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2024屆高三英語二輪復習【專題九】名詞性從句(精品教學案)

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2024屆高三英語二輪復習【專題九】名詞性從句(精品教學案)

  【專題九】名詞性從句

  【考情分析1.what,that引導名詞性從句的區別;

  2.whether,if引導名詞性從句的區別;

  3.名詞性從句與定語從句、狀語從句的區別;

  4.it作形式主語、形式賓語的情況;

  5.名詞性從句中的虛擬語氣。

  【知識歸納】

  考點一:名詞性從句分類

  名詞性從句相當于名詞,可分別作主句的主語、表語、賓語和同位語。因此,名詞性從句可分為主語從句、表語從句、賓語從句和同位從句。

  (一)主語從句

  1、主語從句在復合句作主語。

  e.g. Who will go is not important.

  2、用it作形式主語,主語從句放在句末。

  e.g. It doesn’t matter so much whether you will come or not.

  注意:that引導主語從句時,不能省略。

  e.g. That he suddenly fell ill last week made us surprised.

  (二)表語從句

  1、表語從句在復合句中作表語,位于系動詞之后。

  e.g. The question was who could go there.

  注意:引導表語從句的連接詞that有時可省去。

  e.g. My idea is (that) we can get more comrades to help in the work.

  (三)賓語從句

  1、賓語從句在復合句中作賓語。引導賓語從句的連詞that一般可省略。

  e.g. I hope (that) everything is all right.

  2、介詞之后的賓語從句,不可用which或if連接,要分別用what或 whether。

  e.g. I’m interested in whether you’ve finished the work..

  I’m interested in what you’ve said.

  注意1:whether與if都可以引導賓語從句,常可互換。但下面情況不能互換。

  ①賓語從句是否定句時,只用if,不用whether。

  e.g. I wonder if it doesn’t rain.

  ②用if 會引起誤解,就要用whether。

  e.g. Please let me know whether you want to go.(此句如果把whether改成if,容易當成條件句理解)

  ③賓語從句中的whether 與or not直接連用,就不能換成if;不直接連用,可換。

  e.g. I don’t know whether or not the report is true.

  I don’t know whether/ if the report is true or not.

  注意2以下情況只能用whether

  ⑴介詞后的賓語從句要用whether引導

  ⑵whether 可與不定式連用

  ⑶whether也可引導主語從句、表語從句、同位語從句,讓步狀語從句,以上從句中均不能換成if

  ⑷賓語從句中的whether 與or not直接連用

  e.g. It depends on whether we have enough money.

  They don’t know whether to go there.

  (四)同位語從句

  同位語從句在句中作某一名詞的同位語,一般位于該名詞(如:news, fact, idea, suggestion, promise等)之后,說明該名詞的具體內容。

  e.g. I have no idea when he will be back.

  The fact that he had not said anything surprised everybody.

  1.同位語從句的功能

  同位語從句對名詞進一步解釋,說明名詞的具體內容,一般由that引導。如:

  The king’s decision that the prisoner would be set free surprised all the people.

  國王作出的這名囚犯釋放的決定讓人們大吃一驚。

  2.同位語在句子中的位置

  同位語從句有時可以不緊跟在它所說明的名詞后面,而是被別的詞隔開。如:

  He got the news from Mary that the sports meeting was put off.

  他從瑪麗那里得知運動會要延期舉行。

  3.同位語從句與定語從句的區別

  1)定語從句中的that既代替先行詞,同時在從句中作某個成分(主語或賓語),而同位語從句中的that是連詞,只起連接主句與從句的作用,不充當句中任何成分。

  2)定語從句是形容詞性的,其功能是修飾先行詞,對先行詞加以限定,描述它的性質或特征;同位語從句是名詞性的,其功能是對名詞進行補充說明。如:

  The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year.

  他告訴我的消息是湯姆明年將出國。(第一個that引導的從句是定語從句,that在從句中作賓語)

  The news that Tom would go abroad is told by him.

  湯姆將出國的消息是他講的。(同位語從句,that在句中不作任何成分)

  that, whether, if, as if。that 無詞義,在從句中不擔任成分,有時可省略;if (whether), as if雖有詞義,但在從句中不擔任成分。

  Eg: The question is whether it is worth doing.

