2024高考英語考綱解讀及熱點演練:7 時態與語態
課程標準要求中學生掌握常見的十種時態用法。近三年來各地試題考查最多的是一般過去時、過去完成時、過去進行時、現在完成進行時和現在完成時。高考中動詞時態命題,每年每份試卷中都有2~3個小題,每小題均設置明確的語境。一般來說,命題人總是把易混淆或相近的時態放在一起,增加考題的難度。而被動語態的考點大都集中在被動語態的時態,近三年來考查最多的時態是現在完成時,其次是一般過去時。1.(2024·福建,26)The girl has a great interest in sport and ________ badminton classes twice a week over the last three years.A.took
B.is taking
C.takes
D.has been taking
2.(2024·北京,28)Hurry up! Mark and Carl ________ us.
A.expect
B.are expecting
C.have expected
D.will expect
3.(2024·北京,32)—So what is the procedure?
—All the applicants ________ before a final decision is made by the authority.
A.interview
B.are interviewing
C.are interviewed
D.are being interviewed
4.(2024·湖南,22)“What do you want to be?”asked Mrs.Crawford.“Oh, I________president,”said the boy, with a smile.
A.have been
B.am
C.was
D.will be
5.(2024·湖南,26)If nothing________,the oceans will turn into fish deserts.
A.does
B.had been done
C.will do
D.is done
6.(2024·湖南,34)—I don't understand why you didn't go to the lecture yesterday afternoon.
—I'm so sorry.But I________my homework.
A.had done
B.was doing
C.would do
D.am doing
7.(2024·江蘇,21)Generally,students' inner motivation with high expectations from others________essential to their development.
A.is
B.are
C.was
D.were
8.(2024·江蘇,25)—Could I use your car tomorrow morning?
—Sure.I________a report at home.
A.will be writing
B.will have written
C.have written
D.have been writing
9.(2024·山東,27)—Oh no! We're too late.The train________.
— That's OK.We'll catch the next train to London.
A.was leaving
B.had left
C.has left
D.has been leaving
10.(2024·遼寧,22)He was unhappy when he sold his guitar.After all,he________it for a very long time.A.has had
B.had had
C.has
D.had
【例1】 “Life is like walking in the snow,”Granny used to say,“because every step ________.”A.has shown
B.is showing
C.shows
D.showed
【例2】 The fact that so many people still smoke in public places ________ that we may need a nationwide campaign to raise awareness of the risks of smoking.
A.suggest
B.suggests
C.suggested
D.suggesting
答案 B
1.經常性或習慣性的動作,常與表示頻度的時間狀語如every...,sometimes,at...等連用。
I leave home for school at 7 every morning.
2.客觀真理、客觀存在、科學事實或格言警句,若出現在賓語從句中,即使主句是過去時,從句謂語也要用一般現在時。
Columbus proved that the earth is round.(客觀真理)
3.一般現在時表將來
下列動詞:come,go,arrive,leave,start,begin,return的一般現在時表將來。這主要用來表示在時間上已確定或安排好的事情。
The train leaves at six tomorrow morning.
4.if條件狀語從句中,主句用將來時,從句用一般現在時表將來。
I won't go there, if it rains tomorrow.
【例3】 The three of us ________ around Europe for about a month last summer.
A.travelled
B.have travelled
C.had travelled
D.travel
【例4】 When I got on the bus,I ________ I had left my wallet at home.
A.was realizing
B.realized
C.have realized
D.would realize
【特別提醒】
1.一般過去時也可與since和for引導的時間狀語連用。例如:
I ________ in London for many years,but I've never regretted my final decision to move back to China. A.lived
B.was living
C.have lived
D.had lived
2.一般過去時還可與today,this week,this month,this year等時間狀語連用,但這些時間狀語顯然是指不包括“現在”在內的過去時間。例如: Did you see her today?你今天見到她了嗎?
3.如果since從句的謂語動詞是靜態動詞,則表示動作或狀態已結束,不再持續下去。例如:
It's two weeks since he was ill.他病愈已有兩周了。
It's a long time since she lived here.
她好久不在這里住了。
【例5】 —Ann is in hospital.
—Oh,really?I ________ know.I ________ go and visit her.
A.didn't;am going to
B.don't;would
C.don't;will
D.didn't;will
【例6】 Close the door of fear behind you,and you ________ the door of faith open before you.
A.saw
B.have seen
C.will see
D.are seeing
一般將來時的用法
(1)表示將要發生的動作和存在的狀態;
(2)表示對將來的看法、假定或推測;
(3)常用在與時間狀語從句、條件狀語從句連用的主句中。 (4)“will+do”表示從現在來看以后要發生的動作或存在的狀態,指事物的固有屬性或必然趨勢。
Fish will die without water.
沒有水魚將會死。
(5)“be going to+動詞原形”多用于口語中,表示“打算或計劃要做某事”。此外,還可以表示說話人根據已有的事實或跡象,對未來進行推斷。
They are going to meet outside the school gate.
他們打算在校門口見面。
(6)有些動詞例如:go, come, begin, leave, arrive, return, take等,其一般現在時、現在進行時都可以表示按計劃或安排將要發生的動作或狀態。
I'm leaving for Tibet on Sunday.
星期天我要去西藏。
【例7】 —I'm not finished with my dinner yet.
—But our friends ________ for us.
A.will wait
B.wait
C.have waited
D.are waiting
【例8】 “The moment ________ soon”,he thought to himself,waiting nervously. A.came
B.has come
C.was coming
D.is coming
現在進行時的用法
(1)表示說話時正在發生的動作;
(2)表示現階段正在進行的動作;
(3)表示近期特定的安排或計劃;
(4)go,come等表示起止動作的動詞可用進行時代替將來時。
(5)常與always,often等頻度副詞連用,表示某種感情色彩。如:
He is teaching English and learning Chinese.
