2024屆高考英語考前沖刺:經典單項選擇易錯題
2024屆高考英語考前沖刺精選經典易錯題
1
名詞詞組以及普通名詞在具體語境中的運用
1.(典型例題) The head office of the bank is in Beijing, but it has
all over the country.
A. companies
B. branches
C. organizations
D. businesses
[考場錯解]
A或D
[專家把脈]
本題考查名詞的意義和用法。company“公司”,organization“組織”,business“買賣,商業”,branchd(地方辦事處或分支機構”。根據題意“這家銀行的總部在北京,但在全國各地都有分支結構”,因此選B.
[對癥下藥]
B
2.(典型例題)] Don’t leave matches or cigarettes on the table within
of little children.
A. hand
B. reach
C. space
D. distance
[考場錯解]
A或D
[專家把脈]
考生所熟悉的是課本上out of(one’s)reach的說法。根據語境不難看出這是一個祈使句,這里習慣表達還可以是beyond/within(one’s)reach,意思是“手不能及”。錯誤的根源在于考生只是記住其中的一種搭配,而語言是靈活的,多變的。
[對癥下藥]
B
3.(典型例題) The face of four famous American presidents on Mount Rushmore can be seen from a
of 60 miles.
A. length
B. distance
C. way
D. space
[考場錯解]
A或D
[專家把脈]
名詞按意義可劃分為普通名詞和專有名詞。這道題主要是要辨清四個名詞的具體含義。length長度;distance距離;way道路,方法;space空間,太空。結構“a distance of + 數字”來表示“有……的距離”。
[對癥下藥]
B
4.(典型例題)In dealing with public relations, we should make every effort to prevent the in personality.
A. contact
B. contrast
C. connection
D. conflict
[考場錯解]
B
[專家把脈]
拼寫相似或意義相近的名詞是最容易造成錯誤的選擇。四個名詞的意義分別是:contact接觸,聯系,交際;contrast對比,對照;connection聯系,關系;conflict爭論,沖突,抵觸,斗爭。從句意來看應該選D項。
[對癥下藥]
D
再如:(典型例題)Chinese arts have won the
of a Lot of people outside China.
A. enjoyment
B. appreciation
C. entertainment
D. reputation
[對癥下藥]
B
指贏得了別人的欣賞。
5.(典型例題) He proved himself a true gentleman and the beauty of his
was seen at its best when he worked with others.
A. temper
B. appearance
C. talent
D. character
[考場錯解]
A或C
[專家把脈]
本題考查意義相近名詞的用法。temoper脾氣;appearace外貌,儀表;slent天才,才能;character品性,性格,品度。根據句意應該是指和別人共同工作時的性格,因此填Characler.
[對癥下藥]
D
專家會診
1.英語中專有名詞是指個人、國家、地方、機構、組織等所有的名稱,如Asiathe Nile,China,THE Great Wall.普通名詞(一般可為數),表示一類的人或物的個體,如:car ,book,student等;集體名詞(一般為不可數),表示一群人或一類物的集合體,如jewelry,class,majority等;抽象名詞(一般為不可數),表示品質、行為、狀態、感情或其他抽象 概念如 danger,anger,friendship,encouragement等;物質名詞(一般為不可數),表示無法分為個體的實物,如salt,water,coffee,silk等。
2.名詞詞組一般由一個中心名詞來構成,如:the World Cup,a woman teacher,thje blind 等。也可臺是“限定詞+前置修飾詞中心詞+后置修飾語”來構成,如:a four miles’trip 或a four-mile trip,a son –in-law 等。
考場思維調練
1
Flight BA 123 to Vienna is now boarding at _
A. Gate 21
B. 21st Gate
C. the Gate 21
D. 21 Gate
答案: A
解析:Gate 21指21號門,也可說the 21st Gate.
2
—Hi, this way, please.
—OK. I sometimes have no sense of
when I arrive at the cross road.
