第一部分(一)抓特定信息，逆向或正向推理

　　(2024·課標(biāo)全國(guó)·D)

　　Conflict is on the menu tonight at the cafe La Chope.This evening，as on every Thursday night，psychologist Maud Lehanne is leading two of France's favorite pastimes，coffee drinking and the “talking cure”．Here they are learning to get in touch with their true feelings.It isn't always easy.The customers—some thirty Parisians who pay just under $2 (plus drinks) per session—are quick to intellectualize (高談闊論)，slow to open up and connect.“You are forbidden to say ‘one feels，’ or ‘people think’，”Lehanne told them.“Say ‘I think，’ ‘Think me’．”

　　A cafe society where no intellectualizing is allowed? It couldn't seem more un-French.But Lehanne's psychology cafe is about more than knowing oneself: It's trying to help the city's troubled neighborhood cafes.Over the years，Parisian cafes have fallen victim to changes in the French lifestyle—longer working hours，a fast-food boom and a younger generation's desire to spend more time at home.Dozens of new theme cafes appear to change the situation.Cafes focused around psychology，history，and engineering are catching on，filling tables well into the evening.

　　The city's “psychology cafes”，which offer great comfort，are among the most popular places.Middle-aged homemakers，retirees，and the unemployed come to such cafes to talk about love，anger，and dreams with a psychologist.And they come to Lehanne's group just to learn to say what they feel.“There's a strong need in Paris for communication，”says Maurice Frisch，a cafe La Chope regular who works as a religious instructor in a nearby church.“People have few real friends.And they need to open up.”Lehanne says she'd like to see psychology cafes all over France.“If people had normal lives，these cafes wouldn't exist，”she says.“If life weren't a battle，people wouldn't need a special place just to speak.”But then，it wouldn't be France.

　　文章大意：本文主要講述了在法國(guó)“精神咖啡館”的社會(huì)意義和特色功能。

　　1．What are people encouraged to do at the cafe La Chope?

　　A．Learn a new subject.

　　B．Keep in touch with friends.

　　C．Show off their knowledge.

　　D．Express their true feelings.

　　答案：D　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段第三句Here they are learning to get in touch with their true feelings。可知，喬普咖啡館鼓勵(lì)人們表達(dá)他們真正的情感。故選D項(xiàng)。

　　2．How are cafes affected by French lifestyle changes?

　　A．They are less frequently visited.

　　B．They stay open for longer hours.

　　C．They have bigger night crowds.

　　D．They start to serve fast food.

　　答案：A　推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段第四句Over the years，Parisian cafes have fallen victim to changes in the French lifestyle—longer working hours，a fast-food boom and a younger generation's desire to spend more time at home.可知，多年來(lái)，巴黎的咖啡館成了法國(guó)生活方式改變的受害者，句中破折號(hào)后面的內(nèi)容指的就是現(xiàn)在的法國(guó)生活方式，即更長(zhǎng)的工作時(shí)間、快餐的興起和年輕人喜歡花更多的時(shí)間呆在家里，這些生活方式的改變都導(dǎo)致了人們不經(jīng)常去咖啡館，故選A項(xiàng)。

　　3．What are theme cafes expected to do?

　　A．Create more jobs.

　　B．Supply better drinks.

　　C．Save the cafe business.

　　D．Serve the neighborhood.

　　答案：C　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段第五句Dozens of new theme cafes appear to change the situation.可知，很多新主題咖啡館的出現(xiàn)似乎改變了現(xiàn)狀，也就是拯救了咖啡業(yè)，故選C項(xiàng)。

　　4．Why are psychology cafes becoming popular in Paris?

　　A．They bring people true friendship.

　　B．They give people spiritual support.

　　C．They help people realize their dreams.

　　D．They offer a platform for business links.

　　答案：B　推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段第一句The city's“psychology cafes”，which offer great comfort，are among the most popular places.可知，精神咖啡館在巴黎成為最受歡迎的地方之一，是因?yàn)樗鼈兘o予人們很大的安慰，即給予了人們精神上的支持，故選B項(xiàng)。

　　(二)根據(jù)文意結(jié)論推斷作者意圖或態(tài)度

　　(2024·課標(biāo)全國(guó)·C)

　　More students than ever before are taking a gap year (間隔年)before going to university.It used to be called the “year off”between school and university.The gap-year phenomenon originated(起源) with the months left over to Oxbridge applicants between entrance exams in November and the start of the next academic year.

　　This year,25,310 students who have accepted places in higher education institutions have put off their entry until next year，according to statistics on university entrance provided by the University and College Admissions Service(UCAS)．

　　That is a record 14.7% increase in the number of students taking a gap year.Tony Higgins from UCAS said that the statistics are good news for everyone in higher education.“Students who take a well-planned year out are more likely to be satisfied with，and complete，their chosen course.Students who take a gap year are often more mature and responsible，”he said.

　　But not everyone is happy.Owain James，the president of the National Union of Students(NUS)，argued that the increase is evidence of student hardship—young people are being forced into earning money before finishing their education.“New students are now aware that they are likely to leave university up to ￡15,000 in debt.It is not surprising that more and more students are taking a gap year to earn money to support their study for the degree.NUS statistics show that over 40% of students are forced to work during term time and the figure increases to 90% during vacation periods，”he said.

