2024年高考第二輪復習英語(安徽版)專題十特殊句式和交際用語
2024年高考第二輪復習英語安徽版 十、特殊句式和交際用語
真題試做
1.(2024·課標全國高考)—Which one of these do you want?
—______.Either will do.
A.I don't mind
B.I'm sure
C.No problem
D.Go ahead
2.(2024·天津高考)— Can I have a day off tomorrow,Mr. Johnson?
— ______.I can manage without you.
A.Forget it
B.I'm afraid not
C.It depends
D.Of course
3.(2024·天津高考)Only after Mary read her composition the second time ______ the spelling mistake.
A.did she notice
B.she noticed
C.does she notice
D.she has noticed
4.(2024·上海高考)Only with the greatest of luck ______ to escape from the rising flood waters.
A.managed she
B.she managed
C.did she manage
D.she did manage
5.(2024·上海高考)—Was it by cutting down staff ______ she saved the firm?
—No,it was by improving work efficiency.
A.when
B.what
C.how
D.that
考向分析
從近幾年高考試題來看,特殊句式主要考查倒裝句、省略句和強調句的用法,交際用語主要考查語境和英語思維習慣。命題的著重點在以下幾個方面:
1.考查倒裝句式,特別注意以下三種情況:
(1)含有否定意義的詞置于句首時,部分倒裝。
(2)only位于句首修飾狀語等,部分倒裝。
(3)so / such...that句型中,so / such位于句首時,后面的主句倒裝,that從句不倒裝。
2.考查省略句的構成,尤其是以下四種情況:
(1)省略主語、主語和謂語、主語和謂語的一部分。
(2)狀語從句省略為“連詞+非謂語動詞”形式,務必要明確句子主語與非謂語動詞的邏輯關系以及非謂語動詞與謂語的時間關系。
(3)不定式的省略。
(4)not,so,neither,nor的“替代性”省略。
3.考查強調句型的構成和強調謂語的方法。近幾年高考更加注重考查知識之間的交叉現象,加大了綜合考查語法知識的力度,以下幾個方面要引起高度重視:
(1)強調句型的一般疑問句式和特殊疑問句式的構成。
(2)強調not...until...句型的特殊構成方式。
(3)把強調句型與定語從句、省略句以及強調句型與時間狀語從句、地點狀語從句的考查等融合到一起考查學生綜合把握語法知識的能力。
4.考查習慣應答類交際用語。考查的方式以應答為主、提問為輔,側重考查上下句在語氣上的和諧一致以及考生的英語思維意識。要求考生掌握一些常見的諸如打電話、問路、購物等交際話題的固定套語,以及表示感謝、道歉、請求等的應答用語。
5.考查語言結構類交際用語。常以習慣用法和變異句(如省略句)的方式呈現,側重考查考生的識記能力和知識積累。要求考生依據對話情景和所掌握的正確交際用語來作出選擇。
熱點例析
考點一:倒裝句
1.全部倒裝常見的情況:
(1)here/there/out/in/up/down/away等副詞置于句首,句子主語又是名詞時,須用全部倒裝語序。如:
Here is a letter for you.
Out rushed the children.
Away went the boy.
句子主語是代詞時,不用倒裝語序。如:
Here she comes.
Out they rushed.
(2)有的句子為了保持前后平衡、使上下文緊密銜接,或為了表達生動,或為了強調表語或狀語,常采用全部倒裝語序。如:
Present at the meeting will be the person who thinks up an idea for this programme.
(3)表示地點的介詞短語位于句首時,須用全部倒裝語序。如:
In front of his house sat a small boy.
(4)so/neither/nor置于句首,表示前面的情況也適用于另一者時,須用全部倒裝語序。如:
He is a doctor.So is his wife.
I have never been there,and neither has he.
so位于句首,但表示對前面所說情況的認同和強調、前后主語一致時,不用倒裝,這時 so意為“的確,確實,真的”。如:
— He can speak English.
— So he can.
【典例分析】(2024·四川高考)This is not my story,nor______the whole story.My story plays out differently.
