湖南長沙市2024高考英語（二輪）閱讀理解訓練（47）及答案

　　閱讀理解。閱讀下列四篇短文，從每小題后所給的A,B,C或D四個選項中，選出最佳選項。

　　A German study suggests that people who were too optimistic about their future actually faced greater risk of disability or death within 10 years than those pessimists who expected their future to be worse.

　　The paper, published this March in Psychology and Aging, examined health and welfare surveys from roughly 40,000 Germans between ages 18 and 96.The surveys were conducted every year from 1993 to 2003.

　　Survey respondents (受訪者) were asked to estimate their present and future life satisfaction on a scale of 0 to 10, among other questions.

　　The researchers found that young adults (age 18 to 39) routinely overestimated their future life satisfaction, while middle-aged adults (age 40 to 64) more accurately predicted how they would feel in the future.Adults of 65 and older, however, were far more likely to underestimate their future life satisfaction.Not only did they feel more satisfied than they thought they would, the older pessimists seemed to suffer a lower ratio (比率) of disability and death for the study period.

　　“We observed that being too optimistic in predicting a better future than actually observed was associated with a greater risk of disability and a greater risk of death within the following decade，” wrote Frieder R．Lang, a professor at the University of Erlangen-Nuremberg.

　　Lang and his colleagues believed that people who were pessimistic about their future may be more careful about their actions than people who expected a rosy future.

　　“Seeing a dark future may encourage positive evaluations of the actual self and may contribute to taking improved precautions(預防措施)，”the authors wrote.

　　Surprisingly, compared with those in poor health or who had low incomes, respondents who enjoyed good health or income were associated with expecting a greater decline.Also, the researchers said that higher income was related to a greater risk of disability.

　　The authors of the study noted that there were limitations to their conclusions.Illness, medical treatment and personal loss could also have driven health outcomes.

　　However, the researchers said a pattern was clear.“We found that from early to late adulthood, individuals adapt their expectations of future life satisfaction from optimistic, to accurate, to pessimistic，” the authors concluded.

　　1．According to the study, who made the most accurate prediction of their future life satisfaction?

　　A．Optimistic adults.

　　B．Middle-aged adults.

　　C．Adults in poor health.

　　D．Adults of lower income.

　　解析　細節(jié)理解題。由文章第四段第一句話“The researchers found that young adults (age 18 to 39) routinely overestimated their future life satisfaction, while middle-aged adults (age 40 to 64) more accurately predicted how they would feel in the future.”可知中年人可以更加精確地預測他們的未來。故選B項。

　　答案　B．Pessimism may be positive in some way because it causes people________.

　　A．to fully enjoy their present life

　　B．to estimate their contribution accurately

　　C．to take measures against potential risks

　　D．to value health more highly than wealth

　　解析　細節(jié)理解題。由第六、七段中的關鍵信息“...people who were pessimistic about their future may be more careful about their actions...”及“...contribute to taking improved precautions(預防措施)．..”可知對未來持悲觀態(tài)度的人會對他們的行動更加小心并且采取一些預防措施，故選C項。

　　答案　C．How do people of higher income see their future?

　　A．They will earn less money.

　　B．They will become pessimistic.

　　C．They will suffer mental illness.

　　D．They will have less time to enjoy life.

　　解析　細節(jié)理解題。由第八段第一句話“Surprisingly, compared with those in poor health or who had low incomes, respondents who enjoyed good health or income were associated with expecting a greater decline.”可知工資高的人會預料他們未來工資的下降，故選A項。

　　答案　A．What is the clear conclusion of the study?

　　A．Pessimism guarantees chances of survival.

　　B．Good financial condition leads to good health.

　　C．Medical treatment determines health outcomes.

　　D．Expectations of future life satisfaction decline with age.

　　解析　推理判斷題。由最后一段的最后一句話“‘We found that from early to late adulthood, individuals adapt their expectations of future life satisfaction from optimistic, to accurate, to pessimistic，’the authors concluded.”可知對未來生活滿意度的預測隨年齡的增長而下降。

　　答案　D閱讀理解閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個選項（A、B、C和D）中，選出最佳選項。

　　Searching for airfares often seems like a game that passengers are bound to lose. Prices change from day to day, even minute to minute.

　　Looking through multiple websites for the best deal can be a big challenge. Even when you do book, there’s no guarantee that you are going to get the best price.

