fish had a ____________ smell.It made us _________.(disgust) 2．Once decisions have been made，they will be _____________.He is a stubborn man and will not ________ his mind easily.(change) disgusting disgusted unchangeable change 1．________________

　　做某事感到吃驚 2．________________

　　對(duì)……進(jìn)行試驗(yàn) 3．________________

　　被……所打動(dòng) 4．__________________

　　上市 高頻短語(yǔ) be amazed to do be impressed by come on the market experiment with 5．________________

　　范圍/幅度從……到…… 6．________________

　　以……為特征 7．________________

　　多種種類(lèi)的 8．________________

　　獻(xiàn)身于……，專(zhuān)心致志于…… 9．________________

　　價(jià)值…… range from...to... be typical of a wide variety of commit...to... be worth...　 10．________________

　　動(dòng)身去 11．________________

　　用……做出的 12．________________

　　準(zhǔn)備做…… 13．________________

　　切碎 14．________________

　　布置，設(shè)計(jì)，鋪開(kāi)，展開(kāi) 15．________________

　　試一試 be made out of get ready to do be off to cut up lay out have a go 1．地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句 Next，spread the glue ________ you want to attach the string.　然后在你放繩子的地方涂上膠水。 典型句式 where 2．doing作非限制性定語(yǔ) Besides the works of da Vinci，the Louvre Museum has more than 6,000 other European paintings，________ from the 13th century to the 19th century. ranging 除了達(dá)·芬奇的作品，盧浮宮還藏有其他歐洲畫(huà)家從13世紀(jì)到19世紀(jì)創(chuàng)作的六千多件作品。

　　3．一……就…… ________ had we left the dormitory the next morning ________ we realized we had left our map in the room. 我們一離開(kāi)宿舍，就意識(shí)到我們把地圖落在房間里了。 Hardly when 4．虛擬語(yǔ)氣 _____ you _______ with us，I guarantee you would have enjoyed Europe too. 如果你跟我們一起來(lái)的話(huà)，我保證你也會(huì)喜歡上歐洲的。 Had come 5．強(qiáng)調(diào)句型 ______ while at the New York School of Art ____ he experimented with different materials such as cloth and plastic in his paintings.　他是在紐約藝術(shù)學(xué)校上學(xué)期間實(shí)驗(yàn)用像布和塑料之類(lèi)的材料來(lái)做畫(huà)的。 It was that 倒裝 1．Only then ________ how much damage had been caused? 單元語(yǔ)法 A．she realized　 B．she had realized C．had she realized