11．虛擬語氣

　　1. If she had worked harder, she______.

　　A. would succeed

　　B. had succeeded

　　C. should succeed

　　D. would have succeeded

　　答：D。與過去事實相反的虛擬語氣：從句用過去完成式(had done)，主句用would (should，might，could)+現(xiàn)在完成式(havedone)的形式。

　　2. I wish I_________ you yesterday.

　　A. seen

　　B. did see

　　C. had seen

　　D. were to see

　　答：C。wish后接虛擬浯氣的從句，若表示與現(xiàn)在事實相反的愿望，謂語用過去式，若表示與過去事實相反的愿望，謂語用過去完成式，若表示與將來事實相反的愿望，謂語用would+動詞原形．如：I wish I were ten years younger now 我希望我現(xiàn)在年輕十歲。I wish I would be a scientist. 我希望我將成為一名科學(xué)家。

　　3. If my lawyer__________ here last Saturday, he__________ me from going.

　　A. had been, would have prevented

　　B. had been. would prevent

　　C. were, would prevent

　　D. were, would have prevented

　　答：A．從時間狀語last Saturday可知是與過去事實相反的虛擬語氣。

　　4. Without electricity human life___________ quite different today.

　　A. is

　　B. will be

　　C. would have been

　　D. would be

　　答：D。此題考查的足虛擬語氣的含蓄條件句，從時間狀語today可判斷是與現(xiàn)在事實相反的虛極語氣。

　　5. —If he_______, he_______ that food.

　　—Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately.

　　A. was warned, would not take

　　B. had been warned, would not have taken

　　C. would be warned, had not taken

　　D. would have been warned, had not taken

　　答：B。從 Luckily he was sent to...可判斷前一句是與過去事實相反的虛擬語氣。

　　6.

　　I told Sally how to get there, but perhaps 1 ___________ for her.

　　A. had to write it out

　　B. must have written it out

　　C. should have written it out

　　D. ought to write it out

　　答：C。 should have done表示本來應(yīng)該做但事實上沒有做的事，表現(xiàn)出遺憾，責(zé)備。埋怨的語氣。

　　7. I didn’t see your sister at the meeting. If she _________, she would have met my brother.

　　A. has come

　　B. did come

　　C. came

　　D. had come

　　答：D。從主句 she would have met.. 可判斷是與過去事實相反的虛報語氣。

　　8. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it___________

　　A. breaks

　　B. has broken

　　C. were broken

　　D. had been broken

　　答：C。從句的時態(tài)可說明是與現(xiàn)在事實相反的虛報語氣。

　　9. You didn’t let me drive. If we _____ in turn, you ________so tired.

　　A. drove, didn’t get

　　B. drove, wouldn’t get

　　C. were driving, wouldn’t

　　D. had driven, wouldn’t have got

　　答：D。從You didn’t let me drive 時態(tài)可知是與過去相反的虛報語氣。

　　10. If I had_______, I’d visit Europe, stopping at all the small interesting places.

　　A. a long enough holiday

　　B. an enough long holiday

　　C. a holiday enough long

　　D. a long holiday enough

　　答：A。enough做副詞用時，放在它所修飾的形容詞或副詞之后。

　　11. The two strangers talked as if they ________ friends for years.

　　A. should be

　　B. would be

　　C. have been

　　D. had been

　　答：D。從句子中時態(tài)talked可知asif引導(dǎo)的從句是與過去事實相反的虛擬語氣，另外for years也是判斷此答的重要信息。

　　12. ________it rain tomorrow, we have to put off the visit to Yangpu Bridge.

　　A. Were

　　B. Should

　　C. Would

　　D. Will

　　答：B。為虛擬語氣的倒裝句，相當(dāng)于 If it should rain tomorrow 萬一明天下雨。

　　13.

　　Without the air to hold some of the sun’s heat, the earth at night _______, too cold for us to live.

　　A. would be freezing

　　B. will be freezing

　　C. would be frozen cold

　　D. can freeze coldly

　　答：A。此題考查的是虛擬浯氣的含蓄條件句，所謂含蓄條件句就是條件從句井非是用if引導(dǎo)的從句來表示的，而是通過上下文或介詞短語來表示的。如：Under favora-ble conditions, we could have finished the work ahead of time. 要是在更有利的條件下，我們就會提前完成這項工作。He could have come, but he was busy then. =If he had not been busy then, he could have come.

