【例15】 The book is worthy ________ again because it is very instructive. A．reading

　　B．to read C．to be read

　　D．of reading 答案　C 8．表示“需要”的動詞need，want，require或動詞deserve(“應(yīng)受，應(yīng)得，值得”)后的動名詞用主動式表被動意義。 【例16】 As a result of the serious flood，two-thirds of the buildings in the area________. A．need repairing

　　B．needs to be repaired C．needs repairing

　　D．need to repair 答案　A 注：這些動詞后的動名詞若改為不定式則要用被動式。 【例17】 His deeds deserved ________. A．to praise

　　B．being praised C．to be praised

　　D．having been praised 答案　C 四、不及物動詞和有些及物動詞(短語)無被動語態(tài) 常見的有occur，take place，happen，break out，belong to，appear，disappear，cost，last，agree with等。 【例18】 Great changes ________ in the city and a lot of factories ________. A．have been taken place；have been set up B．have taken place；have been set up C．a(chǎn)re taken place；are set up D．were taken place；were set up 答案　B 【例19】 I don't think the watch ________ much，which is ________ 30 dollars at most. A．cost；worth

　　B．worthy；worth C．cost；cost

　　D．worth；cost 答案　A 【例20】 In a struggle ________ for many years，the Aborigines claimed equal rights for all Australians，but the Australian government didn't pass laws to strengthen the rights until the 1960's. A．that lasting

　　B．lasted C．that was lasted

　　D．that lasted 答案　D 【例33】 By the end of last year，another new gymnasium ________ in Beijing. A．would be completed

　　B．was being completed

　　C．hasn't been completed

　　D．had been completed 答案　D 七、一般將來時(shí) 表示在將來的某個(gè)時(shí)候?qū)⒁l(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。 1．“will/shall＋動詞原形”表示將來的用法 will可用于各種人稱，shall一般只用于第一人稱。 【例34】 Great changes ________ take place in the future. A．would

　　B．will

　　C．did

　　D．shall 答案　B 注：will用于條件狀語從句時(shí)，表示“愿意”。 【例35】 If you ________ go to the countryside，you ________ go. A．shall；shall

　　B．will；may C．will；shall

　　D．shall；may 答案　B 2．“be going to＋動詞原形”表示將來的用法 表示打算和預(yù)測。 【例36】 The film ________ this Sunday. A．is going to be shown

　　B．is showing C．is to show

　　D．will have been shown 答案　A 3．“be to＋動詞原形”表示將來的用法 表示按計(jì)劃或安排即將要發(fā)生的動作，有時(shí)也表示命令、禁止或可能性。 【例37】 The teacher said，“All the exercises ________ be handed in on time.” A．will

　　B．a(chǎn)re to C．a(chǎn)re about to

　　D．a(chǎn)re going to 答案　B 4．“be about to＋動詞原形”表示將來的用法 表示即將要發(fā)生的事，通常不與具體的時(shí)間狀語連用。 【例38】 Look! Here comes a taxi.We ________ leave. A．shall

　　B．a(chǎn)re about to C．a(chǎn)re to

　　D．a(chǎn)re going to 答案　B 5．“be due to＋動詞原形”表示將來的用法 表示按計(jì)劃或時(shí)間表將要發(fā)生某事。 【例39】 The strike ________ begin on Tuesday. A．is due to

　　B．is about to C．shall

　　D．a(chǎn)re going to 答案　A 6．will/shall與be going to的區(qū)別 (1)be going to可用于條件狀語從句表示將來，而shall/will一般不可。 【例40】 If you ________ to my house，you'd better phone me first. A．will coming

　　B．shall come C．a(chǎn)re going to come

　　D．is to come 答案　C (2)跡象表明要發(fā)生某事，只用be going to。 【例41】 Look at those black clouds.It ________ rain. A．will

　　B．is going to C．shall

　　D．is about to 答案　B (3)若強(qiáng)調(diào)某個(gè)意圖是經(jīng)過事先考慮好的，用be going to；若表示某個(gè)意圖沒經(jīng)過事先考慮，而是在說話時(shí)的臨時(shí)決定，則用will/shall。 【例42】 —Mary is in hospital. —Oh，really? I didn't know.I ________ visit her. A．a(chǎn)m going to