A.is there
B.there is
C.is it
D.it is
答案為C項。句意:這不是我的故事,也不是整個故事。我的故事結局是不同的。nor位于句首時,應用倒裝結構。該句主語應該是it,故選C項。
(2010·重慶高考)At the meeting place of the Yangtze River and the Jialing River ______,one of the ten largest cities in China.
A.lies Chongqing
B.Chongqing lies
C.does lie Chongqing
D.does Chongqing lie
答案為A項。表示地點或方位的副詞、介詞短語等位于句首作狀語時,句子應用全部倒裝,故選A項。
2.部分倒裝常見的情況:
(1)含有否定意義的副詞或連詞never / not / nowhere / little / seldom / hardly / not only / no sooner等置于句首時,須用部分倒裝語序。如:
Never shall I forget it.
Hardly had I reached the bus stop when the bus started.
(2)only置于句首,修飾狀語時,須用部分倒裝語序。如:
Only in this way can you learn English well.
(3)as意為“盡管”,引導讓步狀語從句時,把表語、狀語或動詞原形提前,并且作表語的名詞提前時,不能帶有冠詞。如:
Pretty as she is,she is not clever.
Try as he would,he might fail again.
(4)表示“如此……以至于……”的so/such...that...句型,為強調而把so/such...置于句首時,須用部分倒裝語序。如:
So carelessly did he drive that he almost killed himself.
Such a nice man did he seem that we all believe him.
【典例分析】(2024·遼寧高考)Not until he retired from teaching three years ago ______ having a holiday abroad.
A.he had considered
B.had he considered
C.he considered
D.did he consider
答案為D項。句意:直到他三年前從教學崗位上退休,他才考慮去國外度假。否定意義的副詞置于句首時,句子要采用部分倒裝語序,且根據retired判斷應用一般過去時,故D項正確。
(2024·陜西高考)Hot ______ the night air was,we slept deeply because we were so tired after the long journey.
A.although
B.as
C.while
D.however
答案為B項。句意:盡管晚上天氣很熱,我們還是睡得很沉,因為經過長時間的旅行之后我們太累了。as 引導讓步狀語從句時需用倒裝,其形式是將作表語的形容詞或名詞置于句首。
考點二:省略句
1.不定式的省略。某些動詞后面可省略作賓語的不定式而只保留to。但to后有系動詞be或助動詞have時,be和have也應保留。如:
He did not give me the chance,though he had promised to (give me the chance).
— Are you an engineer?
— No,but I want to be (an engineer).
— He hasn't finished the task yet.
— Well,he ought to have (finished the task).
2.在時間、條件、讓步等狀語從句中,當從句主語與主句主語一致時,從句主語可以省略,同時將從句的謂語動詞變為分詞形式。如果主語與從句謂語是主動關系,用現在分詞;如果是被動關系,用過去分詞。如:
While waiting / he was waiting there,he saw two pretty girls come out of the building.
If not / he is not invited,he won't go to your birthday party.
3.在時間、地點、條件、讓步等狀語從句中,從句主語與主句主語一致或從句主語是it,其后動詞是be時,可省去“主語+be” 部分。如:
When (he was)still a boy of ten,he had to work day and night.
If (it is)necessary,I'll explain it to you again.
4.表示“除了”的介詞but前若有實義動詞do/does/did/done,后面的動詞不定式不帶to。如:
I could do nothing but wait there.
介詞but前若沒有動詞do及其變化形式,后面的不定式帶to。如:
We had no choice but to obey the rules.
【典例分析】(2010·全國高考)Though ______ to see us,the professor gave us a warm welcome.
A.surprising
B.was surprised
C.surprised
D.being surprised
答案為C項。所選詞的邏輯主語是the professor,故用surprised表示“驚訝的”。surprising意為“令人驚訝的”,不合句意。此處Though surprised to see us是狀語從句Though he was surprised to see us的省略。
(2009·江蘇高考)—What's the matter with Della?
—Well,her parents wouldn't allow her to go to the party,but she still ______.
A.hopes to
B.hopes so
C.hopes not
D.hopes for
答案為A項。hope to do sth.表示“希望做某事”,根據語境判斷此處是hopes to allow her to go to the party的省略。B項表示“她仍然希望這樣(父母不允許她去參加聚會)”,顯然不合語境。
考點三:強調句型
1.構成形式:it is/was+被強調部分+that/who/whom...
