(1)表示連接兩個(gè)同等概念，常用的連詞有and, not only…but also…， neither…nor…， then等，表示并列或遞進(jìn)。

　　The teacher's name is Smith, and the student's name is John.

　　(2)表示選擇，常用的連詞有or, either…or…， otherwise等，表示選擇，基本詞義為：或者，否則，不然的話。

　　Hurry up, or you'll miss the train.

　　(3)表示轉(zhuǎn)折，常用的連詞有but, still, however, yet, while, nevertheless, in contrast 等，表示對(duì)比，基本詞義：但是，然而。

　　He was a little man with thick glasses, but he had a strange way of making his classes lively and interesting

　　(4)表示因果關(guān)系，常用的連詞有for(因?yàn)?, so, therefore, consequently, thus, accordingly等，表示結(jié)果，基本詞義：因此，所以。August is the time of the year for rice harvest, so every day I work from dawn until dark.

　　選擇恰當(dāng)?shù)牟⒘羞B接詞填空 　1. Mr. Smith is an English teacher ________ he teaches us English. 　2. When you are learning English, use it as often as possible, ________ you might drop it. 　3. It's a long story, ________ there are few new words in it, ________ it will be easy for children. and　 or but　 so

　　4. It must have rained last night ________ the ground is still wet. 　 5. He broke the rules of the school; ________ he had to leave. 　6. I don't know anything against the man; ________， I trust him.

　　for　 therefore however

　　7. Jane was dressed in green ________ Mary was dressed in blue. 　 8. ________ is your answer wrong ________ mine is.

　　　9. You must work harder; __________

　　you will be put into another class.

　　10. He doesn't talk much, ________ he thinks a lot. while

　　but also otherwise / or　

　　or

　　Not only 8. occasion n. ①時(shí)刻,場(chǎng)合,時(shí)候

　　on many occasions 在許多場(chǎng)合

　　on rare occasion 偶爾

　　on this / that occasion 這時(shí)/那時(shí)

　　I was not at home on that occasion.

　　那時(shí)我正好不在家。

　　on last / present occasion 在上次/這次

　　on another occasion 那回

　　on one occasion=once 有一次 ②時(shí)機(jī) occasion for

　　This is not an occasion for making a joke.

　　這不是開(kāi)玩笑的時(shí)候。 ③特殊的時(shí)間或者慶典

　　Birth, marriage and death are the three important

　　occasions in a person’s life.

　　出生、結(jié)婚、死亡是人生中最重要的三個(gè)時(shí)刻。

　　I only wear a tie on special occasions.

　　我只在特殊場(chǎng)合才打領(lǐng)帶。 ④on the occasion of 正值……之際

　　Mooncakes sell well on the occasion of

　　Mid-autumn Festival.

　　月餅在中秋節(jié)賣得很好。 I like to have a walk with my little dog on occasion. 我有時(shí)喜歡帶著我的小狗去散步。 occasional adj. 偶爾的,偶然的,非定時(shí)的 Her kindness and generosity cancel out her

　　occasional flashes of temper. 她為人厚道、慷慨大方,倒也彌補(bǔ)了她偶爾發(fā)點(diǎn) 兒脾氣的缺點(diǎn)。 on occasion 有時(shí)，偶爾

　　我最近見(jiàn)過(guò)她好幾次。

　　______________________________________ I’ve met her on several occasions recently. 9. achieve vt.

　　①(通過(guò)努力、技巧、勇氣等)獲得或達(dá)到(某事)

　　achieve success 獲得成功

　　achieve one’s ambition 實(shí)現(xiàn)抱負(fù)

　　He will never achieve anything if he doesn’t

　　work hard.

　　他如果不努力工作就永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)有所成就。 ②完成某項(xiàng)任務(wù)

　　achieve something 有所成就

　　achieve nothing 一事無(wú)成

　　The university has achieved all its goals this year.

