【解析】選A。根據(jù)前面there be 句里含有否定意義的詞little，所以反意疑問句用肯定形式，其主謂應與陳述部分的主謂保持一致，故選A項。 1. — Where is it?

　　— Where is ______？ I don't know what do you mean?

　　A. what

　　B. that

　　C. it

　　D. so 易錯題筆記 【解析】選A。句意：什么在什么地方？ 其實，這類用法在口語中經(jīng)常使用。如：

　　It was so dark that I couldn't tell who was who. 當時一片漆黑，我分不清誰是誰。 “What are you going to do next fall？” “Next what？” “下一個秋季你打算要干什么？”“你說下一個什么？” They look exactly the same, and I really don't know which is which. 它們看起來一模一樣， 我實在分不清哪個是哪個。 2. The man in prison insisted that he ______ nothing wrong and ______ set free. A. had done; should be B. should do; should be C. had done; had been D. should do; had been 【解析】選A。insist意為“堅決要求”時，其后的賓語從句用虛擬語氣(即“should＋動詞原形”，其中should可省略)；insist意為“堅持認為”時，其后的賓語從句用陳述語氣。 3. Hard ______ he studies, he cannot pass the examination.

　　A. when

　　B. how

　　C. as

　　D. while 【解析】選C。屬于讓步倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)，其基本句式為“名詞(不帶冠詞)、形容詞、副詞、動詞等＋as/though＋主語＋謂語”。又如：

　　Child as he is, he did it very well. 他雖是個孩子，但已干得很不錯了。 4. More than one student ______ read the novels, which ______ written by David.

　　A. has; was

　　B. have; were

　　C. has; were

　　D. have; was 【解析】選C。more than one student (不止一個學生) 從形式上看是單數(shù)，但從意義上卻是復數(shù)，它用作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。第二空前的which指的是novels，故謂語用were。 5. —It looks as if he were drunk.

　　—So it does. ______. A. He'd better give up drinking B. He shouldn't have drunk so much C. Health is more important than drink D. I wonder why he is always doing so 【解析】選D。做此題要抓住關(guān)鍵詞were，因為它表明此句的謂語為虛擬語氣，也就是說，“他喝醉了”不是事實，只是他看起來好像喝醉了，所以此題的最佳答案是D。另外注意，句中的 so it does 表示強調(diào)，意為“他看上去的確像是喝醉了”。 6. I'm quite willing to help and ______ are the others.

　　A. they

　　B. who

　　C. so

　　D. even 【解析】選C。在“so ＋ 倒裝句”這一結(jié)構(gòu)中，so 的意思與 also 相似，主要用來回答或補充前面句子的意思，表示“……也一樣”。 此結(jié)構(gòu)的前后句的時態(tài)和助動詞通常是一致的，但有時由于語境不同，可能有例外。如：

　　If you stay for dinner, so will I. 你要是留下來吃飯，那我也就留下。 但是，如果前面一句是否定句，則后面一句不用 so，而用 neither 或 nor。如：

　　He didn't like the house and neither / nor did his wife. 他不喜歡這房子，他妻子也不喜歡。 7. The boys and the girls each ______ to do something different, which ______the teacher uneasy.

　　A. want; make

　　B. wants; makes

　　C. want; makes

　　D. wants; make 【解析】選C。第一空應填動詞 want，因為此句的主語是 the boys and the girls，而 each 只是主語的同位語；第二空前的which指前句的整句內(nèi)容，表單數(shù)意義，故填makes。 8. Every boy and girl ______ the book and they each ______ to buy one.

　　A. like; want

　　B. likes; wants

　　C. likes; want

　　D. like; wants 【解析】選C。此題容易誤選D，認為前面一空要用復數(shù)動詞，因為它的主語是 boy and girl，是復數(shù)；而第二空則應用單數(shù)動詞，因為其前有 each 表示“每一個”。而事實上，此題應選C。因為按英語習慣，every 后接兩個單數(shù)名詞作主語時，謂語要用單數(shù)，即第一空應填 likes；而第二空要填復數(shù)動詞 want，因為其前的主語是 they 而不是 each(each 為主語同位語)。 第9講

　　助動詞和特殊句式(二)

　　例1: Had they known what was coming next, they ______ second thoughts. (2024·浙江卷 19)

　　A. may have

　　B. could have

　　C. must have had

　　D. might have had Ⅴ. 虛擬語氣

　　【解析】選D。本句是一個倒裝句，可還原為：If they had known what was coming next, they might have had second thoughts.根據(jù)had known提示，可知是與過去事實相反，因此虛擬語氣主句中應該用would/might ＋have done，由此可見答案D符合語境。 例2: We lost our way in that small village, otherwise we ______more places of interest yesterday. (2024·福建卷 31) A. visited B. had visited C. would visit D. would have visited 【解析】選D。句意： 我們在那個小村莊迷路了，要不然的話，我們昨天就游覽了更多的名勝古跡。本題關(guān)鍵是從時間狀語yesterday知道是對過去的虛擬，前半句是過去的客觀事實“我們在那個小山村迷路”，otherwise(否則)，后半句是用對過去的虛擬would have done，答案為D項。對虛擬語氣的做法主要是看時間狀語或是看里面的關(guān)鍵詞是對什么時間的虛擬，這就很容易了。故選D。