　　B．will C．a(chǎn)m to

　　D．a(chǎn)m about to 答案　B 【例43】 —Mary is in hospital. —Yes，I know.I ________ visit her tomorrow. A．a(chǎn)m going to

　　B．will C．a(chǎn)m to

　　D．a(chǎn)m about to 答案　A 八、將來進(jìn)行時(shí) 表示將來某一時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動作，一般帶狀語。 【例44】 —Guess what，we've got our visas for a short-term visit to the UK this summer. —How nice！You________a different culture then.(2010·福建) A．will be experiencing

　　B．have experienced C．have been experiencing

　　D．will have experienced 答案　A 【例45】 If you plant watermelon seeds in the spring，you________fresh watermelon in the fall.(2010·浙江) A．eat

　　B．would eat C．have eaten

　　D．will be eating 答案　D 九、過去將來時(shí) 1．過去將來時(shí)的基本用法 表示從過去某時(shí)看將要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，多用于主句謂語動詞是一般過去時(shí)的賓語從句中。 【例46】 The discovery of gold in Australia led thousands to believe that a fortune________.

　　(2010·全國Ⅰ) A．is made

　　B．would make C．was to be made

　　D．had made 答案　C 2．用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示過去將來時(shí) 某些動詞(如：go，start，come，leave，arrive，take off等)的過去進(jìn)行時(shí)，可以表示過去將要發(fā)生的動作。 【例47】 —My father will be here tomorrow. —Oh，I thought that he ________ today. A．was coming

　　B．is coming C．will come

　　D．comes 答案　A 十、將來完成時(shí) 指將來某一時(shí)刻已完成的動作。常用于將來完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語有：by the time，by the end of，by等。 【例48】 By the time Jane gets home，her aunt ________ for London to attend a meeting. A．will leave

　　B．leaves C．will have left

　　D．left 答案　C 十一、時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng) 時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng)是指從句謂語動詞的時(shí)態(tài)受主句謂語動詞時(shí)態(tài)的制約。時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng)的兩個(gè)特點(diǎn)： (1)當(dāng)主句的謂語動詞為現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)，從句謂語動詞不受限制。 (2)當(dāng)主句謂語動詞為過去時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)，從句謂語動詞要與其保持一致，即用相應(yīng)的過去時(shí)態(tài)。 【例49】 I know that Jane ________ for London last week and ________ be back until next Sunday. A．had left；won't

　　B．left；won't C．was leaving；will

　　D．left；will 答案　B 【例50】 The old man told me that he ________ in the city for 50 years. A．has lived

　　B．was living

　　C．had lived

　　D．will live 答案　C 注：當(dāng)從句表示的是一個(gè)永恒的真理或表明一個(gè)人或東西的經(jīng)常性特點(diǎn)時(shí)，可以不受主句謂語動詞時(shí)態(tài)的約束。 【例51】 When I was five years old，my mother ________ me that the earth ________ round the sun. A．told；goes

　　B．had told；goes C．told；went

　　D．had told；went 答案　A 【例52】 Did he say the train ________ at 6：45? A．will leave

　　B．had left C．has left

　　D．leaves 答案　D 動詞語態(tài) 一、定義與用法 英語的語態(tài)分為主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)。主動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的執(zhí)行者，而被動語態(tài)則表示主語是動作的承受者。被動語態(tài)由“be/get＋過去分詞”構(gòu)成。 【例1】 This coastal area ________ a national wildlife reserve last year.