The girl is always talking loud in public.
(6)事物作主語時,多用一般現在時表示按計劃安排的活動;人作主語時,多用現在進行時表示計劃要做的事。試比較:
The train leaves at 10 p.m.火車晚上10點開。
I am leaving tonight.我今天晚上要走了。
注意,下列動詞不能用于進行時:
感覺類:look, smell, feel, sound, taste, see, hear等;
情感類:like, love, prefer, admire, hate, fear等;
思想類:wish, hope, expect, want, need, believe, think, understand,agree, know等;
其他類:have, contain, win, hold, belong to等。
【例9】 After school we went to the readingroom to do some reading,only to be told that it ________.
A.was decorated
B.had decorated
C.had been decorating
D.was being decorated
【例10】 —When did the computer crash?
—This morning,while I ________ the reading materials downloaded from some websites.
A.have sorted
B.was sorting
C.am sorting
D.had sorted
過去時行時的用法
(1)表示過去某時正在進行的動作(不強調是否完成);
(2)表示某動作在過去某時間段內發生或經常發生;
(3)在口語中,有時用過去進行時表示現在的想法,語氣顯得委婉。如:I was wondering if you could do me a favour.不知你能否幫我一個忙;
(4)與一般過去時的區別:
a.一般過去時強調動作已完成;而過去進行時強調動作正在進行(未必完成)。
b.一般過去時的謂語動詞既可以延續性的,也可是終止性的;而過去進行時的謂語只能是延續性的。如:
His brother joined in the army in 1992.他哥哥于1992年參軍。(join為終止性動詞)。
My mother was cooking when I got home.我到家時我母親正在做飯。(cook為延續性動詞)。
現在完成進行時
【例11】 In order to find the missing child,villagers ________ all they can over the past five hours.
A.did
B.do
C.had done
D.have been doing
【例12】 Tom ________ in the library every night over the last three months.
A.works
B.worked
C.has been working
D.had been working
現在完成進行時的用法
(1)表示從過去某時開始一直持續到現在的動作,并且現在還在進行。如:
I have been learning English since three years ago.
三年以來我一直在學英語。(現在還在學)
The workers have been building the bridge for five months.工人們建造這座橋已經5個月了。(現在還在建)
(2)表示從過去某時開始一直持續到現在的動作,在說話時剛剛結束。如:
Where have you been?We have been looking for you everywhere.你剛才去了哪里?我們一直在到處找你。
將來進行時【例13】 I feel so excited!At this time tomorrow morning I ________ to Shanghai.
A.will be flying
B.will fly
C.have been flying
D.have flown
【例14】 If you plant watermelon seeds in the spring,you ________ fresh watermelon in the fall.
A.eat
B.would eat
C.have eaten
D.will be eating
將來進行時的用法
(1)表示在將來某一時間正在進行的動作。
(2)表示稍后的安排。
(3)表示對將要發生的動作的預測。
(4)將來進行時常與一些標志性的時間狀語連用。這些常見的標志性狀語有:
at this time tomorrow/the day after tomorrow,from 1:30pm to 4:30pm tomorrow/the day after tomorrow
【例15】 —Look!Somebody ________ the sofa.
—Well,it wasn't me.I didn't do it.
A.is cleaning
B.was cleaning
C.has cleaned
D.had cleaned
【例16】 —I remember you were a talented pianist at college.Can you play the piano for me?
—Sorry,I ________ the piano for years.
A.don't play
B.wasn't playing
C.haven't played
D.hadn't played
1.表示過去的動作對現在造成的結果或影響,常與非延續性動詞連用,常與其連用的詞有already,just,never等。如:
His brother has joined the Party already.他的兄弟已經入黨了。
2.表示從過去某時開始,一直延續到現在的動作或狀態,通常用延續性動詞,常與表示一段時間的時間狀語連用。如:
I've taught English for 15 years.我教過15年英語。
Where have you been all these years?
你這些年去哪里了?
3.表示過去的動作對現在來講已成為經歷或經驗。
We've all played with snow and ice.我們都玩過雪和冰。
4.常用現在完成時的句型。
It has been(is)+一段時間+since從句。
This(That/It)is the first(second...)time+that從句。
5.與since連用的句子常用現在完成時,since后常接從句(需用過去時)或表示過去某一時間的短語。
I've lived in this house since I moved here.自從我搬到這,就住在這所房子里。
6.在時間或條件狀語從句中,現在完成時可以代替將來完成時。 【例1】 By the time Jack returned home from England,his son ________ from college.
A.graduated
B.has graduated
C.had been graduating
D.had graduated
【例】 We arrived at work in the morning and found that somebody ________ into the office during the night.
A.broke
B.had broken
C.has broken
D.was breaking
1.過去完成時表示過去某一動作以前已經發生或完成了的動作(即表示“過去的過去”)。時間狀語可用by, before等構成的短語,也可用時間狀語從句或通過上下文的語境表示。
He said that he had been abroad for three years.
他說他在國外呆了3年。
2.表示動作在過去某一時間之前開始,一直延續到過去的這一時間,而且還可能繼續下去的動作,常用的時間狀語有:by then, by the end of, by the time, until, before等。
Until then he had known nothing about it yet.
直到那時為止,他對此仍一無所知。
3.用在It was the first/second/third ...time that ...句型中,that從句的謂語要用過去完成時。
This was the first time they had met in thirty-nine years.這是39年里他們第一次見面。
4.It was+一段時間+since從句。since從句的謂語動詞用過去完成時。