　　考點1：if從句的3種虛擬形式 考點2：wish 后的賓語從句 1．表示與現(xiàn)在事實相反的愿望，謂語動詞用過去式。 2．表示與過去事實相反的愿望，謂語動詞用had＋ done。 3．表示將來難以實現(xiàn)的愿望，謂語動詞用should/would(情態(tài)動詞) ＋ 動詞原形。 考點3：含蓄條件句 非真實條件句中的條件從句有時不表達出來，只暗含在副詞、介詞短語、上下文或其他方式表示出來，這種句子叫做含蓄條件句。其常見結(jié)構(gòu)有： 1．if only要是……就好了(與wish后面的虛擬語氣類似) If only you hadn't told him the news. 要是你沒有告訴他這個消息就好了。 2．without/but for如果沒有…… Human beings would die without water. (＝Human beings would die if there were no water.) 如果沒有水，人類就會滅亡。 3．otherwise/or否則，不然的話 I had no money then. Otherwise I would have bought that book. 我當時沒有錢，要不然，我就買那本書了。 考點4：虛擬語氣的其他常見表現(xiàn)形式

　　1．would rather, had rather, would sooner等之后的賓語從句常表示與客觀事實不相符的一種愿望，故使用虛擬語氣。表示與現(xiàn)在或?qū)淼氖聦嵪喾吹脑竿^語動詞用過去式；表示與過去事實相反的愿望，謂語動詞用had＋ done。

　　2．一想要(desire)一寧愿(prefer)一堅持(insist)二命令(order, command)三建議(advise, suggest, propose/recommend)四要求(demand, require, request, ask)中，無論主句謂語動詞為何種時態(tài)，從句的謂語動詞都用 “should ＋ do”，其中should可以省略。

　　3．表示 “早該做某事了”時，定語從句中的謂語動詞須用虛擬語氣，其虛擬語氣的結(jié)構(gòu)為： It is (high / about) time that ＋ 主語＋ 動詞的過去式/ should ＋ do(優(yōu)先使用動詞過去式)，即從句用虛擬過去式。

　　4．“情態(tài)動詞＋have done”的結(jié)構(gòu)，也帶有“虛擬語氣”的意義。 ①could have done 本來能夠做而實際上未做 ②might have done 本來可以做而實際上未做 ③should/ought to have done本來應該做而實際上未做 ④ought not to have done/shouldn't have done本來不應該做而實際上做了 ⑤needn't have done本來不必要做而實際上做了 考點1：轉(zhuǎn)折并列句

　　轉(zhuǎn)折并列句主要由but(但是), yet(可是), while(而，卻)等連詞連接。

　　1．but 用作并列連詞，意為“但是”，“然而”，表示轉(zhuǎn)折意義。

　　Rick made some more records, but he wasn't as popular as he had been before.

　　里克雖然錄制了更多唱片，但不像以前那樣受歡迎了。 Ⅵ. 并列句 此時要注意 but 與 however 的區(qū)別。 however 表示“可是”，“但是”的意義時，常用作副詞，可以放在句首、句中、句尾，并常用逗號將它與句子分開。

　　However，he didn't make his mark in the end.

　　然而，他終未成功。

　　2．but 可置于表示歉意的話(如 Excuse me 或 I'm sorry )之后，提出請求或說出可能觸犯對方的話，它沒有實際意義，只起連接作用，可以省去。

　　I am sorry, but I don't think I know you.

　　很抱歉，我想我不認識你。

　　Excuse me, but can you tell me how to surf the net? 勞駕，你能告訴我怎么上網(wǎng)嗎？ 考點2: 選擇并列句

　　You have to move out of the way ______ the truck cannot get past you. (2024·新課標卷 34)

　　A. so

　　B. or

　　C. and

　　D. but 【解析】選B。or表示“否則”。表示另外一種選擇所造成的結(jié)果。 ______ at the door before you enter my room, please. (2024·北京卷 31)

　　A. Knock

　　B. Knocking

　　C. Knocked

　　D. To knock Ⅶ. 祈使句 【解析】選A。祈使句考點，用動詞原形。 There is little doubt in your mind that he is innocent, ______？ (2024·江蘇卷 25)

　　A. is there

　　B. isn't there

　　C. is he

　　D. isn't he Ⅷ. 反意疑問句

　　【解析】選A。根據(jù)前面there be 句里含有否定意義的詞little，所以反意疑問句用肯定形式，其主謂應與陳述部分的主謂保持一致，故選A項。 1. — Where is it?

