2024屆高考英語一輪復習單元課件:必修3Unit 3《Back to the past》
2. solution
n. 解決辦法, 解答 【填一填?激活思維】 ①____ _______ __ the problem needs many hours.
解決這個問題需要好幾個小時。 ②Many years later, air pollution hasn’t _____ __ __ _______.
很多年以后, 空氣污染還沒有得到解決。 The
solution to come to a solution 【記一記?構建知識】 (1)arrive at/come to/reach a solution得到解決 hit on a solution突然想到一個解決方法 solution to. . . ……的解決辦法; 解決……的辦法 (2)solve v. 解決, 解答 *(2024·湖北高考)But sometimes this power can create more problems than it solves.
但是有時候這種能力制造出的問題比它解決的多得多。 3. ahead adv. (時間、空間)在前面; 提前, 預先; 領先 【填一填?激活思維】 ①The new school was completed ______ __ ____.
新學校提前竣工了。 ②If you want to ask some questions, please ___ ______.
如果你們想問問題, 就請吧。 ③He wanted safety, a home, and a chance to ___ ______.
他希望能獲得人身安全, 能組建家庭并且有機會在事業上獲得成功。 ahead of time go ahead get ahead 【記一記?構建知識】 ahead of time/schedule 提前 go ahead 進行吧, 干吧 get ahead 取得進步; 獲得成功 go ahead with sth. 開始著手做某事 *The two companies have already agreed in principle to go ahead with the project.
兩家公司已經原則上達成協議實施這項計劃。 4. basis n. 基礎; 基準; 原因 【填一填?激活思維】 ①The theories of Newton were built ___ ___ _____ __ that of
Copernicus. 牛頓的理論是以哥白尼的理論為基礎的。 ②His research _______ ___ _____ __ his new book.
他的研究成果是他新書的基礎。 on the basis of formed the basis of 【記一記?構建知識】 on the basis of 在……的基礎上 form the basis of成為……的基礎 base n. 基礎; 基地; 根據; 基數(如十進制的 10 和二進制的2) vt. 基于; 把……建立在; 把……置于底 座(或基座)上 base. . . on. . . 以……為基礎 *It’s based on personal relationships and trust.
它建立的基礎是私人關系和信任。 【辨一辨?明晰異同】 basis n. 主要用于抽象的基礎, 如理論、學說等 base n. 指構成或支撐某一具體物體的基礎, 也可指軍事基地; v. 以……為基礎 5. found vt. 興建, 創建 【填一填?激活思維】 ①He ________ the company with a friend in the 1970s.
他與他的一個朋友在20世紀70年代創辦了這家公司。 ②It’s a true love ________ ___ friendship and common
experience.
這是建立在友誼和共同經歷上的真愛。 founded founded on 【記一記?構建知識】 (1)found. . . on. . . 將……建立在…… (2)founder n. 創始人, 創立者 *(2024·福建高考)Young Inspirations was founded two years ago to provide mentoring sessions for students and unemployed young adults aged 11 to 21.
Young Inspirations是兩年前成立的, 給11歲~21歲的學生和未就業的年輕人提供課程輔導。 *He was one of the founders of the university.
他是該大學的創建人之一。 6. in good condition狀況良好 【填一填?激活思維】 ①I promise to return your bicycle __ _____ _________.
我答應一定完好無損地歸還你的自行車。 ②She found herself ___ __ _________ that day.
她發現自己那一天身體不太好。 in good condition out of condition 【記一記?構建知識】 out of condition 身體不適 on condition that
條件是 on no condition 決不(如果放在句首, 句子用倒裝) on this/that/what condition
在這個/那個/什么條件下 living/housing/working conditions 生活/住房/工作條件 *You can travel by air on condition that your blood pressure is stable. 在血壓穩定的條件下你可以乘飛機旅行。 *On no condition can we betray our country.
我們決不能背叛祖國。 7. Then he turned his eyes east, and marched all the way to India, finding victory wherever he went.
然后, 他又把目光轉向東方, 長驅直入印度, 所到之處, 攻無不克, 戰無不勝。 【填一填?激活思維】用現在分詞短語完成句子。 ①____________________________, he pointed the gun at the
lion and fired.
他慢慢地走過草地, 把槍對準獅子就射擊了。 ②Her husband died ten years ago, ___________________ ___________________.
她丈夫十年前去世了, 撇下她和三個需要照顧的孩子。 ③___________________________, he stayed at home.