　　(2010·湖南) A．was named

　　B．named C．is named

　　D．names 答案　A 【例2】 This old bookcase ________ when we moved it. A．damaged

　　B．has damaged C．got damaged

　　D．was being damaged 答案　C 二、兩種特殊的被動語態(tài) 1．雙賓語動詞的被動語態(tài) 英語中有些動詞可以有兩個(gè)賓語，如：give，buy，bring，show，pass，offer，lend，leave，tell，write，sing，teach等，這些動詞用于被動結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，可以將其中任何一個(gè)賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z，而另一個(gè)賓語仍保留在謂語后面。如：He bought me many books.→ I was bought many books.或 Many books were bought for me. 【例3】 I ________ ten minutes to decide whether I should reject the offer. A．gave

　　B．was given C．was giving

　　D．had given 答案　B 2．短語動詞的被動語態(tài) 短語動詞是由“動詞＋介詞”，“動詞＋名詞＋介詞”等結(jié)構(gòu)構(gòu)成的動詞短語，在被動語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)中，不能漏掉其后的介詞。 【例4】 —Why does Lingling look so unhappy? —She ________ by her classmates. A．has laughed

　　B．has laughed at C．has been laughed

　　D．has been laughed at 答案　D 三、主動表被動的若干情形 1．系動詞(如look，sound，smell，feel，taste，prove等)要用主動表被動。 【例5】 Although all of the apples ________，none of them ________ good. A．have been tasted；taste

　　B．have been tasted；are tasted C．have tasted；taste

　　D．have tasted；are tasted 答案　A 2．英語中有些動詞如：open，close，shut，lock，move，read，wash，clean，cook，cut，wear，carry等，當(dāng)主語是物，且又表示主語的特征和狀態(tài)時(shí)，要用主動形式表被動含義。 【例6】 The stockings ________ easily. A．tear

　　B．a(chǎn)re torn C．tearing

　　D．a(chǎn)re being torn 答案　A 【例7】 Being popular with customers，the products ________ well and maybe ________ in two months. A．sell；sell out

　　B．a(chǎn)re sold；sell out C．sell；will be sold out

　　D．a(chǎn)re sold；will be sold out 答案　C 3．不定式to blame用作表語，通常用主動表被動。 【例8】 The policy is partly ________ for causing the worst unemployment in Europe. A．to be blamed

　　B．to blame C．being blamed

　　D．blaming 答案　B 4．“主語＋be＋形容詞＋to do”結(jié)構(gòu)中的不定式通常要用主動形式表示被動意義。 這類形容詞常見的有：convenient，comfortable，dangerous，difficult，hard，easy，impossible，interesting，nice，pleasant，safe，tough，tricky，unpleasant等。 【例9】 The chair looks rather hard，but in fact it is very comfortable ________. A．to sit

　　B．to sit on C．to be sat on

　　D．for sitting 答案　B 【例10】 A lot of people find modern art very hard ________. A．understood

　　B．to be understood C．to understand

　　D．being understood 答案　C 5．不定式用于某些動詞(如：have[有]，get，want，need等)的賓語后作定語時(shí)，如果不定式的邏輯主語是句子的主語，通常用主動形式表示被動意義。 【例11】 I have some clothes ________ now，so I can't go out to play. A．to wash

　　B．to be washed C．washing

　　D．being washed 答案　A 注：若不定式的邏輯主語不是句子的主語，則應(yīng)用被動式。 【例12】 Sir，do you have something ________？ I'm free now. A．to type

　　B．typing C．to be typed

　　D．to have typed 答案　C 6．在“with＋賓語＋不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)中，不定式表示將來的動作，且其邏輯主語是句子的主語，該不定式常用主動表被動。 【例13】 With so many difficult problems ________，I don't know if I'll have time to go camping with my friends this weekend. A．to settle

　　B．settled C．to be settled

　　D．have to be settled 答案　A 7．be worth后的動名詞要用主動表被動。 【例14】 These ten books recommended by this well-known website are really worth ________. A．to read

　　B．to be read C．reading

　　D．being read 答案　C 注：be worthy卻不一樣，其后常接不定式的被動式或of＋動名詞的被動式。 第五章　動詞時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)

　　△動詞時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)講解△ 動詞時(shí)態(tài) 一、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) 1．一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的基本用法 主要表示目前的特征或狀態(tài)、現(xiàn)在經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動作、客觀存在及普遍真理等。 【例1】 I ________ all the cooking for my family，but recently I've been too busy to do it.(2010·遼寧) A．will do