　　“You just don’t know when to make a deal. It’s not like buying anything else I can think of,” said George Hobica, founder of Airfarewatchdog. com.

　　Harriet Levy paid $179 for a recent round—trip flight on American Airlines between New York and Fort Lauderdale, Florida. Sitting just one row behind her, Shirley Harrison paid $ 215. A few rows back, Ellis and Dianne Traub paid $ 317 each. There were at least 12 fares on the flight, ranging from $169 to $360. There’s no reason for it, Harrison said.

　　Fares can change significantly in just a few hours. One Delta flight from New York to Los Angeles jumped from $ 755 to $1,143 from a Friday to Saturday in late April, then fell to $ 718 on Sunday. The flight was one of a dozen the Associated Press followed over three months for a vacation between July 16 and 22. The number one finding: avoid booking tickets on weekends. It’s the most expensive time to buy.

　　There’s no way to guarantee the best fare. But before booking, travelers should pay attention to this additional advice:

　　Book on Tuesday, Wednesday and Thursday. That’s when airlines most often offer special sales.

　　Buy in advance, but not too early.

　　The best time is four to six weeks before traveling. In general, prices for any given flight are highest eight to ten weeks and two to three weeks in advance.

　　Make use of social media.

　　Airlines are giving more benefits to travelers who interact with them on Twitter and Facebook. But those specials are often gone within hours.

　　Choose the stable or the lowest? The fares of some so-called discount airlines, such as JetBlue, Air-Tran, Southwest and Frontier, are less changeable than other airlines, so you can feel more confident that the price will stay the same. But the fares aren’t always the lowest.

　　In all, there’s no way to guarantee the best fare, but researching different airlines’ fares can be the only way to get a good deal.

　　1. What can we infer from the first sentence of the text?

　　A. Airlines often play games with passengers.

　　B. Passengers are unable to search for airfares.

　　C. It’s difficult for passengers to get the best price.

　　D. Airfares are set in different situations.

　　2. By using a lot of figures, the author intends to ________.

　　A. discover the rules behind airfares

　　B. prove airfares can vary widely

　　C. guarantee passengers a low price

　　D. show there is standard price for every single airline

　　3. If you want to take a flight on Christmas, which time can be the best to book a ticket?

　　A. September 15th

　　B. October 15th

　　C. November 15th

　　D. December 15th

　　4. Passengers are advised to book flights _________.

　　A. at the lowest price by comparing as many airlines

　　B. with airlines which are famous for offering discount prices

　　C. through two apps on smart phones

　　D. on some special websites

　　參考答案1—4、CB CA

　　閱讀下列四篇短文，從每小題后所給的A,B,C或D四個選項中，選出最佳選項。

　　“So what is Quintura?” you may ask. “I like the search engine I currently use, My Favorite Search Engine. Why do I need anything else? My Favorite Search Engine knows everything about every subject I am interested in and I can access all of the information available on the Web with My Favorite Search Engine.”

　　“Oh, yes!” we answer. “Indeed! We have no doubt that you have chosen the best search engine for your own search purposes! We don’t want you to part with your favorite ─ Yahoo, MSN or Google.”

　　However, what if you think about searching in a different way. Have you ever raked through the paper card index of a big library? You have to find the necessary letter (or their combination), take the correct drawer, and start sorting through the cards. Ring any bells? After much time and effort, finally you find the long-awaited card!

　　Of course web search engines take away the laborious task of sifting (篩選) through paper index cards. And if you know the book’s exact author and title, either search is easy ─ on the web or in a library. But what if you know only your general search scope? Neither the author’s name nor the book title. In a library, the only way out is to ask a librarian. But on the web, what do you do? You are on your own.

　　Until now, Quintura is the very know-all librarian!

　　Imagine a conversation between you and the search engine you use most often, My Favorite Search Engine (MFSE).

　　You: I need some books on physics.

　　MFSE: No problem. We have a lot of good literature.

　　You: Oh. . . so many of them!

　　MFSE: You asked for books on physics, here, I’ve found some more.

　　You: No, I need only one branch of physics.

　　MFSE: But I have all the branches! Thousands of books. Choose whatever you want.

　　You: But I need the branch on solid movement: acceleration, friction and so on.

　　MFSE: Here they are. Books on physics. . .

　　Now imagine beginning the same conversation with Quintura (Qu).

　　You: I need some books on physics.

　　Qu: OK! We have a lot of good literature; what branch of physics do you need?

　　You: Branch? I’m not sure of its name.