  My hope is that she will soon be well again.(表語從句)

  Everybody hopes that she will soon be well again.(賓語從句)

  That she will soon be well again is our hope.(主語從句)

  需要注意的是:引導主語從句,表語從句和同位語從句的情況,that是不可以省略的

  2. 連接代詞:who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whomever, whatever, whichever

  Eg:Who will take his place is unknown.

  That is what he is worried about.

  I have no idea which team will win.

  注意:連接代詞有詞義,在從句中擔任成分,如主語、表語、賓語、或定語等。

  3. 連接副詞:when, where, why, how, whenever, wherever, however

  Eg:Where she has gone s not known yet.

  Please tell me when we shall discuss our work plan.

  This is why he is late.

  You have no idea how worried I was.

  注意:連接副詞有詞義,在從句中擔任成分,作狀語。

  總結:連接代詞與連接副詞在句中不再是疑問句,因而從句中謂語不用疑問式,而應用陳述語序。連接代詞與連接副詞在從句充當句子成分,連接詞whether 和if(是否),as if(好象)在從句中不充當句子成分,只起連接作用。根據句義,如果連接代詞與連接副詞,whether、if 和as if都用不上時,才用that作連接詞(that本身無任何含義)。

  考點三

  that 和what 引導的名詞性從句

  that和what都可以引導名詞性從句,但that是連接詞,本身無詞義,僅起連接作用,不在從句中擔任任何成分;what是連接代詞,不僅引導名詞性從句,而且在從句中充當一定的成分,如主語、賓語或表語。如:

  That he stole a bike was true.

  他真的偷了一輛自行車。

  The important thing is what you do, but not what you say.

  重要的是你做什么,而不是說什么。

  考點四 if和whether引導的名詞性從句

  whether和if均可引導動詞后的賓語從句,常可互換。但從句中有or not時或介詞賓語從句中只能用whether連接。其他名詞性從句,如主語從句、表語從句、同位語從句只用whether連接,不用if。如:

  I don’t care about whether you have money or not.

  我并不在意你是否有錢。

  介詞后的賓語從句一般不用which和if引導,要用whether和what。that也很少引導介詞賓語從句,只在except, but, besides等之后才用。如:

  I could say nothing but that I was angry.

  我無話可說,只是感到生氣。

  考點五 “疑問詞”及“疑問詞+ever”引導的名詞性從句

  1.如何選擇這些引導詞呢?根據它們的意思和從句所缺的成分進行選擇

  (1)who意為“誰”,在從句中可以用作主語、表語或賓語。

  (2)whom意為“誰”,在從句中用作賓語,一般可以用who來取代,但在介詞后面時只能用whom。

  (3)whose意為“誰的”,在從句中用作定語。

  (4)which意為“哪一個”,在從句中用作定語。

  (5)when意為“什么時候”,在從句中用作時間狀語;where意為“哪里”,在從句中用作地點狀語;how意為“怎樣,多么……”,在從句中用作狀語;why意為“為什么”,在從句中用作原因狀語。

  2.連接代詞whoever,whatever,whichever可引導名詞性從句,相當于anyone who, anything that等。他們也可以引導讓步狀語從句,相當于no matter who/ what/ which。如:

  Whoever breaks the law should be punished. 任何違法的人都要受到懲罰。

  3.who / whoever, what / whatever等的用法區別

  一般說來,what/who等含特指意義,而whatever/whoever等含泛指意義,意為“無論什么/無論誰”,相當于anything that.../anyone who...。 如:

  Whoever wants to go may go.

  無論誰想去都可以去。

  Do you know who can repair a bike?

  你知道誰會修自行車嗎?

  You can have whatever food you want.

  你想吃什么都可以。

  He can do what he wants to.

  他可以(能夠)想做什么就做什么。

  【提醒】 

  (1)介詞后的賓語從句一般不用which和if引導,要用whether和what。that也很少引導介詞賓語從句,只在except, but, besides, in等之后才用。

  (2)引導賓語從句的連接詞that一般可以省略,但如果有二個或二個以上的賓語從句時,最后一個that不可以省略。

  (3)如果賓語從句后還有賓語補足語,則必須用it作形式賓語,而將賓語從句后置,并且that不能省略。

  (4)doubt用于肯定結構時,后面用whether/ if引導名詞性從句;用于否定結構或疑問結構時,后面用that引導名詞性從句。be sure 用于肯定句或疑問句時,后接that引導的名詞性從句;用于否定句時,后接whether/ if引導的名詞性從句。