　　— Where is ______？ I don't know what do you mean?

　　A. what

　　B. that

　　C. it

　　D. so 易錯題筆記 【解析】選A。句意：什么在什么地方？ 其實，這類用法在口語中經(jīng)常使用。如：

　　It was so dark that I couldn't tell who was who. 當時一片漆黑，我分不清誰是誰。 “What are you going to do next fall？” “Next what？” “下一個秋季你打算要干什么？”“你說下一個什么？” They look exactly the same, and I really don't know which is which. 它們看起來一模一樣， 我實在分不清哪個是哪個。 2. The man in prison insisted that he ______ nothing wrong and ______ set free. A. had done; should be B. should do; should be C. had done; had been D. should do; had been 【解析】選A。insist意為“堅決要求”時，其后的賓語從句用虛擬語氣(即“should＋動詞原形”，其中should可省略)；insist意為“堅持認為”時，其后的賓語從句用陳述語氣。 3. Hard ______ he studies, he cannot pass the examination.

　　A. when

　　B. how

　　C. as

　　D. while 【解析】選C。屬于讓步倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)，其基本句式為“名詞(不帶冠詞)、形容詞、副詞、動詞等＋as/though＋主語＋謂語”。又如：

　　Child as he is, he did it very well. 他雖是個孩子，但已干得很不錯了。 4. More than one student ______ read the novels, which ______ written by David.

　　A. has; was

　　B. have; were

　　C. has; were

　　D. have; was 【解析】選C。more than one student (不止一個學生) 從形式上看是單數(shù)，但從意義上卻是復數(shù)，它用作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。第二空前的which指的是novels，故謂語用were。 5. —It looks as if he were drunk.

　　—So it does. ______. A. He'd better give up drinking B. He shouldn't have drunk so much C. Health is more important than drink D. I wonder why he is always doing so 【解析】選D。做此題要抓住關(guān)鍵詞were，因為它表明此句的謂語為虛擬語氣，也就是說，“他喝醉了”不是事實，只是他看起來好像喝醉了，所以此題的最佳答案是D。另外注意，句中的 so it does 表示強調(diào)，意為“他看上去的確像是喝醉了”。 6. I'm quite willing to help and ______ are the others.

　　A. they

　　B. who

　　C. so

　　D. even 【解析】選C。在“so ＋ 倒裝句”這一結(jié)構(gòu)中，so 的意思與 also 相似，主要用來回答或補充前面句子的意思，表示“……也一樣”。 此結(jié)構(gòu)的前后句的時態(tài)和助動詞通常是一致的，但有時由于語境不同，可能有例外。如：

　　If you stay for dinner, so will I. 你要是留下來吃飯，那我也就留下。 但是，如果前面一句是否定句，則后面一句不用 so，而用 neither 或 nor。如：

　　He didn't like the house and neither / nor did his wife. 他不喜歡這房子，他妻子也不喜歡。 7. The boys and the girls each ______ to do something different, which ______the teacher uneasy.

　　A. want; make

　　B. wants; makes

　　C. want; makes

　　D. wants; make 【解析】選C。第一空應填動詞 want，因為此句的主語是 the boys and the girls，而 each 只是主語的同位語；第二空前的which指前句的整句內(nèi)容，表單數(shù)意義，故填makes。 8. Every boy and girl ______ the book and they each ______ to buy one.

　　A. like; want

　　B. likes; wants

　　C. likes; want

　　D. like; wants 【解析】選C。此題容易誤選D，認為前面一空要用復數(shù)動詞，因為它的主語是 boy and girl，是復數(shù)；而第二空則應用單數(shù)動詞，因為其前有 each 表示“每一個”。而事實上，此題應選C。因為按英語習慣，every 后接兩個單數(shù)名詞作主語時，謂語要用單數(shù)，即第一空應填 likes；而第二空要填復數(shù)動詞 want，因為其前的主語是 they 而不是 each(each 為主語同位語)。 第9講

　　助動詞和特殊句式(二)

　　例1: Had they known what was coming next, they ______ second thoughts. (2024·浙江卷 19)

　　A. may have

　　B. could have

　　C. must have had

　　D. might have had Ⅴ. 虛擬語氣

　　【解析】選D。本句是一個倒裝句，可還原為：If they had known what was coming next, they might have had second thoughts.根據(jù)had known提示，可知是與過去事實相反，因此虛擬語氣主句中應該用would/might ＋have done，由此可見答案D符合語境。 例2: We lost our way in that small village, otherwise we ______more places of interest yesterday. (2024·福建卷 31) A. visited B. had visited C. would visit D. would have visited 【解析】選D。句意： 我們在那個小村莊迷路了，要不然的話，我們昨天就游覽了更多的名勝古跡。本題關(guān)鍵是從時間狀語yesterday知道是對過去的虛擬，前半句是過去的客觀事實“我們在那個小山村迷路”，otherwise(否則)，后半句是用對過去的虛擬would have done，答案為D項。對虛擬語氣的做法主要是看時間狀語或是看里面的關(guān)鍵詞是對什么時間的虛擬，這就很容易了。故選D。