　　文章大意：本文講述了在美國(guó)，越來(lái)越多的高中畢業(yè)生通過(guò)休學(xué)一年的方式(gap year)來(lái)積累經(jīng)驗(yàn)，為未來(lái)的大學(xué)生活做準(zhǔn)備，但是也有人認(rèn)為，在這一年里很多學(xué)生不得不被迫打工賺取上學(xué)的費(fèi)用。

　　5．What do we learn about the gap year from the text?

　　A．It is flexible in length.

　　B．It is a time for relaxation.

　　C．It is increasingly popular.

　　D．It is required by universities.

　　答案：C　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第一段第一句More students than ever before are taking a gap-year (間隔年)before going to university.及第三段第一句That is a record 14.7% increase in the number of students taking a gap year.可知，間隔年越來(lái)越受到歡迎，故選C項(xiàng)。

　　6．According to Tony Higgins，students taking a gap year______.

　　A．a(chǎn)re better prepared for college studies

　　B．know a lot more about their future jobs

　　C．a(chǎn)re more likely to leave university in debt

　　D．have a better chance to enter top universities

　　答案：A　推理判斷題。由題干中的人名Tony Higgins定位到文章第三段，根據(jù)他所說(shuō)的話“Students who take a well-planned year out are more likely to be satisfied with，and complete，their chosen course.Students who take a gap year are often more mature and responsible，”可知，他認(rèn)為，花費(fèi)一年時(shí)間計(jì)劃的學(xué)生更成熟和有責(zé)任感，由此可以推斷出他認(rèn)為他們能更好地為大學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)做準(zhǔn)備，故選A項(xiàng)。

　　7．How does Owain James feel about the gap-year phenomenon?

　　A．He's puzzled. B．He's worried.

　　C．He's surprised. D．He's annoyed.

　　答案：B　推理判斷題。由題干中的Owain James定位到文章最后一段，根據(jù)第二句．..young people are being forced into earning money before finishing their education.可知，越來(lái)越多的學(xué)生會(huì)在結(jié)束學(xué)業(yè)之前被迫去掙錢(qián)，他對(duì)此是擔(dān)憂的，故選B項(xiàng)。

　　8．What would most students do on their vacation according to NUS statistics?

　　A．Attend additional courses.

　　B．Make plans for the new term.

　　C．Earn money for their education.

　　D．Prepare for their graduate studies.

　　答案：C　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一句NUS statistics show that over 40% of students are forced to work during term time and the figure increases to 90% during vacation periods...可知此處應(yīng)選C項(xiàng)。

　　(三)根據(jù)上下文的邏輯得出結(jié)論

　　(2024·湖北·E)

　　Science has a lot of uses. It can uncover laws of nature, cure diseases, make bombs, and help bridges to stand up. Indeed science is so good at what it does that there's always a temptation(誘惑) to drag it into problems where it may not be helpful. David Brooks, author of The Social Animal: The Hidden Sources of Love, Character，and Achievement, appears to be the latest in a long line of writers who have failed to resist the temptation.

　　Brooks gained fame for several books. His latest book The Social Animal, however, is more ambitious and serious than his earlier books. It is an attempt to deal with a set of weighty topics. The book focuses on big questions: What has science revealed about human nature? What are the sources of character? And why are some people happy and successful while others aren't?

　　To answer these questions, Brooks surveys a wide range of disciplines(學(xué)科)．Considering this, you might expect the book to be a dry recitation of facts. But Brooks has structured his book in an unorthodox(非常規(guī)的)，and perhaps unfortunate, way. Instead of introducing scientific theories, he tells a story, within which he tries to make his points，perhaps in order to keep the reader's attention.So as Harold and Erica, the hero and heroine in his story, live through childhood, we hear about the science of child development, and as they begin to date we hear about the theory of sexual attraction. Brooks carries this through to the death of one of his characters.

　　On the whole，Brooks's story is acceptable if uninspired. As one would expect, his writing is mostly clear and, to be fair, some chapters stand out above the rest. I enjoyed, for instance，the chapter in which Harold discovers how to think on his own. While Harold and Erica are certainly not strong or memorable characters, the more serious problems with The Social Animal lie elsewhere. These problems partly involve Brooks's attempt to translate his tale into science.

　　文章大意：本文講述了當(dāng)今許多作家如布魯克斯喜歡往他們的書(shū)里插入并不適用的科學(xué)理論，以增加書(shū)的吸引力，同時(shí)對(duì)其作品進(jìn)行了評(píng)論。

　　9．The author mentions the functions of science at the beginning of the passage to________.

　　A．illustrate where science can be applied

　　B．demonstrate the value of Brooks's new book

　　C．remind the reader of the importance of science

　　D．explain why many writers use science in their works

　　答案：D　推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段第三句及第四句可知，科學(xué)功能強(qiáng)大，以至于人們很容易將科學(xué)和那些與之無(wú)關(guān)的問(wèn)題扯到一起，許多作家就沒(méi)能抵制住科學(xué)的誘惑而往他們的書(shū)里插入科學(xué)理論。故選D項(xiàng)。

　　10．According to the author, which of the following could be a strength of the book?

