2024高考英語總復習精選課件(江蘇專用牛津譯林版)語法專項突破:十一、特殊句式
語法專練知能闖關 本部分內容講解結束 按ESC鍵退出全屏播放 (2009·高考陜西卷)Little did Rose care about her own safety,though she was in great danger herself. 雖然身處險境,Rose卻絲毫不在意她個人的安危。 It is said that by no means can the students be allowed to get into this laboratory without Mr.Jackson’s permission. 據說未經Jackson先生的許可,學生絕不允許進入這個實驗室。
(4)當“only+狀語(副詞、介詞短語或從句)”置于句首時。 Only when Tom fully recovered did he go back to work. 只有當湯姆完全恢復他才回去工作。 (5)用于as引導的讓步狀語從句中(表語/狀語/動詞原形+as+主語)。 Quiet student as he may be,he talks a lot about his favorite singers after class. 盡管他是一名沉默寡言的學生,但課后談起他最喜歡的歌手他卻滔滔 不絕。
2.完全倒裝 (1)表示方式或方位的副詞或介詞短語,如here,there,now,then,up, down,in,away,off,out,on the wall等,置于句首時,完全倒裝。 On the top of the hill stands a temple where the old man once lived.
在山頂上有一個這位老人曾經生活過的寺廟。 (2009·高考福建卷)For a moment nothing happened.Then came voices all shouting together. 那會兒,什么都沒發生。之后大家一起歡呼起來。
(2)表語+連系動詞+主語(表語可以是:形容詞、介詞短語、現在分詞、過去分詞) Present at the meeting were Professor White,Professor Smith and many other guests. 出席會議的有懷特教授,史密斯教授還有許多其他客人。
考點三 強調句型
經典品味 1.(2011·高考湖南卷)It’s not what we do once in a while________shapes our lives,but what we do consistently. A.whichB.that C.how
D.when 解析:選B。考查強調句型的用法。句意:影響我們生活的不是我們偶爾做什么,而是我們一貫做什么。強調部分是句子的主語,空格部分應是強調句型中的that,故選B項。
2.(2011·高考重慶卷)—Have you seen the film Under the Hawthorn Tree? —Of course,I have.It was in our village
________ it was made. A.that
B.where C.when
D.which 解析:選A。考查強調句型的用法。句意:——你看過電影《山楂樹之戀》嗎?——我當然看過。那部電影就是在我們村拍攝的。被強調部分為in our village,如改為普通句型為:It was made in our village.如選B項,為where引導的定語從句,但與上句在邏輯上不符。
3.(2011·高考四川卷)Was it on a lonely island________ he was saved one month after the boat went down? A.where
B.that C.which
D.what 解析:選B。考查強調句型的用法。句意:他是不是在船沉了一個月之后在一個孤島上被人救出來的?結合題干和選項看,這里用it was...that強調句結構,被強調的是地點狀語on a lonely island。
1.強調句的基本句型是“It is/was+被強調的部分+that/who+其他部分”。被強調的部分可以是主語、賓語和狀語等。 要點濃縮 (2009·高考浙江卷)—I’ve read another book this week. —Well,maybe it is not how much you read but what you read that counts. ——這星期我又看了一本書。 ——嗯,也許重要的不是你看了多少而是你看了什么。
2.強調句型的一般疑問句只需將is/was提前,特殊疑問句的結構是“疑問詞+is/was+it+that從句”。 —What was it that made Mrs White so upset? —Her son’s making trouble in the school. ——是什么讓懷特夫人這么難過? ——她兒子在學校惹事了。
3.“It was not until...that...”這個句型強調時間狀語。 It was not until I went there that I began to know something about the matter. 直到我去那兒我才開始知道有關那件事。
考點四 省略 經典品味 1.(2024·東營勝利一中模擬)—Have you been to the Great Wall? —Perhaps not in my memory.________,it might have been during my early childhood. A.If anyB.If so C.If ever