  (5)連接代詞who,what,whose,which通常不能引導同位語從句。

  1. 在主語從句中, 下面的幾種情況謂語動詞通常用“should +動詞原形”,should可省略。 “It is+形容詞+that ... ”句型。常見的形容詞有important, necessary, natural, funny, strange, surprising, astonishing等。I was surprised/shocked that the boy should shout at his head teacher. 這位男生竟然對班主任大聲嚷嚷,我感到很吃驚。 It is strange that the poor old man should have been invited to his wedding. 那位貧窮老人竟然被邀請參加他的婚禮,真是奇怪。 “It is +名詞+that ...”句型。常見的名詞有pity, shame, advice, suggestion, proposal(提議,建議),requirement, request, desire, order等。It’s really a wonder that all the passengers on board should have been saved while the plane itself sank into the freezing Hudson River in New York.

  ③ “It is+動詞的過去分詞+ that ... ”句型。常見的動詞有advise, order, propose, request, suggest, demand, require等。如: It was ordered that no parking allowed in front of the building.. 在含有advice, order, demand, proposal(提議), requirement, suggestion等名詞的表語從句、同位語從句中,謂語動詞用“should+動詞原形”,should可省略。如: It’s his suggestion made yesterday that webuying a flat.

  3. 在下列動詞后的賓語從句中,謂語動詞用“should+動詞原形”,should可省略。這類動詞有:insist(堅持), urge(催促), order(命令),command(命令), request(請求,要求), demand(要求),require(要求,需要),suggest(建議),advise(建議),propose(建議) , recommend(建議, 推薦) 等。如:1.The doctor suggested that he (should) try to lose his weight. 2.He insisted that we (should ) tell him the news.

  4. 用wish表示對過去事情的遺憾。其句子結構為:賓語從句的謂語用過去完成時,或would, could, might+現在完成時。例: I wish (that可省略,下同)I hadn't wasted so much time.我后悔不該浪費這么多時間。(事實上已浪費了) He wishes he hadn't lost the chance.他真希望沒有失去機會。(其實已失去) We wished he had spoken to us.(wished,had + spoken)(事實上他并沒同我們講) I wish you had called earlier.(wish, had + called)(事實上已遲了). As many five courses are provided, and you are free to choose ______ suits you best. 【2024陜西卷】

  A whatever

  B. whichever

  C. whenever

  D. wherever

  1.B 考查名詞性從句。句意:由于提供了五個課程,因此你可以自由選擇最適合你的那一個。

  所填詞引導的從句做動詞choose的賓語,引導詞在從句中做主語,故正確答案為B。

  2. Jerry did not regret giving the comment but felt ______ he could have expressed it differently. 【2024北京卷】

  A. why

  B. how

  C. that

  D. whether

  2 C。本題考查名詞性從句。賓語從句不缺少成分用that引導。故正確答案為C。

  3.It suddenly occurred to him ____he had left his keys in the office. 【2024江西卷】

  A.whether B.where C.which D.that

  3.D考點:考察名詞性從句當中的主語從句。it作形式主語,真正的主語為that he had left his keys in the office。且that在句中無意義,并不充當任何成分。. Everyone in the village is very friendly. It doesn't matter ____ you have lived there for a short or a long time. [2024湖南高考真題

  A. why

  B. how

  C. whether

  D. when 4.C

  本題考查名詞性從句引導的用法。根據空后的or可知為whether … or短語。

  5. Evidence has been found through years of study______ children’s early sleeping problem likely to continue when they grow up. 【2024重慶卷】

  A. why

  B. how

  C. whether

  D. that

  4. D考查名詞性從句。分析句子結構可知,空白處后面為句子主語“Evidence”的同位語從句,在這一從句中,句意完整,不缺少成分,應該使用“that”作為引導詞。因此,正確答案為D選項。

  5.The limits of a person’s intelligence, generally speaking, are fixed at birth, but_____he reaches these limits will depend on his environment. 【2024安徽卷】

  A. where

  B. whether

  C.

  that

  D.

  why

  5.B 考查名詞性從句。首先把插入語generally speaking刪掉, but whether he reaches these limits作為句子主語. It is by no means clear _____the president can do to end the strike. 【2024全國新課程】

  A. how

  B. which

  C. that

  D. what

  6. D 本題考查主語從句。句意:總統采取什么行動結束這次罷工一點也不清楚。此處it是形式主語,what引導的是主語從句,作真正的主語。What作do的賓語。故空格處應使用兼語詞what, 故正確答案D。

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