選修6 Unit 5（2）

　　The other two climbed down into the crater to collect some lava for later study，but this being my first experience，I stayed at the top and watched them.

　　另外兩人攀下火山口去收集供日后研究用的巖漿，我是第一次經(jīng)歷這樣的事，所以留在山頂上觀察他們。

　　this being my first experience是獨立主格結構。其主要的構成方式如下：

　　(1)獨立分詞結構：名稱或代詞主格＋分詞

　?、賂he guide leading the way，we had no trouble getting out of the forest.向導領著路，我們毫不費勁地走出了森林。

　?、贖e walked into the classroom，his_head_lowered.

　　他低著頭走進教室。

　　(2)名稱或代詞主格＋不定式

　?、跰ore presents to be given，she will find it difficult to accept.

　　再多給她一些禮物，她就會覺得很難接受。

　　(3)名稱或代詞主格＋形容詞(副詞、名詞、介詞短語)

　　④There_being_no_one_else_to_turn_to，I had to come to see you.

　　我沒有其他可以求助的人，只能來找你。

　　It is said that this boy，who had a great gift for language and persuasion，is the father of the Manchu people.據(jù)說這個男孩就是滿族人的祖先，具有語言天賦和很強的說服力。

　　It is said that...意為“據(jù)說……”，it為形式主語，指代that引導的從句。該結構還可以改變成sb.is said to do...結構。使用時注意不定式的一般式、進行式或完成式在結構上的變化。

　?、買t is said that a new shopping mall will be built in the city next year.

　　→A new shopping mall is_said_to_be_built in the city next year.

　　據(jù)說該市明年要建一家新商場。

　?、贗t is said that a new shopping mall is being built in the city at present.

　　→A new shopping mall is_said_to_be_being built in the city at present.據(jù)說該市目前正在建一家新商場。

　?、跧t is said that a new shopping mall was built in the city the other day.

　　→A new shopping mall is_said_to_have_been_built in the city the other day.據(jù)說幾天前一家新商場在該市落成了。

　　網(wǎng)It is thought that...人們認為……

　　It is believed that人們相信……

　　It is hoped that...人們希望……

　　It is reported that...據(jù)報道……

　　It is well-known that...眾所周知……

　　It is generally considered that...大家認為……

　　It is supposed that...據(jù)推測

　?、躀t is believed that at least a score of buildings were damaged or destroyed.

　　人們相信，至少有20座樓房遭到破壞或徹底被摧毀。

　　⑤It is hoped that the terrible disease will soon be controlled.

　　人們希望這種可怕的疾病能迅速得到控制。

　?、?句型轉換

　　1．Because there was no bus，we had to take a taxi to go to the station.

　　→________ ________ ________ ________，we had to take a taxi to go to the station.

　　答案：　There being no bus

　　2．John is said to be one of the best teachers in the school.

　　→________ ________ ________ ________John is one of the best teachers in the school.

　　答案：　It is said that

　?、?單項填空

　　1．(2024·江蘇南通二模)Carbon dioxide is said________the earth twice as quickly as previously feared.

　　A．to be heated B．to be heating

　　C．to have heated D．to have been heated

　　解析：　考查非謂語動詞。句意為：據(jù)說二氧化碳正以先前所擔憂的兩倍的速度加熱著地球。be said ＋to do意為“據(jù)說……”，Carbon dioxide與heat之間是主謂關系，而且heat這一動作與謂語動詞動作同時發(fā)生，所以用不定式的進行式。

　　答案：　B

　　2．(2024·南昌二模)Nuclear radiation is said________the biggest health challenge in Japanese Earthquake over the past few months.

　　A．being B．to be

　　C．to have been D．that it is

　　解析：　考查非謂語動詞。“sb./sth.＋be＋reported/said/believed/thought etc.＋to do sth.(＝It is/was＋reported/said/believed/thought etc.＋that...)”為常用句式，由此可排除A和D選項。且根據(jù)題干中的時間狀語“over the past few months”可知，空格處應該使用不定式的完成式。

　　答案：　C

　　3．(2024·安徽江南十校摸底)Global warming is having a great effect on hundreds of plant and animal species around the world，________some living patterns，scientists say.

　　A．changes B．changed

　　C．changing D．change

　　解析：　考查非謂語動詞。句意為：科學家們說，全球變暖正在影響著數(shù)百種的動植物并且改變了它們的一些生活方式。此處changing some living patterns作伴隨狀語。

　　答案：　C

　　4．(2024·鷹潭市二模)All the task________ahead of time，they decided to go on holiday for a week.