　　Qu: What is your branch about?

　　You: Solid movement: acceleration, friction and so on.

　　Qu: Let’s see. Here is mechanics! Please note this list of books, our visitors mostly ask for these books on mechanics.

　　You: Thank you.

　　1. Quintura is the name of　.

　　A. a web search engineB. a well-known website

　　C. a big library

　　D. a librarian

　　2. What is the purpose of the writer’s talking about the paper card index of a big library?

　　A. To tell us how to find your book in a big library.

　　B. To remind you of your school life.

　　C. To advise you to think about searching in a different way.

　　D. To prove the paper card index is worse than web search engines.

　　3. In the writer’s opinion, if you know only your general search scope you’d better use　.

　　A. Quintura B. YahooC. MSN D. MFSE

　　4. From the two conversations we can learn　.

　　A. MFSE can provide you with more books than Quintura

　　B. MFSE always offers you some useless information

　　C. Quintura can help you find what you are searching for more quickly than MFSE

　　D. Quintura can offer you more information than MFSE

　　【參考答案】1—4、.ACAC

　　閱讀理解。閱讀下列短文, 從給的四個選項 (A、B、C和D) 中, 選出最佳選項。

　　Life is not a beauty contest.We all focus on our imperfections(瑕疵)．In fact，you should see yourself in a proper way.It's necessary for you to know that self- knowledge(自知之明)is the most important beauty

　　secret.

　　Don't hate yourself for wanting to be beautiful.Good-looking people get special treatment from strangers，employers and even their own mothers.We're not even close to our objective when it comes to judging our own looks.Other people see the whole package.But when we look in the mirror，we're likely to pay attention to imperfections.For example, that bump(凸起)on your friend's nose. It's her feature！It gives her character！But to you，that thing on your nose is completely ugly.

　　Our opinions of our own looks are also changeable.

　　So if we can't trust the judgment of ourselves，or the words of friends and family which can take away our doubts，we're left to the cool judgment of strangers to satisfy our curiosity about our appearances.The website“Hot or Not”，which lets people hand their photos in for others to judge，had nearly 2 million daily page views within a week in 2000.But it's not the best way to improve the judgment of yourself because you have no confidence yet in your mind.

　　Everyone may pay too much attention to his or her

　　own appearance，and at the same time worry about being criticized.If you are particularly attentive to your body，or

　　if you feel uncomfortable in public，you are certainly hotter than you think.And we all have the ability to change how other people judge us without changing our looks.When you believe that you look good，others will see you in a more favorable way.Improve your impression from the inside.Understanding your own advantages can help you stop worrying about your appearance and look better.

　　．What can we infer from the first paragraph?

　　A．We should focus on our advantages.

　　B．Don't be cheated by others' praise.

　　C．Judging oneself in a right way is important.

　　D．It's unnecessary to know the meaning of beauty.

　　答案：C　推理判斷題 。根據(jù)第一段“...self-knowledge is the most important beauty secret.”可知，人的自知之明是美麗的最重要秘訣。由此推之，正確評價自己很重要。

　　．What does the example in the second paragraph suggest?

　　A．Good-looking people are more popular than ordinary ones.

　　B．Some bad-looking people are afraid to look in the mirror.

　　C．Some people judge one by his appearance simply.

　　D．Sometimes we make our own imperfections bigger.

　　答案：D　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“That bump on your friend's nose. It's her feature！It gives her character！But to you，that thing on your nose is completely ugly.Our opinions of our own looks are also changeable.”可知，“你”可能認為朋友鼻子上的凸起是她的特色，賦予她個性。而如果在自己身上，就會看起來很丑陋。由此推斷，有時我們把自身的瑕疵放大了。

　　．“Hot or Not”________．

　　A．is a website which allows others to comment on your character

　　B．can't change your ideas completely unless you're confident

　　C．is a good way to make friends and makes you popular online

　　D．can satisfy one's curiosity about others' secrets

　　答案：B　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“But it's not the best way to improve the judgment of yourself because you have no confidence yet in your mind.”可知，這個網(wǎng)站不是提升“你”對自己評價的最好方法，因為在心里，“你”仍然沒有自信。所以，除非“你”有自信，否則這個網(wǎng)站不能完全改變“你”的想法。

　　．From the last paragraph we can learn________.

　　A．hanging our looks can make us more attractive

　　B．people shouldn't care about their own disadvantages

　　C．we can make ourselves more beautiful in the mind