D.If not 解析:選C。句意:——你去過長城嗎?——在我記憶中好像沒有去過。要是去過的話,或許是在童年。if ever如果曾經,該句完整形式為:If I have ever been to the Great Wall...;if any如果有一些(表示數量);if so如果那樣;if not如果不。 2.(2024·杭州質量檢測)Be careful when you deal with this chemical,as it will explode when________to sunlight. A.being exposed
B.to expose C.exposing
D.exposed 解析:選D。考查非謂語動詞。句意:當你處理這種化學物品時要小心,因為當它暴露在陽光下時會爆炸。后半句是“as it will explode when it is exposed to sunlight”的省略形式,it與expose之間是動賓關系,故用過去分詞形式。
3.(2024·泰安模擬)—Why didn’t you buy the gold ring? —I________,but I didn’t have the money. A.would have
B.bought C.would like to
D.had bought
解析:選A。省略的句子補充完整為:I would have bought it if I had had the money,是對過去事實的假設,用虛擬語氣;I didn’t have the money是事實,用陳述語氣。
要點濃縮 1.在when,while,whenever,till,as soon as,if,unless,as if,though,as等引導的狀語從句中,若謂語有be動詞,而主語又與主句主語相同或主語是it時,從句的主語和be常被省略。 (2010·高考大綱全國卷Ⅱ)Though surprised to see us,the professor gave us a warm welcome. 教授看到我們,雖然很驚訝,但還是熱情地歡迎了我們。 When people cut down big trees,new trees should be planted.If not they will have no trees to cut down in the future. 當人們砍倒大樹時,應該種植新樹,不然的話,他們以后就沒有樹木可砍了。
2.不定式省略,單獨使用不定式符號to。 (1)用來代替動詞不定式后被省略的動詞,常在be afraid,be glad,forget,hope,intend,like,love,mean,prefer,refuse,seem,try,want,wish等的后邊。 (2009·高考江蘇卷)—What’s the matter with Della? —Well,her parents wouldn’t allow her to go to the party,but she still hopes to. ——Della出什么事了?
——父母不允許Della參加晚會,可她仍然希望參加。 —Will you join in the game?——你愿意加入做游戲嗎? —I’d be glad to.——我很高興。
(2)如果不定式中含有be,have,have been,通常保留be,have和have been。 —Are you a sailor?——你是海員嗎? —No,but I used to be.——不,但我過去是。
欄目導引 語法精講 考點整合 語法專練 知能闖關 第十一節 特殊句式 第十一節 特殊句式 語法精講考點整合 經典品味 考點一 主謂一致 1.(2011·高考安徽卷)The factory used 65 percent of the raw materials,the rest of which ________ saved for other purposes. A.isB.are C.was
D.were 解析:選D。句意:工廠用掉了65%的原材料,其余的留作他用。本題考查主謂一致。which引導非限制性定語從句,本句中的which指代raw materials,“the rest of+名詞”作主語,謂語動詞應與of后的名詞保持一致。故本題設空處應用復數,排除 A、C兩項;根據主句時態可知此處應用過去時, 故答案為D項。
2.(2011·高考湖南卷)One-third of the country________ covered with trees and the majority of the citizens ________ black people. A.is;are
B.is;is C.are;are
D.are;is 解析:選A。句意:三分之一的國土被樹覆蓋,大多數的市民是黑人。考查主謂一致用法。“分數或百分數+of+名詞”作主語時,謂語動詞需要和of后面的名詞一致,the country為不可數名 詞,故第一個空填is;第二空前的主語中心詞是citizens,為可數名詞,所以第二個空填are。故答案選A項。 3.(2024·海淀期中練習)—Hey!Here is a message on my cellphone,telling me to send money to... —Delete it! It’s a trick.Many a person________ by such tricks. A.has been cheated
B.have been cheated C.were cheated
D.was cheated