　　A．had been finished B．having been finished

　　C．were finished D．having finished

　　解析：　考查獨立主格結構。句意為：所有的工作都已提前完成，他們決定去度假一周。本題為獨立主格結構，task為finish的邏輯主語。句式分析：逗號后面為一完整句子，兩句話之間沒有任何連詞，因此前面不能再為句子，故首先可排除A、C兩項，又因為task與finish之間為被動關系，因此可排除D項。

　　答案：　B

　　5．(2024·銀川一中第四次考試)The girl in the photo was smiling sweetly，________.

　　A．her long hair flowed in the breeze

　　B．her long hair was flowing in the breeze

　　C．her long hair flow in the breeze

　　D．her long hair flowing in the breeze

　　解析：　考查獨立主格。句意為：照片中的女孩在甜蜜地微笑，長發(fā)在微風中飄揚。本句的后半句是獨立主格結構，hair與flow之間是邏輯上的主謂關系，故選D。

　　答案：　D

　　wave vt.波動；揮手；n.波浪；波濤

　　wave to向……揮手

　　wave goodbye to向……揮手告別

　　Mike and I picked up our things and waved goodbye to Mrs Martin.邁克和我收拾好東西與馬丁太太道了別。evaluate vt.評估；評價；估計evaluation n．估價；評價

　　make an evaluation of對……進行評估

　　They made an intensive evaluation of the health care program.

　　他們對醫(yī)療保健計劃進行了深入的評估。

　　unconscious adj.失去知覺的；未察覺的

　　unconsciously adv.無意識地；不知不覺地

　　conscious adj.神志清醒的；自覺的；有意的

　　consciously adv.有意識地；自覺地

　　Perhaps，unconsciously，I’ve done something to offend her.

　　我也許無意中做了什么得罪她的事。

　　【寫作素材】

　　1．與自然災害，如臺風、颶風、洪水、地震和火山等相比，人類很弱小。

　　2．巖漿流經(jīng)之處，一切都被掩埋在熔巖下面。人們驚慌失措，為自己的安全而擔憂。

　　3．消防隊員趕到起火的地方。雖然他們盡一切努力滅火，但是許多房子都被燒毀了。

　　提示：黑體部分用本單元詞匯表達。

　　【連句成篇】

　　Compared with natural disasters，such as typhoon，hurricane，flood，earthquake and volcano，humans

　　are

　　weak.Wherever the lava

　　flows，everything

　　is

　　buried

　　under

　　the

　　molten

　　rock.People

　　are

　　in

　　panic

　　and

　　anxious about their

　　safety.The firemen

　　make their

　　way

　　to

　　the

　　places

　　on

　　fire.Though they make every effort to put out

　　the fire，many houses are burnt to the

　　ground.

　　v．-ing形式

　　1．(2024·江西贛州適應性考試)To find a good job，I need to continue my education，________myself with rich knowledge.

　　A．equip B．to equip

　　C．equipping D．equipped

　　解析：　考查非謂語動詞。句意為：為了找到一個好工作，我需要繼續(xù)我的學業(yè)，用更豐富的知識來武裝自己。分析題干可知，本句已有謂語動詞need to continue，且逗號后無連詞，故equip應用其非謂語動詞形式來作伴隨狀語；又由于equip與其邏輯主語是主謂關系，故空格處應用現(xiàn)在分詞一般式形式，即equipping，故答案選C。而不定式常作目的狀語和結果狀語，不作伴隨狀語，因此可排除B項。

　　答案：　C

　　2．(2024·江西宜春市模擬)The girl was occupied in doing his homework，only________once in a while to look out of the window.

　　A．stopping B．to stop

　　C．stopped D．having stopped

　　解析：　考查非謂語動詞。句意為：那個女孩正忙著寫作業(yè)，只是偶爾地停下來向窗外看一看。分析句子結構可知，逗號后為非謂語動詞短語作伴隨狀語，且與邏輯主語之間是主謂關系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞stopping。C項表示被動、完成，B項表目的，D項表示動作發(fā)生在主句謂語動作之前，均不符合語境，可排除。

　　答案：　A

　　3．(2024·福建質(zhì)檢)________a large salary rise already，Sarah is thinking of buying a new apartment.

　　A．Receiving B．Received

　　C．To receive D．Having received

　　解析：　考查非謂語動詞。分析句子成分可知，逗號前為狀語，空格處與句子的主語是邏輯上的主謂關系，由此可排除表被動的B項。C項常作目的和結果狀語，也可排除。A、D兩項均可作狀語，且表示主動，A項表示與謂語的動作同時發(fā)生，D項表示在謂語動作之前發(fā)生。根據(jù)句意可知，空格處的動作是先發(fā)生的，因此應該使用現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式。

　　答案：　D

　　4．(2024·天津耀華中學?？?________the room，the nurse found the tape recorder________.

