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高三英語備考總復習課件人教版:專項語法4-形容詞和副詞 102張

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高三英語備考總復習課件人教版:專項語法4-形容詞和副詞   102張

  必 修 2

  Units 3~

  專項語法四 形容詞和副詞

  要點精析

  一、形容詞、副詞的特殊用法

  1.多個形容詞修飾名詞的排列順序

  限定詞(these, those...)+描繪性形容詞(表示人們觀點的形容詞,如beautiful, bad, cold等)+表示大小、長短、高低的形容詞+表示形狀的形容詞(如round, square等)+表示年齡、新舊的形容詞+表示顏色的形容詞+表示國籍或地區的形容詞+表示材料的形容詞(如wooden)+表示用途、類別的形容詞+被修飾的名詞。

  a beautiful old brown French handmade desk 一張漂亮的褐色法國手工制作的舊桌子

  all these last few days 最近的這些日子

  a light blue silk skirt 一件淺藍色絲裙

  another three English books 另外三本英語書

  some beautiful little red flowers 一些美麗的小紅花

  a beautiful white Japanese military jeep 一輛漂亮的白色的日本軍用吉普車

  the first beautiful little white Chinese wooden bridge 第一座美麗的中國小白木橋

  例 (2010·撫州一中測試)It is said that the________building was designed by a famous Frenchman, who has thousands of excellent works all over the world.

  A.red stone beautiful

  B.stone beautiful red

  C.beautiful stone red

  D.beautiful red stone

  解析:本題考查形容詞排序。冠詞、數詞排最前,接下來是主觀性的形容詞,最靠近被修飾的名詞的是表客觀性的形容詞,如顏色、國籍和材料等。

  答案:D

  2.形容詞作狀語

  形容詞作狀語表示伴隨或結果,并不表達動作的方式。

  He went to bed, cold and hungry.

  他又冷又餓地去睡覺了。

  He lay in bed, wide awake.

  他躺在床上醒著。

  He is standing there, full of fear.

  他非常擔心地站在那里。

  3.can not/never與enough或too連用表示“無論怎樣都不過分;越……越好”。

  You can not be careful enough/too careful to study.

  在學習方面,你再細心也不過分。

  —Mary, look, what did I find?

  瑪麗,你看,我找到什么了?

  —Oh, my lost key? I can't thank you too much.(=I can't thank you much enough.)

  噢,我丟失的鑰匙?太感謝你了。

  例 (2010·金華調研)—I always look out when crossing the street.

  —You're right. You cannot be too________.

  A.nervous B.careful

  C.hurried

  D.careless

  解析:考查雙重否定的用法。You can't be too careful.你怎么小心也不為過。can't是否定,too+adj./adv.也有否定意義,所以用雙重否定表肯定。

  答案:B

  4.熟記下列幾句有關形容詞、副詞的固定搭配

  He's dead/blind drunk.(=very drunk)

  他喝得酩酊大醉。

  He's wide awake.

  他完全沒有睡意。

  It's raining/snowing heavily.

  雨/雪下得很大。

  He's sound asleep.

  他睡得很沉。

  He's moving/breathing/drinking/smoking heavily.

  他吃力地移動/喘著粗氣/酒喝得多/煙抽得多。

  The traffic/His moustache is heavy.

  交通擁擠/他的胡子濃密。

  5.意義有別的同根副詞

  (1)

  (2)

  (3)

  (4)

  (5)

  (6)

  (7)

  (8)

  Deep in thought, he didn't notice me.

  陷入沉思中,他沒注意到我。

  He was deeply moved by the moving story.

  他被這個感人的故事深深地感動了。

  二、形容詞和副詞比較級的用法

  1.表示倍數的三種句型

  (1)...times as+原級+as...

  He can run three times as fast as John.

  他跑得有約翰的三倍快。

  (2)...times the size/length/width/height etc.+of...

  This table is three times the size of that one.

  這張桌子是那張的三倍長。

  (3)...times+比較級+than...

  This table is three times bigger than that one.

  這張桌子比那張大三倍。

  例 (2011·陜西,17)The new stadium being built for the next Asian Games will be________the present one.

  A. as three times big as

  B. three times as big as

  C. as big as three times

  D. as big three times as

  解析:考查倍數結構。句意:為下一屆亞運會興建中的新的體育館將會是現有的三倍大。根據倍數結構“倍數+as 形容詞原級as /倍數+形容詞比較級+than”可知B項正確。

  答案:B

  2.同等程度的比較

  用as...as, the same...as..., such...as引導

  He is a worker as good as Peter.(=He is as good a worker as Peter.)