　　B．do

　　C．a(chǎn)m doing

　　D．had done 答案　B 【例2】 The teacher said that the sun ________ in the east. A．rose

　　B．raises

　　C．rises

　　D．is rising 答案　C 2．一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)在狀語從句中的用法 在以when，until (till)，as soon as，by the time，after，before等引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句或以if，unless，once等引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句以及以no matter when，however，even if等引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句中，如果主句中的動詞用一般將來時(shí)，從句中的動詞通常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替一般將來時(shí)。 【例3】 —When ________ again? —When he ________，I'll let you know. A．he comes；comes

　　B．will he come；will come C．he comes；will come

　　D．will he come；comes 答案　D 【例4】 I can't tell you if it ________ tomorrow if you ________ me. A．rains；will ask

　　B．shall rain；ask C．will rain；ask

　　D．would rain；will ask 答案　C 二、一般過去時(shí) 1．一般過去時(shí)的基本用法 (1)表示在過去某個(gè)時(shí)間所發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，或表示在過去一段時(shí)間內(nèi)的經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性動作。 (2)常用的時(shí)間狀語有：yesterday，last year，the other day，just now，three days ago，in 1999等。 【例5】 Sales of CDs have greatly increased since the 1900s，when people ________ to enjoy the advantages of this new technology. A．begin

　　B．began C．have begun

　　D．had begun 答案　B 【例6】 —Nancy is not coming tonight. —But she ________！ A．promises

　　B．promised C．will promise

　　D．had promised 答案　B 2．一般過去時(shí)用于狀語從句的表達(dá)方式 在時(shí)間、條件等狀語從句中用一般過去時(shí)表示過去將來時(shí)。 【例7】 He said he would go to see his mother when he ________ from abroad. A．returned

　　B．was returned C．would return

　　D．had returned 答案　A 【例8】 Helen ________ her keys in the office so she had to wait until her husband ________ home. A．has left；comes

　　B．left；had come C．had left；came

　　D．had left；would come 答案　C 三、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí) 1．現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的基本用法 表示此時(shí)此刻或現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動作。 【例9】 —I'm not finished with my dinner yet. —But our friends ________ for us. A．will wait

　　B．wait C．have waited

　　D．a(chǎn)re waiting 答案　D 【例10】 These days my father ________ a novel. A．writes

　　B．is writing C．has written

　　D．will write 答案　B 2．用進(jìn)行時(shí)表示將來的情況 某些動詞的現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)可表示計(jì)劃或安排好了的將來動作。常見的這類動詞有：go，come，leave，arrive，start，take off等。 【例11】 He ________ to see you tomorrow. A．comes

　　B．has come C．is coming

　　D．was coming 答案　C 3．a(chǎn)lways等副詞在進(jìn)行時(shí)中表達(dá)的意義 always，often，constantly，frequently，forever等副詞和現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)連用，表達(dá)說話人的某種感情，即“贊揚(yáng)”或“厭惡”等，可譯為“老是、總是”。 【例12】 John ________ of what he can do for others. A．a(chǎn)lways think

　　B．is always thinking C．has always thought

　　D．will always think 答案　B 【例13】 You ________ TV.Why not do something more active? A．a(chǎn)lways watch B．a(chǎn)re always watching C．have always watched D．have always been watched 答案　B 4．一般不用于進(jìn)行時(shí)的動詞 狀態(tài)動詞或靜態(tài)動詞通常不用于進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。如：like，love，prefer，want，think，wish，desire，believe，know，understand，realize，recognize，doubt，feel，forgive，guess，imagine，satisfy，taste，see，be，belong to，concern，contain，cost，depend on，deserve，have(有)，have on，lack，need，owe，own，remain，seem，sound等。 【例14】 I ________ Tom quite well.We were introduced at a party. A．a(chǎn)m knowing

　　B．was knowing C．know

　　D．had been knowing 答案　C 【例15】 —You are drinking too much. —Only at home.No one ________ me but you. A．is seeing

　　B．had seen C．sees

　　D．saw 答案　C 四、過去進(jìn)行時(shí) 1．過去進(jìn)行時(shí)的基本用法 表示在過去某一時(shí)刻或某一階段正在發(fā)生的動作。 【例16】 I walked slowly through the market，where people ________ all kinds of fruits and vegetables.I studied the prices carefully and bought what I needed.(2010·湖南) A．sell