　　這個(gè)大學(xué)今年已經(jīng)實(shí)現(xiàn)了所有的奮斗目標(biāo)。 成功需要努力工作。

　　____________________________________ 他的懶惰使他不可能成功。

　　____________________________________

　　____________________________________ It takes hard work to achieve success.

　　achievement n. 成績(jī)，成就 His laziness makes it impossible for him to achieve success. 10. admit

　　①vi. 表示“允許進(jìn)入某地”,可與介詞into或to

　　連用,但into一般表示具體概念,to表示抽象概

　　念(參加)。

　　He was admitted into the hospital with minor burns.

　　他因輕度燒傷而入院。

　　The young man was admitted to Harvard.

　　那位年輕人被哈佛錄取了。

　　Such people shouldn’t be admitted to the Party.

　　這樣的人不允許入黨。 ②vt. 承認(rèn),可用于三個(gè)句型：

　　admit+名詞:

　　I admitted my mistake. 我承認(rèn)我的錯(cuò)。

　　admit+that從句:

　　I must admit that it’s more difficult than I thought

　　it would be.

　　我必須承認(rèn),這比我想象的要困難得多。

　　admit+doing:

　　He admitted having told a lie.

　　他承認(rèn)他撒了一個(gè)謊。 ③admit of 容許；有……的余地(不能以人作

　　主語(yǔ))

　　His problem did not really admit of any solution.

　　他的問(wèn)題真是沒(méi)有解決的可能。 只有持票者才可進(jìn)入體育場(chǎng)。

　　_____________________________________

　　_____________________________________ 他承認(rèn)沒(méi)有得到允許就進(jìn)入了那間辦公室。

　　_____________________________________

　　_____________________________________ Only ticket-holders will be admitted into the stadium. He admitted having entered the office

　　without

　　any permission. 11. reach vt. 到達(dá),抵達(dá)

　　表示“到達(dá)”之意的還有arrive at / in, get to等。

　　They reached London by plane yesterday.

　　他們昨天坐飛機(jī)抵達(dá)了倫敦。

　　Mary arrived in New York in the summer of 2009.

　　瑪麗于2009年夏天到達(dá)了紐約。

　　I will call you as soon as I arrive in Beijing.

　　我一到北京就會(huì)給你打電話。 As we had something urgent to deal with, we

　　arrived at the factory a little bit late.

　　因?yàn)橛幸恍┚o急情況要處理, 我們晚了一點(diǎn) 到工廠。

　　Due to the bad weather, it seems that the plane

　　can not arrive at Guangzhou on time.

　　由于天氣不好,看來(lái)這個(gè)航班很難準(zhǔn)時(shí)到達(dá)廣 州站。

　　在指到達(dá)一個(gè)洲、國(guó)家、城市等大地方時(shí), arrive后多用in；而在指到達(dá)一個(gè)小地方時(shí),多用 at。但如將一個(gè)城市當(dāng)作一個(gè)點(diǎn)看待,也可用at。 12. mostly, most與almost

　　這三個(gè)詞都可以作副詞,但意義和用法不同。 ①most adv.,意為“最……”, 用在形容詞或副詞

　　前面,等于very,起加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣的作用,表示“很、

　　十分、非常”,most前面不可有定冠詞the。

　　It’s most dangerous to be so near to the tiger.

　　離老虎那么近是很危險(xiǎn)的。 Mary said she read a most interesting book

　　yesterday. 瑪麗說(shuō)她昨天看了一本很有趣的書。 most還可以作代詞,意為“絕大多數(shù)”。 Most of the people here can speak at least two

　　foreign languages. 這里絕大部分的人都能說(shuō)至少兩門語(yǔ)言。 ②almost adv.,意為“幾乎”，等于very nearly；

　　指在程度上相差很少,一般與no, none, nothing,

　　never, nobody等表示否定意義的詞連用。

　　Not noticing the time of departure, I almost

　　missed the train.

　　沒(méi)有留意到出發(fā)的時(shí)間, 我差一點(diǎn)誤了火車。

　　Almost nothing can prevent him from loving

　　this girl.