　　14. If only he _________ quietly as the doctor instructed, he would not suffer so much now.

　　A. lies

　　B. lay

　　C. had lain

　　D. should lie

　　答：C。此題考查的是虛擬浯氣的錯綜時間條件句，從句和主句在時間上不一致，從句所表示的是與過去事實相反的虛擬，而主句表示的是與現(xiàn)在事實相反的虛擬。

　　15. —We could have gone there by bus.

　　—Yes, otherwise we _______ late.

　　A. weren’t

　　B. hadn’t been

　　C. couldn’t be

　　D. couldn’t have been

　　答：D。We could have gone there by bus 意為“我們本來是能夠坐汽車去那里”，但實際上并沒有坐汽車去那里，相當(dāng)于 We didn’t go there by bus。若將這一真實情況變成一個與事實相反的嵌設(shè)，則為If we had gone there by bus, we couldn’t have been late。

　　16. The teacher demanded that the exam______

　　before eleven.

　　A. must finish

　　B. would be finished

　　C. be finished

　　D. must be finished

　　答：C。在表示請求、命令、建議、要求的詞后的從句中應(yīng)使用(should)+動詞原形的虛擬語氣形式。如：He suggested that we be there in time.

　　17. I wouldn’t have succeeded___________ for his help then.

　　A. hadn’t it been

　　B. were it not

　　C. had it been not

　　D. had it not been

　　答：D。此題考查對虛擬語氣倒裝的掌握。if it weren’t for...和if it hadn’t been for…表示“多虧，要不是……的情況下”，也可用but for短語來表示。這兩個句型倒裝時僅需記住一句話：not總在“之后。如：We wouldn’t have finished the work had it not been for his help.要不是他的幫助，我們就不能完成這項工作。

　　18. If it ______for the snow, we ______ the mountain yesterday.

　　A. were not, could have climbed

　　B. were not. could climb

　　C. had not been, could have climbed

　　D. had not been, could climb

　　答：C。根據(jù)yesterday這一信息詞，可判斷是與過去事實相反的虛擬語氣。

　　19. Yesterday, Jane walked away from the discussion. Otherwise, she________ something she would regret later.

　　A. had said

　　B. said

　　C. might say

　　D. might have said

　　答：D。此題考查虛擬語氣的含蓄條件句，相當(dāng)于 If Jane had not walked away from the discussion, she might have said something she would regret later.

　　20. I’d rather he________ here.

　　A. come

　　B. comes

　　C. came

　　D. will come

　　答：C。①would rather (not)do ... 接省去to的不定式。②would rather后接從句，從句應(yīng)用虛擬語氣，謂語常用過去式。

　　21. It’s high time you___________ there.

　　A. go

　　B. went

　　C. would go

　　D. would have gone

　　答：B。It’s time接從句時，從句用虛擬語氣，謂語常用過去式，表示“早就該做”。

　　22. If he had listened carefully, he ________ the problem now.

　　A. can work ont

　　B. could work out

　　C. could have worked out

　　D. can have worked out

　　答：B。now為重要信息，可判斷此題考查虛擬語氣的錯綜時間條件句。從句與過去事實相反，主句與現(xiàn)在事實相反。

　　23.

　　If only I ______ as young as you are!

　　A. being

　　B. am

　　C. be

　　D. were

　　答：D。If引導(dǎo)的感嘆句中用虛擬語氣，謂語用過去式。

　　24. It is necessary that he________ there in time.

　　A. is

　　B. was

　　C. were

　　D. be

　　necessary

　　natural

　　desirable

　　advisable

　　答：D。It is

　　strange

　　that + (should) +

　　a pity

　　動詞原形的結(jié)

　　a shame

　　構(gòu)，表示驚奇、

　　no wonder

　　不相信、惋惜、

　　important

　　理應(yīng)如此等。

　　如：It was a pity / a shame / no wonder that you should be so careless.

　　It is necessary / important / natural / desirable / advisable / strange that we should clean the room every day.