　　A．Its strong basis. B．Its convincing points.

　　C．Its clear writing. D．Its memorable characters.

　　答案：C　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段第一句及第二句可知，布魯克斯的書(shū)缺乏創(chuàng)意但還能接受，公平地說(shuō)，他的文章大部分很清楚，一些章節(jié)與其他章節(jié)相比脫穎而出。故一本書(shū)只要能清楚地?cái)⑹鼍褪沁@本書(shū)的優(yōu)勢(shì)，故選C項(xiàng)。

　　11．What is the author's general attitude towards the book?

　　A．Contradictory. B．Supportive.

　　C．Cautious. D．Critical.

　　答案：D　推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段第四句及第五句可知，布魯克斯對(duì)書(shū)中的主人公刻畫(huà)不夠深刻，部分更嚴(yán)重的問(wèn)題在于他試圖將他的故事譯成科學(xué)語(yǔ)言。從作者的語(yǔ)氣可看出作者對(duì)該書(shū)持批判態(tài)度，故選D項(xiàng)。

　　12．What is the author likely to write about after the last paragraph?

　　A．Problems with the book.

　　B．Brooks's life experiences.

　　C．Death of the characters.

　　D．Brooks's translation skills.

　　答案：A　推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段第五句可知，布魯克斯的書(shū)中部分更嚴(yán)重的問(wèn)題在于他試圖將他的故事譯成科學(xué)語(yǔ)言，故接下來(lái)作者會(huì)闡述該書(shū)其他的問(wèn)題。故選A項(xiàng)。

　　(四)由文章內(nèi)容或結(jié)構(gòu)判斷出處

　　(2024·重慶·C)

　　Lakelander　

　　·2 hours ago

　　Today，a man talked very loud on his phone on a train between Malvern and Reading，making many passengers upset.I wonder how he would react if I were to read my newspaper out loud on the train.I have never had the courage to do it，though.

　　Pak 50　·57 minutes ago

　　Why not give it a try？Perhaps you should take lessons on a musical instrument.The late musician Dennis Brain is said to have asked a fellow train passenger to turn off his radio.When his request was refused，he took out his French horn (號(hào)) and started to practise.

　　Angie O'Edema　·42 minutes ago

　　I don't see how musical instruments can help improve manners in public.Don't do to others what you wouldn't like to be done to yourself.Once，a passenger next to me talked out loud on his mobile phone.I left my seat quietly，giving him some privacy to finish his conversation.He realised this and apologised to me.When his phone rang again later，he left his seat to answer it.You see，a bit of respect and cooperation can do the job better.

　　Taodas　·29 minutes ago

　　I did read my newspaper out loud on a train，and it turned out well.The guy took it in good part，and we chatted happily all the way to Edinburgh.

　　Sophie 76　·13 minutes ago

　　I have not tried reading my newspaper out loud on a train，but，several years ago，I read some chapters from Harry Potter to my bored and noisy children.Several passengers seemed to appreciate what I did.

　　文章大意：本文是從論壇上截取的關(guān)于不文明現(xiàn)象的討論，主要講述了一位名叫Lakelander的網(wǎng)友在論壇上描述了自己遇到的不文明現(xiàn)象后，眾人發(fā)表的關(guān)于自己經(jīng)歷的不文明現(xiàn)象的描述和看法。

　　13．The passenger made an apology to Angie O'Edema because ______.

　　A．he offered his seat to someone else

　　B．he spoke very loudly on his phone

　　C．he refused to talk with Angie

　　D．he ignored Angie's request

　　答案：B　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由題干中出現(xiàn)的核心詞匯Angie O'Edema得知答案在第三小節(jié)。根據(jù)．..a passenger next to me talked out loud on his mobile phone.說(shuō)明他旁邊的乘客很大聲地在打電話，之后提到He realized this and apologized to me.可知他因大聲打電話而道歉，故選B項(xiàng)。

　　14．Who once read a newspaper out loud on a train?

　　A．Pak 50. B．Angie O'Edema.

　　C．Taodas. D．Sophie 76.

　　答案：C　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四小節(jié)第一句話I did read my newspaper out loud on a train...說(shuō)明是Taodas這個(gè)人做過(guò)這件事，故答案應(yīng)選C項(xiàng)。

　　15．What is the

　　discussion mainly about?

　　A．How to react to bad behavior.

　　B．How to kill time on a train.

　　C．How to chat with strangers.

　　D．How to make a phone call.

　　答案：A　主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章的五個(gè)小節(jié)得知本文主旨。Laketander發(fā)起討論，看大家對(duì)不文明行為的反應(yīng)，后面幾個(gè)評(píng)論皆在討論該主題。因此，該討論主要圍繞的是人們面對(duì)不文明行為時(shí)該如何反應(yīng)。故選A項(xiàng)。

　　16．Where is the passage most probably taken from?

　　A．A webpage. B．A newspaper.

　　C．A novel. D．A report.