　　幾乎沒(méi)有任何事物可以阻止他愛(ài)這個(gè)女孩。 ③mostly adv.,意為“幾乎全部,大部分,主要地,

　　通常地”；相當(dāng)于mainly。

　　The students in our class are mostly from this city.

　　我們班的學(xué)生主要來(lái)自這個(gè)城市。

　　His stories were mostly about his experiences

　　of working in that city.

　　他的故事大多是關(guān)于他在那個(gè)城市工作的

　　經(jīng)歷。

　　nearly與almost nearly和almost雖然都可以表示“幾乎”,但是 當(dāng)要表示“接近”或“就要到了”時(shí)最好用 nearly；當(dāng)想表達(dá)“不足”或“尚差一點(diǎn)兒” 時(shí)最好用almost。

　　They are nearly at the end of their journey.

　　他們快結(jié)束旅行了。 The sea covers nearly three fourths of the

　　world’s surface. 海洋幾乎占地球表面的3/4。 He’s almost six feet tall. 他差不多有6英尺高。 Dinner’s almost ready. 晚飯差不多準(zhǔn)備好了。 ①有時(shí)almost和nearly可以換用,但如果要表達(dá)

　　“差一點(diǎn)兒”還是用almost確切。

　　She fell and almost / nearly broke her neck.

　　她跌倒了, 險(xiǎn)些跌斷了脖子。 ②句中有no, none, nothing, never等詞時(shí),不可以

　　用nearly,但可以用almost。

　　She said almost nothing.

　　她幾乎什么都沒(méi)說(shuō)。 13. step up與speed up ①step sth. up 登上,增加,促進(jìn)

　　step up production 增加生產(chǎn)

　　Step up the top of Eiffel Tower if you want a

　　bird’s eye-view of Paris.

　　如果想鳥瞰巴黎,你可登到埃菲爾鐵塔頂上。

　　The company had step up production of the latest

　　model.

　　公司已增加了最新型產(chǎn)品的生產(chǎn)。 ②speed up (車輛)加速

　　Not wanting to fall behind the others, he sped

　　up suddenly.

　　不想落后于別人,他突然加速了。 1.This is why he went back to his roots and

　　rediscovered the beauty in Chinese folk music.

　　這就是他要落葉歸根且重新發(fā)覺(jué)中國(guó)民間音

　　樂(lè)的美妙的原因。

　　This is why…意為“這就是……的原因”,why

　　后跟結(jié)果;注意它與This / That is because…的區(qū)

　　別。This / That is because…意為“這/那是因?yàn)?/p>

　　……”,because后跟原因。 We were caught in the rush hour. That is why we

　　were late for dinner. 我們遇上了下班的高峰期。那就是我們吃飯來(lái) 晚了的原因。 We were late for dinner. That was because we were caught in the rush hour. 我們吃飯來(lái)晚了。那是因?yàn)槲覀冇錾狭讼掳喔?峰期。 2.Dancing in couples returned in the 1970s and

　　1980s with “disco” music.

　　伴著迪斯科音樂(lè)的雙人舞蹈在二十世紀(jì)七八十

　　年代再度出現(xiàn)。

　　dancing in couples 是一個(gè)動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)，在句子

　　中作主語(yǔ)。 動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，可以用it作形式主語(yǔ)，但只 限于以下幾個(gè)句型： It is + no use / no good + doing It is + useless / senseless + doing It is + fun / enjoyable + doing It is + a waste of time / a good pleasure + doing 做什么事是浪費(fèi)時(shí)間/一件快事 It is no use having a car if you can’t drive. 如果你不會(huì)開(kāi)車，有車也沒(méi)用。 It is a waste of time watching TV such a long time. 看這么久的電視真是浪費(fèi)時(shí)間。 如何寫好并列句(一)

　　并列連詞的意義與作用

　　1．由兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的簡(jiǎn)單句并列連接起來(lái)的句子叫并列句

　　2．并列句的基本句型：簡(jiǎn)單句 ＋ 并列連詞(或連接副詞)＋ 簡(jiǎn)單句

　　3．常用并列連詞(或連接副詞)的歸類與功能概括如下：

　　(1)表示連接兩個(gè)同等概念，常用的連詞有and, not only…but also…， neither…nor…， then等，表示并列或遞進(jìn)。

　　The teacher's name is Smith, and the student's name is John.