  他和彼得一樣是個好工人。

  Linda is the same height as Jenny.

  琳達和詹妮一樣高。

  Henry is such a good student as Peter.

  亨利和彼得一樣是個好學生。

  3.與比較級有關的結構及運用比較級的注意事項

  (1)“比較級+than”表達一方超過或低于另一方的情況

  You look much younger than I do.

  你看上去比我年輕多了。

  She doesn't work harder than you(do).

  她工作不如你努力。

  (2)“比較級+and+比較級”意為“越來越……”

  As summer is coming, the day is becoming longer and longer.

  隨著夏天的臨近,白天變得越來越長。

  (3)“the+比較級...,the+比較級...”意為“越……就越……”

  The more careful you are, the fewer mistakes you'll make.

  你越仔細,犯的錯誤就越少。

  例 (2010·西城抽樣)In some people's opinions, the________ powerful the country becomes, the________pleasant it is to live in.

  A.most; fewer

  B.more; fewer

  C.more; less

  D.most; less

  解析:考查形容詞的比較級。該句其實是“the+比較級,the+比較級”結構。句意:在一些人看來,國家變得越強大,住在里面越不舒服。因此答案為C。

  答案:C

  (4)“the+比較級+of the two+名詞”表示“兩者中較……的那個”

  The taller of the two boys is my brother.

  那兩個男孩中高點的是我弟弟。

  (5)使用比較級應注意的問題

  ①比較的范圍

  如果比較的范圍不一樣,表達方式也應不同。

  China is larger than any other country in Asia.(比較的范圍一致)

  China is larger than any country in Africa.(比較的范圍不一致)

  ②比較的對象要一致

  相同的對象可以比較,不同的對象不能進行比較

  The population of China is larger than that of any other country in the world.(人口與人口相比,要用代詞that)

  ③注意比較結構中的省略現象

  由于日常交際的需要,在彼此都明白的情況下,比較對象往往省略

  —What do you think of the film?

  —I have never seen a better one.(后邊省略了than this film)

  Tom's composition, if not better(后邊省略了than Jack's), is at least as good as Jack's.

  三、形容詞、副詞最高級的用法

  1.most前如沒有定冠詞the,就沒有比較的意思,只是用來加強語氣,有“很,非常”之意。

  This is a most interesting story.

  這是一個很有趣的故事。

  2.最高級可被序數詞以及much ,by far, nearly, almost, by no means, not quite, not really, nothing like等詞語所修飾。

  Of all the students, Jack's oral English is almost the best.

  在所有的學生中,杰克的英語口語幾乎是最好的。

  The bridge being built now is by far the longest across the Yellow River.

  目前正在建的那座橋是橫跨黃河之上的橋當中最長的橋。

  I'd like to buy the second most expensive camera.

  我想買僅次于最貴的照相機。

  3.否定+比較級=最高級

  There is no greater love than that of a man who lays down his life for his friends.

  為朋友而放棄生命的人的愛是最偉大的愛。

  He has never spent a more worrying day.

  他過了最擔心的一天。

  例 (2011·全國Ⅱ,17)Mr. Stevenson is great to work for—I really couldn't ask for a________boss.

  A. better

  B. good

  C. best

  D. still better

  解析:句意:為史蒂文森先生工作非常好——我實在不能找到一位比他更好的老板了。比較級與否定詞連用表示最高級含義。

  答案:A

  運用提升

  1.(2011·全國Ⅱ,12)It is one thing to enjoy listening to good music, but it is________another to play it well yourself.

  A.quite

  B.very

  C.rather

  D.much

  答案:A 句意:喜歡聽好的音樂是一回事,但是你能自己演奏好完全是另一回事。quite“完全,十分”;very“非常”;rather“相當”;much“很,非常”。

  2.(2011·天津,9)The young man couldn't afford a new car. ______, he bought a used one.

  A.Besides

  B.Otherwise

  C.Instead

  D.Still

  答案:C 本題考查副詞詞義辨析。besides“另外;除……之外”;otherwise“否則;要不然”;instead“代替;反而”;still“仍然;還”。由couldn't afford a new car 及bought a used one可知C項符合句意及結構。句意:那個年輕人買不起一輛新車而是買了一輛二手車。

  3.(2011·江西,24)—The film is, I have to say, not a bit interesting.