A. position
B. direction
C. situation
D. condition
答案: B
解析:詞義辨析。direction方向;position位置;situation形勢;condition條件。
3
Now I come here at the __ of Mr. Smith to assist him finishing the work.
A. require
B. remark
C. demand
D.request
答案: D
解析:at the request of sb.或at sb’s request是固定 短語,“應某人的請求”。
4
She waited in
for her mother’s letter.
A.anxious
B. anxiety
C.anxiously
D. antique
答案: B
解析:短語in axiety表示“處于一種焦慮的狀態或情態。”
5
There
were some
flowers on the table.
A. artitlcial
B. unnatural
C. false
D. unreal.
答案: A
解析:強調不是天然生長的,而是“人工的、人 造的。”
命題角度2
名詞的可數和不可數
1.(典型例題)The young dancers looked so channing in their beautiful clothes that we took
pictures of them.
A. many of
B. masses of
C. the number of
D. a large number of
[考場錯解]
A
[專家把脈]
many可以直接修飾可數名詞復數形式,而manyof后常有the來表示部分,這是錯誤的原因。number of才表示“大量、很多”,選項D常用來修飾不可數名詞,而水ctures是可數名詞。masses of是非正式用語,后可接可數名詞。
[對癥下藥]
B
2.(經典題)He gained his __
by printing
of famous writers.
A. wealth; work
B. wealths; works
C. wealths; work
D. wealth; works
[考場錯解]
A
[專家把脈]
wealth出(財富)是不可數名詞,沒有復數。work當“工作”講時,是不可數名詞;但當“著作”講時,是可數名詞,在此句中要用復數形式。
3.(遼寧)I have done much of the work. Could you please finish
in two days?
A. the rest
B. the other
C. another
D. the others
[考場錯解]
B或D
[專家把握]
根據語境要取代的是前文的不可數名詞 work當“工作”講時,是不可數名詞;但當“著作”講時,是可數名詞,在此句中要用復數形式。
[對癥下藥]
A
專家會診
1.有些名詞一詞多義,同一個名詞表示這個意義時是可數(表示個體事物),表示另一個意義時是不可數(表示抽象概念)。如:experience作“經驗”講時是不可數名詞,作“經歷”講時是可數名詞。
2.有些名詞用作可數名詞時,表示個體的人或物,而用作不可數名詞時,則表示 一類的人或物集合體。例如:
My grandfather’s hair is grey.(泛指頭發)
She has got grey hairs.(指一根根頭發)
這些名詞的單復數形式有不同的含義,再如:water 水, waters 水域;danger危險,a danger 一個危險人物。Advice (勸告),advices(消息);arm(手臂),arms(軍火);cloth(布),clothes(衣服);custom(習慣),customs(海關)等。
考場思維訓練
1
Four __ are visiting our school now. two of them are
.
A. Russians; policemen
B. Russians; policeman
C. Russian man; policemen
D. Russian; policemen
答案: A
解析:考查名詞的復數形式。Russian的復數形式是Russians。
2
You know I have no __ for foreign languages.
A. knowledges
B. gift
C. character
D. characters
答案: B
解析:make sense of sth.是固定搭配,意為“弄懂,搞清楚”。
3
Perhaps we need to clear away these books to make for our new students.
A. place
B. area
C. room
D. space
答案: C
解析:這里room用作不可數名詞,表示“空間”。
命題角度3
名作定語和在一些固定短語中的用法
1.(經典題)Your fluency in Chinese gives you an advantage
__ the other candidates for the job.
A. for
B. with
C. than
D. over
[考場錯解]
C
[專家把脈]
此題看上去是介詞或連詞的選擇,實際是對名詞advantage用法的考查。如果單純從漢語思維角度來理解,很可能認為“比別人怎么樣”用than,實際上短語have an advantage over 是“比…具有優勢”的意思,是固定搭配。
[對癥下藥]
D
2.(典型例題)He got to the station early,
missing his train.