　　(2)表示選擇，常用的連詞有or, either…or…， otherwise等，表示選擇，基本詞義為：或者，否則，不然的話。

　　Hurry up, or you'll miss the train.

　　(3)表示轉(zhuǎn)折，常用的連詞有but, still, however, yet, while, nevertheless, in contrast 等，表示對(duì)比，基本詞義：但是，然而。

　　He was a little man with thick glasses, but he had a strange way of making his classes lively and interesting

　　(4)表示因果關(guān)系，常用的連詞有for(因?yàn)?, so, therefore, consequently, thus, accordingly等，表示結(jié)果，基本詞義：因此，所以。August is the time of the year for rice harvest, so every day I work from dawn until dark.

　　選擇恰當(dāng)?shù)牟⒘羞B接詞填空 　1. Mr. Smith is an English teacher ________ he teaches us English. 　2. When you are learning English, use it as often as possible, ________ you might drop it. 　3. It's a long story, ________ there are few new words in it, ________ it will be easy for children. and　 or but　 so

　　4. It must have rained last night ________ the ground is still wet. 　 5. He broke the rules of the school; ________ he had to leave. 　6. I don't know anything against the man; ________， I trust him.

　　for　 therefore however

　　7. Jane was dressed in green ________ Mary was dressed in blue. 　 8. ________ is your answer wrong ________ mine is.

　　　9. You must work harder; __________

　　you will be put into another class.

　　10. He doesn't talk much, ________ he thinks a lot. while

　　but also otherwise / or　

　　or

　　Not only 8. occasion n. ①時(shí)刻,場(chǎng)合,時(shí)候

　　on many occasions 在許多場(chǎng)合

　　on rare occasion 偶爾

　　on this / that occasion 這時(shí)/那時(shí)

　　I was not at home on that occasion.

　　那時(shí)我正好不在家。

　　on last / present occasion 在上次/這次

　　on another occasion 那回

　　on one occasion=once 有一次 ②時(shí)機(jī) occasion for

　　This is not an occasion for making a joke.

　　這不是開(kāi)玩笑的時(shí)候。 ③特殊的時(shí)間或者慶典

　　Birth, marriage and death are the three important

　　occasions in a person’s life.

　　出生、結(jié)婚、死亡是人生中最重要的三個(gè)時(shí)刻。

　　I only wear a tie on special occasions.

　　我只在特殊場(chǎng)合才打領(lǐng)帶。 ④on the occasion of 正值……之際

　　Mooncakes sell well on the occasion of

　　Mid-autumn Festival.

　　月餅在中秋節(jié)賣得很好。 I like to have a walk with my little dog on occasion. 我有時(shí)喜歡帶著我的小狗去散步。 occasional adj. 偶爾的,偶然的,非定時(shí)的 Her kindness and generosity cancel out her

　　occasional flashes of temper. 她為人厚道、慷慨大方,倒也彌補(bǔ)了她偶爾發(fā)點(diǎn) 兒脾氣的缺點(diǎn)。 on occasion 有時(shí)，偶爾

　　我最近見(jiàn)過(guò)她好幾次。

　　______________________________________ I’ve met her on several occasions recently. 9. achieve vt.

　　①(通過(guò)努力、技巧、勇氣等)獲得或達(dá)到(某事)

　　achieve success 獲得成功

　　achieve one’s ambition 實(shí)現(xiàn)抱負(fù)

　　He will never achieve anything if he doesn’t

　　work hard.

　　他如果不努力工作就永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)有所成就。 ②完成某項(xiàng)任務(wù)

　　achieve something 有所成就

　　achieve nothing 一事無(wú)成

　　The university has achieved all its goals this year.