解析:選A。考查時態、語態和主謂一致。答話人之所以讓對方刪除手機上要求匯款的信息是因為到目前為止已經有很多人上當受騙,所以用現在完成時的被動語態,排除C、D兩項;many a 表示“大量”,修飾單數可數名詞,謂語動詞用單數, 故排除B項選A項。 要點濃縮 1.people,cattle等集體名詞作主語時,謂語動詞必須用復數形式, 但family,class,team,group,public等集體名詞作主語時,如果把它們作為一個整體看待,謂語動詞應用單數形式;如果強調的是個體成員,謂語動詞應用復數形式。 The flooded family is made up of ten people,so the clothing is badly needed. 遭受洪災的家庭由十人組成,因此衣服十分緊缺。 2.如果主語由“more than one+n.”或“many a+n.”構成,謂語動詞用單數形式;如果主語由“more+復數名詞+than one”構成,謂語動詞一般用復數形式。 More than one boy likes to play basketball while many a girl is good at playing baseball. 不止一個男孩喜歡打籃球然而不止一個女生善長打棒球。 3.由or,either...or..., neither...nor...,not only...but also...等連接的并列主語,謂語動詞常與最近的主語在單復數上保持一致。 Either you or your secretary has to check over the speech draft and correct the mistakes. 要么是你要么是你的秘書必須檢查一下演講稿并把錯誤改過來。 4.如果主語后面帶有as well as,as much as,no less than,along with,with,like,rather than,together with,but,except,besides,including,in addition to等引導的短語時,句中謂語動詞的單復數取決于主語的單復數。 (2009·高考陜西卷)Dr.Smith,together with his wife and daughters, is going to visit Beijing this summer. Dr.Smith將在今年夏天和妻子女兒們一起游覽北京。 In my opinion,he rather than you,is to blame. 依我看來,他,而不是你該受責備。
5.單復數同形的名詞作主語時,應根據名詞的意義來確定謂語動詞的單、復數形式。 Every necessary means has been used to protect milu deer which are very valuable to us.As a result,the number of the milu deer is increasing. 用來保護對于我們來說很珍貴的麋鹿的各種必要手段都已使用。因此,麋鹿的數量正在增加。 6.由each,every,no所修飾的作主語的名詞即使有and連接,謂語動詞仍用單數形式。 Every boy and every girl wishes to attend the English evening party to be held on Saturday. 每個女生和男生希望參加星期六舉辦的英語晚會。
經典品味 考點二 倒裝
1.(2011·高考湖南卷)Only after they had discussed the matter for several hours ________ a decision. A.they reached B.did they reach C.they reach
D.do they reach 解析:選B。句意:直到他們討論了那個問題幾個小時之后才作出決定。本題考查倒裝句。only修飾狀語(從句)置于句首時,后面的句子要部分倒裝,排除A、C項;根據題干中的過去完成時可知設空處應該用過去時,故排除D項,答案為B項。 2.(2011·高考福建卷)—It’s nice.Never before________ such a special drink! —I’m glad you like it. A.I have had
B.I had C.have I had
D.had I
解析:選C。句意:——太棒了。我以前從來沒喝過這么獨特的飲料!——很高興您喜歡。本題考查倒裝句。否定副詞never,nor,not,hardly,little,seldom,scarcely,rarely及表示否定意 義的介詞短語置于句首時,后面的主語、謂語部分需部分倒裝,根據題意可知,設空處應該用現在完成時態,所以正確答案為C項。
3.(2011·高考課標全國卷) Try_______ she might,Sue couldn’t get the door open. A.if
B.when
C.since
D.as 解析:選D。句意:雖然Sue試著想打開門,但是她打不開。本題考查連 詞。as引導讓步狀語從句時意為 “雖然”,要求從句使用部分倒裝,即從句中表語、狀語或動詞原形置于as前。此句中設空前為動詞原形Try,符合as的用法,故答案為D項。 1.部分倒裝 (1)在so/such...that...句型中,若so/such...提到句首時。 So interested in the ancient town did the visitors get that they decided to stay there for another few days.