  —Why? It's ________ than the films I have ever seen.

  A.far more interesting

  B.much less interesting

  C.no more interesting

  D.any less interesting

  答案:A 本題考查形容詞比較級的用法。句意:——我不得不說這部影片一點也不有趣。——為什么呢?它比我曾經看過的電影都有趣。由答語Why可知,對方并不同意上一個人的觀點,即他認為很有趣,故選A項,其它選項均表示認為這部電影沒有趣。

  4.(2011·江西,27)The house was too expensive and too big. ________, I'd grown fond of our little rented house.

  A.Besides

  B.Therefore

  C.Somehow

  D.Otherwise

  答案:A 本題考查副詞的辨析。句意:那座房子太貴太大了。除此之外,我早已經喜歡上我們租的小房子了。besides“除此之外,除了”;therefore“因此”;somehow“不知怎么的”;otherwise“否則的話”。

  5.(2011·浙江,13)I've been writing this report ________ for the last two weeks, but it has to be handed in tomorrow.

  A.finally

  B.immediately

  C.occasionally

  D.certainly

  答案:C 考查副詞辨析。句意:前兩周以來我只是偶爾寫寫這份報告,但是明天就得上交了。finally“最終,終于”;immediately“立刻,馬上”;occasionally“偶爾”;certainly“當然”。C項符合題意。

  6.(2011·安徽,31)________, I managed to get through the game and the pain was worth it in the end.

  A.Hopefully

  B.Normally

  C.Thankfully

  D.Conveniently

  答案:C 考查副詞用法。句意:謝天謝地,我最終通過了競賽,所付出的努力都是值得的。hopefully“有希望地”;normally“正常地”;thankfully“感激地”;conveniently“方便地”。

  7.(2011·湖北,25)The state-run company is required to make its accounts as ________ as possible for its staff to monitor the use of money.

  A.transparent

  B.reasonable

  C.secure

  D.formal

  答案:A 本題考查形容詞辨析。句意:國有公司被要求使賬目盡可能透明,以便公司職工監督錢的使用。根據語境中monitor“監管,監督”一詞,可以確定賬目要讓職工了解,清楚,自然就是透明,而transparent“透明的”;reasonable“合理的”;secure“安全的”;formal“正式的”。

  8.(2011·海淀期中,23)Alice Lillian Ellis, born on September 11,1907 in Boston, was ________ of nine children.

  A.the third oldest

  B.the third old

  C.the third older

  D.the oldest third

  答案:A 句意:1907年9月11日出生在波士頓的Alice Lillian Ellis在家里的九個孩子中排行老三。考查形容詞最高級的衍生形式。最大的“the oldest”,最大者中排行第三的“the third oldest”,故選A。類似的用法有:The Yellow River is the second longest river in China.黃河是中國的第二長河。

  9.(2011·天津十二區縣聯考一,9)The six old experts were ________ about Professor Lee's academic findings and reported him to the authority.

  A.skeptical

  B.curious

  C.capable

  D.aware

  答案:A 句意:那六位老專家懷疑Lee教授的學術發現并向權威機構舉報。skeptical“懷疑的”,be skeptical about “對……懷疑”。be curious about “對……好奇”;capable “能干的”,be capable of (doing) sth.“有做某事所必要的能力或力量”;aware“知道的,注意到的”,be aware of/that“對某人/某事物知道、明白、覺察到、意識到”;aware of the risk, danger, threat, etc.覺察到風險、危險、威脅等。

  10.(2011·東北三省四市聯考,23)Trees are good for man. We can't plant them ________ many.

  A.so

  B.such

  C.too

  D.enough

  答案:C 句意:樹對人類有益,我們無論種多少都不為過。考查學生對題干的理解和對can't/cannot/couldn't...too句式用法掌握情況。can't/cannot/couldn't...too...為固定搭配,意為“越……越好”。又因tree為可數名詞,所以用too many。

  11.(2011·東北三校二模,26)One should accomplish tasks ________ instead of always turning to others for help.

  A.actively

  B.independently

  C.skillfully

  D.voluntarily

  答案:B 句意:一個人應該獨立完成任務而不是總是向別人尋求幫助。考查副詞。由后句句意“……向別人尋求幫助”可知此處強調“獨立地(independently)”。

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