　　這個(gè)大學(xué)今年已經(jīng)實(shí)現(xiàn)了所有的奮斗目標(biāo)。 成功需要努力工作。

　　____________________________________ 他的懶惰使他不可能成功。

　　____________________________________

　　____________________________________ It takes hard work to achieve success.

　　achievement n. 成績(jī)，成就 His laziness makes it impossible for him to achieve success. 10. admit

　　①vi. 表示“允許進(jìn)入某地”,可與介詞into或to

　　連用,但into一般表示具體概念,to表示抽象概

　　念(參加)。

　　He was admitted into the hospital with minor burns.

　　他因輕度燒傷而入院。

　　The young man was admitted to Harvard.

　　那位年輕人被哈佛錄取了。

　　Such people shouldn’t be admitted to the Party.

　　這樣的人不允許入黨。 ②vt. 承認(rèn),可用于三個(gè)句型：

　　admit+名詞:

　　I admitted my mistake. 我承認(rèn)我的錯(cuò)。

　　admit+that從句:

　　I must admit that it’s more difficult than I thought

　　it would be.

　　我必須承認(rèn),這比我想象的要困難得多。

　　admit+doing:

　　He admitted having told a lie.

　　他承認(rèn)他撒了一個(gè)謊。 ③admit of 容許；有……的余地(不能以人作

　　主語(yǔ))

　　His problem did not really admit of any solution.

　　他的問(wèn)題真是沒(méi)有解決的可能。 只有持票者才可進(jìn)入體育場(chǎng)。

　　_____________________________________

　　_____________________________________ 他承認(rèn)沒(méi)有得到允許就進(jìn)入了那間辦公室。

　　_____________________________________

　　_____________________________________ Only ticket-holders will be admitted into the stadium. He admitted having entered the office

　　without

　　any permission. 11. reach vt. 到達(dá),抵達(dá)

　　表示“到達(dá)”之意的還有arrive at / in, get to等。

　　They reached London by plane yesterday.

　　他們昨天坐飛機(jī)抵達(dá)了倫敦。

　　Mary arrived in New York in the summer of 2009.

　　瑪麗于2009年夏天到達(dá)了紐約。

　　I will call you as soon as I arrive in Beijing.

　　我一到北京就會(huì)給你打電話。 As we had something urgent to deal with, we

　　arrived at the factory a little bit late.

　　因?yàn)橛幸恍┚o急情況要處理, 我們晚了一點(diǎn) 到工廠。

　　Due to the bad weather, it seems that the plane

　　can not arrive at Guangzhou on time.

　　由于天氣不好,看來(lái)這個(gè)航班很難準(zhǔn)時(shí)到達(dá)廣 州站。

　　在指到達(dá)一個(gè)洲、國(guó)家、城市等大地方時(shí), arrive后多用in；而在指到達(dá)一個(gè)小地方時(shí),多用 at。但如將一個(gè)城市當(dāng)作一個(gè)點(diǎn)看待,也可用at。 12. mostly, most與almost

　　這三個(gè)詞都可以作副詞,但意義和用法不同。 ①most adv.,意為“最……”, 用在形容詞或副詞

　　前面,等于very,起加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣的作用,表示“很、

　　十分、非常”,most前面不可有定冠詞the。

　　It’s most dangerous to be so near to the tiger.

　　離老虎那么近是很危險(xiǎn)的。 Mary said she read a most interesting book

　　yesterday. 瑪麗說(shuō)她昨天看了一本很有趣的書。 most還可以作代詞,意為“絕大多數(shù)”。 Most of the people here can speak at least two

　　foreign languages. 這里絕大部分的人都能說(shuō)至少兩門語(yǔ)言。 ②almost adv.,意為“幾乎”，等于very nearly；

　　指在程度上相差很少,一般與no, none, nothing,

　　never, nobody等表示否定意義的詞連用。

　　Not noticing the time of departure, I almost

　　missed the train.

　　沒(méi)有留意到出發(fā)的時(shí)間, 我差一點(diǎn)誤了火車。

　　Almost nothing can prevent him from loving

　　this girl.