　　A．Entering；stealing B．Entering；gone

　　C．To have entered；gone D．Having entered；to be stolen

　　解析：　考查非謂語動詞和形容詞。句意為：護士進入房間里發(fā)現(xiàn)磁帶錄音機不見了。主語the nurse與enter是主謂關系，第一空用現(xiàn)在分詞形式；steal和the tape recorder是動賓關系，第二空應用過去分詞形式。由此可排除A、C、D三項。gone在這里是形容詞，意為“消失的”，故B項正確。

　　答案：　B課時作業(yè)(三十)　Unit 5　The power of nature

　　(本欄目內(nèi)容，在學生用書中以獨立形式分冊裝訂！)

　　第七講　“深奧難懂”的詞義猜測題

　　猜測詞義不僅是一項閱讀技巧，也是高考中考查閱讀能力的一個方面。因此，掌握一定的猜詞技巧對突破高考閱讀理解和提高考生的英語語言運用能力都有非常重要的意義。

　　(2024·北京卷)

　　EP Portable Heater

　　We all know that the cost of heating our homes will continue to be a significant burden on the family budget.Now millions of people are saving on their heating bills with the EP portable heater.With over one million satisfied customers around the world，the new EP heats better and faster，saves more on heating bills，and runs almost silent.

　　The EP has no exposed heating parts that can cause a fire.The outside of the EP only gets warm to the touch so that it will not burn children or pets.

　　The EP will not reduce oxygen in the room.With other heaters，you’ll notice that you get sleepy when the heat comes on because they are burning up oxygen.

　　The advanced EP also heats the room evenly，wall to wall and floor to ceiling.It comfortably covers an area up to 350 square feet.Other heaters heat rooms unevenly with most of the heat concentrated to the center of the room.And they only heat an area a few feet around the heater.With the EP，the temperature will not vary in any part of the room.

　　The EP comes with a 3-year warranty (保修) and a 60-day，no questions asked，satisfaction guarantee.If you are not totally satisfied，return it at our expense and your money will be given back to you.

　　Now we have a special offer for 10 days，during which you can enjoy a half price discount and a free delivery.If you order after that，we reserve the right to either accept or reject order requests at the discounted price.

　　Take action right now!

　　語篇解讀　本文為應用文，是一則關于加熱器的廣告。

　　1．What is mainly discussed in Paragraph 2?

　　A．The heat of the EP.B．The safety of the EP.

　　C．The appearance of the EP. D．The material of the EP.

　　解析：　主旨大意題。這段主要介紹了此款加熱器不會引起火災、燒傷孩子或寵物，由此可知本段主要在講加熱器的安全性，故此題選擇B項。

　　答案：　B

　　2．From the passage，we can learn that the EP________.

　　A．doesn’t burn up oxygen

　　B．runs without any noise

　　C．makes people get sleepy

　　D．is unsuitable for children and pets

　　解析：　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段的第一句話“The EP will not reduce oxygen in the room.”可知此題選擇A項。

　　答案：　A

　　3．The underlined word “evenly” in Paragraph 4 probably means________.

　　A．continuously

　　B．separately

　　C．quickly

　　D．equally

　　解析：　詞義猜測題。根據(jù)本段內(nèi)容可知，此款加熱器可以很均勻地加熱屋子而不像其他加熱器那樣只加熱屋子中心部分，故此題選擇D項equally平等地、均勻地。

　　答案：　D

　　4．The main purpose of the passage is to________.

　　A．persuade people to buy the product

　　B．a(chǎn)dvise people to save on heating bills

　　C．report the new development of portable heaters

　　D．compare the functions of different heater brands

　　解析：　推理判斷題。全文一直在介紹加熱器的優(yōu)點，倒數(shù)第二段提到了打折，最后一段號召大家趕快行動，從這些方面都可以看出這篇文章的主要目的是鼓勵人們買此產(chǎn)品，故選擇A項。

　　答案：　A

　　1．通過構詞法猜測詞義。閱讀中常常會遇到一些由熟悉的單詞派生、轉化或合成的新詞，考生可以依據(jù)構詞法方面的知識來猜測詞義。

　　2．通過同義、反義前后對比關系猜測詞義。在生詞所在的上下文中，有時會出現(xiàn)與之同義或反義的詞語，這時可根據(jù)熟悉的詞語的含義推知生詞的含義。

　　例如真題示例第3題，我們可利用前后對比法猜測詞義。下文提到其他加熱器只加熱屋子中心部分，而此款加熱器可以很均勻地加熱屋子，故猜測“evenly”的含義為“equally”。

　　3．同義解釋法

　　同義解釋形式多樣，有的利用下定義，有的利用or，that is (to say)，in other words，namely等引出后面的解釋，有的利用破折號，同位語(從句)，定語從句或同義詞、近義詞等引出后面的解釋。