要點濃縮 這些游客對那個古鎮如此感興趣以至于他們決定在那兒再待幾天。 (2)hardly...when..., no sooner...than...,not only...but also...等引導兩個分句時,前一個分句用部分倒裝,后一個分句不變。 Hardly had they got to the bus stop when the bus pulled away. 他們剛到達車站公共汽車就開動了。 Not only should we know the theory,but also we should learn how to apply it to practice. 我們不但應該知道理論而且我們應該學會如何把理論應用于實踐。
(3)否定副詞never,nor,not, hardly,little,seldom,scarcely,rarely及表否定意義的介詞短語at no time,under/in no circumstances,in no case,by no means,on no condition等置于句首時。
語法專練知能闖關 本部分內容講解結束 按ESC鍵退出全屏播放 (2009·高考陜西卷)Little did Rose care about her own safety,though she was in great danger herself. 雖然身處險境,Rose卻絲毫不在意她個人的安危。 It is said that by no means can the students be allowed to get into this laboratory without Mr.Jackson’s permission. 據說未經Jackson先生的許可,學生絕不允許進入這個實驗室。
(4)當“only+狀語(副詞、介詞短語或從句)”置于句首時。 Only when Tom fully recovered did he go back to work. 只有當湯姆完全恢復他才回去工作。 (5)用于as引導的讓步狀語從句中(表語/狀語/動詞原形+as+主語)。 Quiet student as he may be,he talks a lot about his favorite singers after class. 盡管他是一名沉默寡言的學生,但課后談起他最喜歡的歌手他卻滔滔 不絕。
2.完全倒裝 (1)表示方式或方位的副詞或介詞短語,如here,there,now,then,up, down,in,away,off,out,on the wall等,置于句首時,完全倒裝。 On the top of the hill stands a temple where the old man once lived.
在山頂上有一個這位老人曾經生活過的寺廟。 (2009·高考福建卷)For a moment nothing happened.Then came voices all shouting together. 那會兒,什么都沒發生。之后大家一起歡呼起來。
(2)表語+連系動詞+主語(表語可以是:形容詞、介詞短語、現在分詞、過去分詞) Present at the meeting were Professor White,Professor Smith and many other guests. 出席會議的有懷特教授,史密斯教授還有許多其他客人。
考點三 強調句型
經典品味 1.(2011·高考湖南卷)It’s not what we do once in a while________shapes our lives,but what we do consistently. A.whichB.that C.how
D.when 解析:選B。考查強調句型的用法。句意:影響我們生活的不是我們偶爾做什么,而是我們一貫做什么。強調部分是句子的主語,空格部分應是強調句型中的that,故選B項。
2.(2011·高考重慶卷)—Have you seen the film Under the Hawthorn Tree? —Of course,I have.It was in our village
________ it was made. A.that
B.where C.when
D.which 解析:選A。考查強調句型的用法。句意:——你看過電影《山楂樹之戀》嗎?——我當然看過。那部電影就是在我們村拍攝的。被強調部分為in our village,如改為普通句型為:It was made in our village.如選B項,為where引導的定語從句,但與上句在邏輯上不符。
3.(2011·高考四川卷)Was it on a lonely island________ he was saved one month after the boat went down? A.where
B.that C.which
D.what 解析:選B。考查強調句型的用法。句意:他是不是在船沉了一個月之后在一個孤島上被人救出來的?結合題干和選項看,這里用it was...that強調句結構,被強調的是地點狀語on a lonely island。
1.強調句的基本句型是“It is/was+被強調的部分+that/who+其他部分”。被強調的部分可以是主語、賓語和狀語等。 要點濃縮 (2009·高考浙江卷)—I’ve read another book this week. —Well,maybe it is not how much you read but what you read that counts. ——這星期我又看了一本書。 ——嗯,也許重要的不是你看了多少而是你看了什么。
2.強調句型的一般疑問句只需將is/was提前,特殊疑問句的結構是“疑問詞+is/was+it+that從句”。 —What was it that made Mrs White so upset? —Her son’s making trouble in the school. ——是什么讓懷特夫人這么難過? ——她兒子在學校惹事了。
3.“It was not until...that...”這個句型強調時間狀語。 It was not until I went there that I began to know something about the matter. 直到我去那兒我才開始知道有關那件事。