　　幾乎沒(méi)有任何事物可以阻止他愛(ài)這個(gè)女孩。 ③mostly adv.,意為“幾乎全部,大部分,主要地,

　　通常地”；相當(dāng)于mainly。

　　The students in our class are mostly from this city.

　　我們班的學(xué)生主要來(lái)自這個(gè)城市。

　　His stories were mostly about his experiences

　　of working in that city.

　　他的故事大多是關(guān)于他在那個(gè)城市工作的

　　經(jīng)歷。

　　nearly與almost nearly和almost雖然都可以表示“幾乎”,但是 當(dāng)要表示“接近”或“就要到了”時(shí)最好用 nearly；當(dāng)想表達(dá)“不足”或“尚差一點(diǎn)兒” 時(shí)最好用almost。

　　They are nearly at the end of their journey.

　　他們快結(jié)束旅行了。 The sea covers nearly three fourths of the

　　world’s surface. 海洋幾乎占地球表面的3/4。 He’s almost six feet tall. 他差不多有6英尺高。 Dinner’s almost ready. 晚飯差不多準(zhǔn)備好了。 ①有時(shí)almost和nearly可以換用,但如果要表達(dá)

　　“差一點(diǎn)兒”還是用almost確切。

　　She fell and almost / nearly broke her neck.

　　她跌倒了, 險(xiǎn)些跌斷了脖子。 ②句中有no, none, nothing, never等詞時(shí),不可以

　　用nearly,但可以用almost。

　　She said almost nothing.

　　她幾乎什么都沒(méi)說(shuō)。 13. step up與speed up ①step sth. up 登上,增加,促進(jìn)

　　step up production 增加生產(chǎn)

　　Step up the top of Eiffel Tower if you want a

　　bird’s eye-view of Paris.

　　如果想鳥瞰巴黎,你可登到埃菲爾鐵塔頂上。

　　The company had step up production of the latest

　　model.

　　公司已增加了最新型產(chǎn)品的生產(chǎn)。 ②speed up (車輛)加速

　　Not wanting to fall behind the others, he sped

　　up suddenly.

　　不想落后于別人,他突然加速了。 1.This is why he went back to his roots and

　　rediscovered the beauty in Chinese folk music.

　　這就是他要落葉歸根且重新發(fā)覺(jué)中國(guó)民間音

　　樂(lè)的美妙的原因。

　　This is why…意為“這就是……的原因”,why

　　后跟結(jié)果;注意它與This / That is because…的區(qū)

　　別。This / That is because…意為“這/那是因?yàn)?/p>

　　……”,because后跟原因。 We were caught in the rush hour. That is why we

　　were late for dinner. 我們遇上了下班的高峰期。那就是我們吃飯來(lái) 晚了的原因。 We were late for dinner. That was because we were caught in the rush hour. 我們吃飯來(lái)晚了。那是因?yàn)槲覀冇錾狭讼掳喔?峰期。 2.Dancing in couples returned in the 1970s and

　　1980s with “disco” music.

　　伴著迪斯科音樂(lè)的雙人舞蹈在二十世紀(jì)七八十

　　年代再度出現(xiàn)。

　　dancing in couples 是一個(gè)動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)，在句子

　　中作主語(yǔ)。 動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，可以用it作形式主語(yǔ)，但只 限于以下幾個(gè)句型： It is + no use / no good + doing It is + useless / senseless + doing It is + fun / enjoyable + doing It is + a waste of time / a good pleasure + doing 做什么事是浪費(fèi)時(shí)間/一件快事 It is no use having a car if you can’t drive. 如果你不會(huì)開(kāi)車，有車也沒(méi)用。 It is a waste of time watching TV such a long time. 看這么久的電視真是浪費(fèi)時(shí)間。 如何寫好并列句(一)

　　并列連詞的意義與作用

　　1．由兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的簡(jiǎn)單句并列連接起來(lái)的句子叫并列句

　　2．并列句的基本句型：簡(jiǎn)單句 ＋ 并列連詞(或連接副詞)＋ 簡(jiǎn)單句

　　3．常用并列連詞(或連接副詞)的歸類與功能概括如下：