　　考點1：if從句的3種虛擬形式 考點2：wish 后的賓語從句 1．表示與現(xiàn)在事實相反的愿望，謂語動詞用過去式。 2．表示與過去事實相反的愿望，謂語動詞用had＋ done。 3．表示將來難以實現(xiàn)的愿望，謂語動詞用should/would(情態(tài)動詞) ＋ 動詞原形。 考點3：含蓄條件句 非真實條件句中的條件從句有時不表達出來，只暗含在副詞、介詞短語、上下文或其他方式表示出來，這種句子叫做含蓄條件句。其常見結(jié)構(gòu)有： 1．if only要是……就好了(與wish后面的虛擬語氣類似) If only you hadn't told him the news. 要是你沒有告訴他這個消息就好了。 2．without/but for如果沒有…… Human beings would die without water. (＝Human beings would die if there were no water.) 如果沒有水，人類就會滅亡。 3．otherwise/or否則，不然的話 I had no money then. Otherwise I would have bought that book. 我當時沒有錢，要不然，我就買那本書了。 考點4：虛擬語氣的其他常見表現(xiàn)形式

　　1．would rather, had rather, would sooner等之后的賓語從句常表示與客觀事實不相符的一種愿望，故使用虛擬語氣。表示與現(xiàn)在或?qū)淼氖聦嵪喾吹脑竿^語動詞用過去式；表示與過去事實相反的愿望，謂語動詞用had＋ done。

　　2．一想要(desire)一寧愿(prefer)一堅持(insist)二命令(order, command)三建議(advise, suggest, propose/recommend)四要求(demand, require, request, ask)中，無論主句謂語動詞為何種時態(tài)，從句的謂語動詞都用 “should ＋ do”，其中should可以省略。

　　3．表示 “早該做某事了”時，定語從句中的謂語動詞須用虛擬語氣，其虛擬語氣的結(jié)構(gòu)為： It is (high / about) time that ＋ 主語＋ 動詞的過去式/ should ＋ do(優(yōu)先使用動詞過去式)，即從句用虛擬過去式。

　　4．“情態(tài)動詞＋have done”的結(jié)構(gòu)，也帶有“虛擬語氣”的意義。 ①could have done 本來能夠做而實際上未做 ②might have done 本來可以做而實際上未做 ③should/ought to have done本來應該做而實際上未做 ④ought not to have done/shouldn't have done本來不應該做而實際上做了 ⑤needn't have done本來不必要做而實際上做了 考點1：轉(zhuǎn)折并列句

　　轉(zhuǎn)折并列句主要由but(但是), yet(可是), while(而，卻)等連詞連接。

　　1．but 用作并列連詞，意為“但是”，“然而”，表示轉(zhuǎn)折意義。

　　Rick made some more records, but he wasn't as popular as he had been before.

　　里克雖然錄制了更多唱片，但不像以前那樣受歡迎了。 Ⅵ. 并列句 此時要注意 but 與 however 的區(qū)別。 however 表示“可是”，“但是”的意義時，常用作副詞，可以放在句首、句中、句尾，并常用逗號將它與句子分開。

　　However，he didn't make his mark in the end.

　　然而，他終未成功。

　　2．but 可置于表示歉意的話(如 Excuse me 或 I'm sorry )之后，提出請求或說出可能觸犯對方的話，它沒有實際意義，只起連接作用，可以省去。

　　I am sorry, but I don't think I know you.

　　很抱歉，我想我不認識你。

　　Excuse me, but can you tell me how to surf the net? 勞駕，你能告訴我怎么上網(wǎng)嗎？ 考點2: 選擇并列句

　　You have to move out of the way ______ the truck cannot get past you. (2024·新課標卷 34)

　　A. so

　　B. or

　　C. and

　　D. but 【解析】選B。or表示“否則”。表示另外一種選擇所造成的結(jié)果。 ______ at the door before you enter my room, please. (2024·北京卷 31)

　　A. Knock

　　B. Knocking

　　C. Knocked

　　D. To knock Ⅶ. 祈使句 【解析】選A。祈使句考點，用動詞原形。 There is little doubt in your mind that he is innocent, ______？ (2024·江蘇卷 25)

　　A. is there

　　B. isn't there

　　C. is he

　　D. isn't he Ⅷ. 反意疑問句