A. in case of
B. instead of
C. for fear of
D. in search of
[考場錯解]
A
[專家把脈]
容易混淆的是選項A和C.短語in case of是“萬一,一旦出現……情況”。instead of是“代替,而不”。in search of是“尋找、搜尋”,都不符合題意。for fear of是“擔心、害怕、為免于某種情況出現”的意思,最符合語境。
[對癥下藥]
C
3.(經典題) We’ve missed the bus. I’m afraid we have no but to take a taxi.
A. way
B. choice
C. possibility
D. selection
[考場錯解]
A
[專家把脈]
漢語習慣會理解成沒有辦法了,所以有可能錯選A。這里是固定短語have no choice but to do something,意思是“除了做…別無選擇”。
[對癥下藥]
B
4.(典型例題) The classroom is big enough
, but we’ll have to move if we have more students.
A. for the moment
B. on the moment
C. in a moment
D. for a moment
[考場錯解]
C
[專家把脈]
本題考查短語的意義和用法。For the moment目前,暫時;in a moment馬上,立刻;for a moment 片刻,一會兒。根據題意,應該填for the moment.
[對癥下藥]
A
專家會診
1.作直接定語的中詞一般是表示 時間、地點、材料和類別的名詞。如:summer school ,streer lights,paper money,coffee cup,women doctors.當名詞作直接定語時應該注意以下幾個問題。
(1)名詞作直接定語時一般 用單數,例如:a book srore ,a traffic light,a ticket office,a bus driver ,aboy friend,它們的復數形式分別是 book stores,traffic lights,ticket offices,bus drivers,boy friends.但是man ,woman作定語時,要與所修飾的名詞匯的數保持一致。例如: a man teacher ,這綿復數形式是men teachers.
(2)某些常有用復數形工的名詞作直接定語旱也用復數。例如:a goods train,a cloths shop,a sales department,a sports field,a news reporter等
(3)名詞固定短語常有出現在英語考試試題如單選、完形填空、單詞拼寫和短文改錯中。尤其是一些動賓關系的固定搭配。在復習中要注意積累。
例如:
You can take as many as you like because they are free of
.
A.charge
B.fare
C.money
D.pay
此題的答案選 A.be free of charge 是固定用法,意思是“免費”。
考場思維訓練
1
Some plants can take in carbon dioxide we breathe out and give out
__ oxygen to ns.
A. in case
B. in turn
C. in return
D. in addition
答案: B
解析:短語in turn是“反過來”的意思。
2
His letter was so confusing that I could hardly make any
of it.
A. explanation
B. meaning
C. sense
D. guess
答案: C
解析:make sense of sth.是固定搭配,意為“弄懂,搞 清楚”。
3
The new students are making __ for the coming __ meeting.
A. preparations; sports
B. preparation; sport
C. preparations; sport
D. preparation; sports
答案: A
解析:短語make preparations for sth./to do sth中preparation常用復數形式,sprot作定語時也常用復數形式。
命題角度4
冠詞常見的習慣搭配用法和部分物質名詞、抽象名詞具體化之后的冠詞用法
1 (典型例題 )After dinner he gave Mr. Richardson
__ ride to _
_ Capital Airport.
A. the; a
B.a; the
C./; a
D./; the
[考場易錯]
D
[專家把脈]
本題是考查冠詞的基本用法。名詞ride這里是表示“搭乘”的含義,是可數名詞;后者是由普通名詞,通常有定冠詞。
[對癥下藥]
B
2.(典型例題): It is __ world of wonders,world where anything can happen.
A.a; the
B.a; a
C. the; a
D./; /
[考場錯解]
A
[專家把脈]
一般來說,第二次出現的名詞前用定冠詞,所以會錯選A但這里world都是泛指,根據語境“這是一個充滿奇跡的世界,一個任何事情都可能發生的世界。”應該用不定冠詞。