2.強調句型常用來強調句子的主語、賓語或狀語。該句型的主語總是無意義的it,不可換用this或that。無論強調什么,引導詞都可用that,強調人時,引導詞可用who / whom,不可使用其他引導詞。如:
It was Li Ping that/whom I met in the park yesterday.
Was it yesterday that he met Li Ping?
When and where was it that you were born?
3.not until置于句首時須用倒裝語序。強調not...until...句型的時間狀語時,要把not與until連在一起。如:
It was not until his wife came back that he went to bed.
4.在強調句型中,當強調主語時,其后的謂語動詞應同被強調成分的人稱和數保持一致。如:
It is I who am responsible for the accident.
5.強調句型不能用來強調句子的謂語。需要強調謂語動詞時,要借助于助動詞do / does / did,表示“確實,真的,務必”之意。如:
Do sit down.
He does work very hard.
He did write to you last week.
【典例分析】(2024·湖南高考)It was not until I came here ______ I realized this place was famous for not only its beauty but also its weather.
A.who
B.that
C.where
D.before
答案為B項。句意:直到來到此地我才意識到此處出名的不僅是它的美景而且還有這里的天氣。判斷是否是強調句式的方法是將it is/was...that去掉時句式是否完整。不難看出此處是強調not until引導的時間狀語,故B項正確。
(2024·重慶高考)It was 80 years before Christopher Columbus crossed the Atlantic ______ Zheng He had sailed to East Africa.
A.when
B.that
C.after
D.since
答案為B項。該題為強調句型。強調的是時間狀語80 years before Christopher Columbus crossed the Atlantic,故用that來引導。句意:在哥倫布橫渡大西洋80年前,鄭和就已經航海到達了東非。
(2010·四川高考)If you have a job,______ yourself to it and finally you'll succeed.
A.do devote
B.don't devote
C.devoting
D.not devoting
答案為A項。分析語法結構可知,if引導一個條件狀語從句,后面應該是一個主句,所以首先排除非謂語動詞的C、D項;再根據后面句意“最后你會成功的”可知應選A項。do在肯定句中表示強調,用來加強語氣,意思是“務必,千萬,確實”。
考點四:反意疑問句
構成形式:“肯定句+否定疑問句”或“否定句+肯定疑問句”
1.前面若有多個句子并列,則以最后一個句子為準;若前面部分為主從復合句,一般來說,以主句為準;但若主從復合句的主句謂語動詞是think/believe/suppose/imagine/expect/guess等,主語又是第一人稱且為一般現在時、謂語又沒有任何副詞修飾時,反意疑問部分的動詞、時態、人稱則以從句為準,而肯、否定形式依主句而定。
Mr.Smith had been to Beijing for several times,so he should have been in China now,shouldn't he?
He said he wanted to visit Japan,didn't he?
I don't think he is bright,is he?
2.前面句子含有must/can't/may等表示推測的詞時,疑問部分則依據句子的實際時態及時間狀語而定。
He must be a doctor,isn't he?
He must have finished it yesterday,didn't he?
3.前面部分有否定意義的no,nothing,nobody,never,few,seldom,hardly,rarely,little等詞時,后面部分用肯定形式;但若前面部分含有由否定詞綴構成的否定詞時,后面部分還是用否定形式。
Some plants never blossom,do they?
It is impossible,isn't it?
【典例分析】(2011·上海高考)It doesn't matter if they want to come to your party,______?
A.doesn't it
B.does it
C.don't they
D.do they
答案為B項。復合句的反義疑問句的構成原則就是與主句保持一致,該題主句部分為否定,所以答案為B項。句意:他們是否來參加你的聚會沒有關系,是嗎?
(2024·江蘇高考)There is little doubt in your mind that he is innocent,______?
A.is there
B.isn't there
C.is he
D.isn't he
答案為A項。一般來說,復合句后面的反意疑問句應根據主句構成,可排除C、D項;該題主句中有否定意義的little,所以反問時用肯定形式,答案為A項。
考點五:社會交往類交際用語
1.介紹:
This is...