　　25. My advice is that he________ there at once.

　　A. go

　　B. goes

　　C. went

　　D. going

　　答：advice, idea, order, demand, plan, proposal, suggestion, request等名詞后的表語從句和同位語從句，其謂語動詞要用虛擬語氣的結(jié)構(gòu)“(shoul)+動詞原形“。如We all agreed to his suggestion that we (should) go to the Summer Palace.

　　26. What should we do if it_______tomorrow?

　　A. should snow

　　B. would snow

　　C. snow

　　D. will snow

　　答：A。 if it should snow 萬一下雪

　　27. He ______ the test, but he wasn’t careful enough.

　　A. could have passed

　　B. were able to pass

　　C. must have passed

　　D. might be able to pass

　　答：A。此題考查虛擬語氣的含蓄條件句。 he wasn’t careful enough )為真實情況，若變成與實際相反的假設(shè)，應(yīng)是 If he had been careful enough, he could have passed。

　　28. —Have you ever been to Beijing?

　　—No, but I wish I_________.

　　A. have

　　B. will

　　C. do

　　D. had

　　答：D.相當(dāng)于 I wish I had ever been to Beijing.

　　29. Mother suggested we _________ TV before we have finished our homework.

　　A. not watching

　　B. not to watch

　　C. didn’t watch

　　D. not watch

　　答：D。suggest后接“(should) +動詞原形”的虛擬語氣。

　　30. The doctor’s words suggested that the old man ___________ seriously iii.

　　A. be

　　B. was

　　C. were

　　D. to be

　　答：B。suggest此處作“暗示，表明”解，后邊從句不用虛擬語氣。

　　31. Our English teacher insisted that it ___________ important to study English well.

　　A. be

　　B. was

　　C. is

　　D. to he

　　答：B。insist作“強(qiáng)調(diào)’解時，后邊的從句不用虛擬語氣。若作·堅持，主張”解后邊的從句用虛擬語氣，其謂語用“(should) +動詞原形”的形式。

　　32. If you ______ at school, you ______ a college student now.

　　A. had studied hard, would have been

　　B. should have studied hard, should have been

　　C. had studied hard. would be

　　D. would study hard, must have been

　　答:B。此題為虛擬語氣的錯綜時間條件句，從句與過去事實相反，主句與現(xiàn)在事實相反。

　　33. —We could have walked to the station, it was so near.

　　—Yes. A taxi ________at all necessary.

　　A. wasn’t

　　B. hadn’t been

　　C. wouldn’t be

　　D. won’t be

　　答：A。出租車役必要是真實情況。

　　34. A few minutes earlier and we ____ the train.

　　A. have caught

　　B. had caught

　　C. could have caught

　　D. were to catch

　　答：C。名詞短語+and…句式，相當(dāng)于 If we had started out a few minutes earlier, we could have caught the train.

　　35. I ________ you some money, but ] hadn’t any on me then.

　　A. would lend

　　B. would have lent

　　C. could lend

　　D. may have lent

　　答：B。 but 1 hadn’t any on me then為真實情況，若變成與實際相反酶靛設(shè)，應(yīng)為If I had had money on me then I would have lent you some money.

　　36. She made the demand that she _____ at once.

　　A. leave

　　B. leaves

　　C. left

　　D. to be left

　　答：A。demand后的同位語從句或表語從句應(yīng)用“should+動詞原形”的虛擬語氣，should可省略。

　　37. The young man insisted that he_________ nothing wrong and _________ free.

　　A. did, set

　　B. had done, should be set

　　C. do, be set

　　D. had done, must be set

　　答：B。此句意為：“那位年輕人強(qiáng)調(diào)說他沒有做過什么錯事，并且堅持應(yīng)釋放他。”insist作“堅持，主張”解應(yīng)用“(should)+動詞原形”的虛擬語氣，若作“強(qiáng)調(diào)”解時，不用虛擬結(jié)構(gòu)。

　　38. —1 be free tomorrow, I could go with you.

　　A. Could

　　B. Should

　　C. Might

　　D. Must

　　答：B。should表示“萬一”。此句意為“萬一我明天有空，我就和你一起去?！?/p>