考點四 省略 經典品味 1.(2024·東營勝利一中模擬)—Have you been to the Great Wall? —Perhaps not in my memory.________,it might have been during my early childhood. A.If anyB.If so C.If ever
D.If not 解析:選C。句意:——你去過長城嗎?——在我記憶中好像沒有去過。要是去過的話,或許是在童年。if ever如果曾經,該句完整形式為:If I have ever been to the Great Wall...;if any如果有一些(表示數量);if so如果那樣;if not如果不。 2.(2024·杭州質量檢測)Be careful when you deal with this chemical,as it will explode when________to sunlight. A.being exposed
B.to expose C.exposing
D.exposed 解析:選D。考查非謂語動詞。句意:當你處理這種化學物品時要小心,因為當它暴露在陽光下時會爆炸。后半句是“as it will explode when it is exposed to sunlight”的省略形式,it與expose之間是動賓關系,故用過去分詞形式。
3.(2024·泰安模擬)—Why didn’t you buy the gold ring? —I________,but I didn’t have the money. A.would have
B.bought C.would like to
D.had bought
解析:選A。省略的句子補充完整為:I would have bought it if I had had the money,是對過去事實的假設,用虛擬語氣;I didn’t have the money是事實,用陳述語氣。
要點濃縮 1.在when,while,whenever,till,as soon as,if,unless,as if,though,as等引導的狀語從句中,若謂語有be動詞,而主語又與主句主語相同或主語是it時,從句的主語和be常被省略。 (2010·高考大綱全國卷Ⅱ)Though surprised to see us,the professor gave us a warm welcome. 教授看到我們,雖然很驚訝,但還是熱情地歡迎了我們。 When people cut down big trees,new trees should be planted.If not they will have no trees to cut down in the future. 當人們砍倒大樹時,應該種植新樹,不然的話,他們以后就沒有樹木可砍了。
2.不定式省略,單獨使用不定式符號to。 (1)用來代替動詞不定式后被省略的動詞,常在be afraid,be glad,forget,hope,intend,like,love,mean,prefer,refuse,seem,try,want,wish等的后邊。 (2009·高考江蘇卷)—What’s the matter with Della? —Well,her parents wouldn’t allow her to go to the party,but she still hopes to. ——Della出什么事了?
——父母不允許Della參加晚會,可她仍然希望參加。 —Will you join in the game?——你愿意加入做游戲嗎? —I’d be glad to.——我很高興。
(2)如果不定式中含有be,have,have been,通常保留be,have和have been。 —Are you a sailor?——你是海員嗎? —No,but I used to be.——不,但我過去是。
欄目導引 語法精講 考點整合 語法專練 知能闖關 第十一節 特殊句式 第十一節 特殊句式 語法精講考點整合 經典品味 考點一 主謂一致 1.(2011·高考安徽卷)The factory used 65 percent of the raw materials,the rest of which ________ saved for other purposes. A.isB.are C.was
D.were 解析:選D。句意:工廠用掉了65%的原材料,其余的留作他用。本題考查主謂一致。which引導非限制性定語從句,本句中的which指代raw materials,“the rest of+名詞”作主語,謂語動詞應與of后的名詞保持一致。故本題設空處應用復數,排除 A、C兩項;根據主句時態可知此處應用過去時, 故答案為D項。
2.(2011·高考湖南卷)One-third of the country________ covered with trees and the majority of the citizens ________ black people. A.is;are
B.is;is C.are;are
D.are;is 解析:選A。句意:三分之一的國土被樹覆蓋,大多數的市民是黑人。考查主謂一致用法。“分數或百分數+of+名詞”作主語時,謂語動詞需要和of后面的名詞一致,the country為不可數名 詞,故第一個空填is;第二空前的主語中心詞是citizens,為可數名詞,所以第二個空填are。故答案選A項。 3.(2024·海淀期中練習)—Hey!Here is a message on my cellphone,telling me to send money to... —Delete it! It’s a trick.Many a person________ by such tricks. A.has been cheated
B.have been cheated C.were cheated
D.was cheated
解析:選A。考查時態、語態和主謂一致。答話人之所以讓對方刪除手機上要求匯款的信息是因為到目前為止已經有很多人上當受騙,所以用現在完成時的被動語態,排除C、D兩項;many a 表示“大量”,修飾單數可數名詞,謂語動詞用單數, 故排除B項選A項。 要點濃縮 1.people,cattle等集體名詞作主語時,謂語動詞必須用復數形式, 但family,class,team,group,public等集體名詞作主語時,如果把它們作為一個整體看待,謂語動詞應用單數形式;如果強調的是個體成員,謂語動詞應用復數形式。 The flooded family is made up of ten people,so the clothing is badly needed. 遭受洪災的家庭由十人組成,因此衣服十分緊缺。 2.如果主語由“more than one+n.”或“many a+n.”構成,謂語動詞用單數形式;如果主語由“more+復數名詞+than one”構成,謂語動詞一般用復數形式。 More than one boy likes to play basketball while many a girl is good at playing baseball. 不止一個男孩喜歡打籃球然而不止一個女生善長打棒球。 3.由or,either...or..., neither...nor...,not only...but also...等連接的并列主語,謂語動詞常與最近的主語在單復數上保持一致。 Either you or your secretary has to check over the speech draft and correct the mistakes. 要么是你要么是你的秘書必須檢查一下演講稿并把錯誤改過來。 4.如果主語后面帶有as well as,as much as,no less than,along with,with,like,rather than,together with,but,except,besides,including,in addition to等引導的短語時,句中謂語動詞的單復數取決于主語的單復數。 (2009·高考陜西卷)Dr.Smith,together with his wife and daughters, is going to visit Beijing this summer. Dr.Smith將在今年夏天和妻子女兒們一起游覽北京。 In my opinion,he rather than you,is to blame. 依我看來,他,而不是你該受責備。
5.單復數同形的名詞作主語時,應根據名詞的意義來確定謂語動詞的單、復數形式。 Every necessary means has been used to protect milu deer which are very valuable to us.As a result,the number of the milu deer is increasing. 用來保護對于我們來說很珍貴的麋鹿的各種必要手段都已使用。因此,麋鹿的數量正在增加。 6.由each,every,no所修飾的作主語的名詞即使有and連接,謂語動詞仍用單數形式。 Every boy and every girl wishes to attend the English evening party to be held on Saturday. 每個女生和男生希望參加星期六舉辦的英語晚會。
經典品味 考點二 倒裝
1.(2011·高考湖南卷)Only after they had discussed the matter for several hours ________ a decision. A.they reached B.did they reach C.they reach
D.do they reach 解析:選B。句意:直到他們討論了那個問題幾個小時之后才作出決定。本題考查倒裝句。only修飾狀語(從句)置于句首時,后面的句子要部分倒裝,排除A、C項;根據題干中的過去完成時可知設空處應該用過去時,故排除D項,答案為B項。 2.(2011·高考福建卷)—It’s nice.Never before________ such a special drink! —I’m glad you like it. A.I have had
B.I had C.have I had
D.had I
解析:選C。句意:——太棒了。我以前從來沒喝過這么獨特的飲料!——很高興您喜歡。本題考查倒裝句。否定副詞never,nor,not,hardly,little,seldom,scarcely,rarely及表示否定意 義的介詞短語置于句首時,后面的主語、謂語部分需部分倒裝,根據題意可知,設空處應該用現在完成時態,所以正確答案為C項。
3.(2011·高考課標全國卷) Try_______ she might,Sue couldn’t get the door open. A.if
B.when
C.since
D.as 解析:選D。句意:雖然Sue試著想打開門,但是她打不開。本題考查連 詞。as引導讓步狀語從句時意為 “雖然”,要求從句使用部分倒裝,即從句中表語、狀語或動詞原形置于as前。此句中設空前為動詞原形Try,符合as的用法,故答案為D項。 1.部分倒裝 (1)在so/such...that...句型中,若so/such...提到句首時。 So interested in the ancient town did the visitors get that they decided to stay there for another few days.
要點濃縮 這些游客對那個古鎮如此感興趣以至于他們決定在那兒再待幾天。 (2)hardly...when..., no sooner...than...,not only...but also...等引導兩個分句時,前一個分句用部分倒裝,后一個分句不變。 Hardly had they got to the bus stop when the bus pulled away. 他們剛到達車站公共汽車就開動了。 Not only should we know the theory,but also we should learn how to apply it to practice. 我們不但應該知道理論而且我們應該學會如何把理論應用于實踐。
(3)否定副詞never,nor,not, hardly,little,seldom,scarcely,rarely及表否定意義的介詞短語at no time,under/in no circumstances,in no case,by no means,on no condition等置于句首時。