由于沒完成作業, 他只好待在家里。 Walking slowly across the grass leaving her with three children to look after Not having done his homework 【記一記?構建知識】現在分詞短語作狀語 (1)現在分詞的邏輯主語就是句子的主語, 它們之間是邏輯上的主謂關系;
(2)having done表示動作先于謂語動詞而發生;
(3)having been done強調被動和完成;
(4)在句中可以作時間、原因、結果、條件、方式或伴隨狀語, 通常相當于一個狀語從句或并列分句。 *Having watered the flowers(=After/When he had watered the flowers), he began to cut the grass.
他把花澆好后, 開始割草。 *Having been asked three times, he told me that he was from a European country.
問了他三次, 他才告訴我他來自歐洲的一個國家。 8. It is believed to have been gradually covered over by sandstorms from AD 200 to AD 400.
人們相信從公元200年到400年, 它逐漸被沙塵暴吞沒。 【填一填?激活思維】一句多譯。 ①Wisdom __ ________ __ ___ born with a man.
=__ __ ________ ____ wisdom is born with a man.
人們相信智慧是與生俱來的。 ②These Chinese herbs ___ ________ __ ___ good to heart.
=__ __ ________ ____ these Chinese herbs do good to heart.
人們相信這些中草藥對心臟有益。
is believed to be It is believed that are believed to do It is believed that 【記一記?構建知識】 It be +過去分詞+ that 從句=Sth. /Sb. be +過去分詞+不定式 【拓展延伸】Sth. /Sb. be +過去分詞+不定式
Sth. /Sb. be +過去分詞+不定式的
其中不定式是由從句謂語動詞轉換來的, 從句謂語是一般時態, 轉換成不定式的一般式; 從句謂語是進行式轉換成不定式的進行式; 從句謂語是完成式, 轉換成不定式的完成式。 一般式 進行式 完成式 *It is said that all sudden deaths are caused by damage to the heart.
=All sudden deaths are said to be caused by damage to the heart.
據說所有突發性死亡都是由心臟受損引起的。 *It is reported that the cause of lung cancer has been found.
=The cause of lung cancer is reported to have been found.
據報道肺癌的原因已經被找到。 9. When asked how a statue from distant Greece could have appeared in China, researchers explained that no doubt this was a result of Alexander the Great’s influence.
當被問及來自遙遠希臘的塑像怎么會出現在中國時, 研究人員解釋說, 這無疑是亞歷山大大帝的影響所致。 【填一填?激活思維】用適當的情態動詞填空。 ①He _____ have gone to Shanghai for I saw him a minute ago.
他不可能去了上海, 我剛才還看見他了。 ②It’s so late. Where ____ she have gone?
天這么晚了, 她可能去哪兒了呢?
?、跦e is playing on the playground. He _____ have finished the
work. 他正在操場上玩呢。他一定已經完成了工作。 ④She ______ have been ill yesterday, but I am not sure.
她昨天也許病了, 我不太確定。 can’t can must might 【記一記?構建知識】 情態動詞+have done表示對過去情況的推測:
(1)could have done sth. 本來能做某事; 可能做過某事 (2)must have done sth. 過去肯定做過某事 (3)can’t/couldn’t have done sth. 過去不可能做過某事 (4)may/might have done sth. 過去可能做過某事(語氣不肯定) 【悟一悟?參透誤區】 (1)could have done還可以表示對過去客觀事實的虛擬。 (2)must通常用于肯定句, 表示推測; 否定句與疑問句用can’t, couldn’t和can, could。 *Given another two days, I could have done it better.
如果再給我兩天時間, 我會把它做得更好。
【拓展延伸】其他情態動詞+完成時 (1)should/ought to+have done: 可用于肯定句、否定句或疑問句, 表示責備或遺憾等, 意為“本來應該……”。 (2)shouldn’t/oughtn’t to have done sth. 過去本來不應做某事卻做了 (3)needn’t have done本來不必 You needn’t have mentioned it. 你沒有必要提及此事的。 *(2024·山東高考)Many of his songs have remained popular as ever. 他的很多歌曲仍然像以前一樣流行。 *I bought a gift for her with the remaining money.
我用剩余的錢給她買了一件禮物。 【悟一悟?參透誤區】 (1)remain用作不及物動詞, 只用于主動語態, 不可直接跟賓語。 (2)remain作系動詞用, 后面接名詞、形容詞、介詞短語、分詞等作表語。 (3)表示“剩余的”時, 一定要用remaining或left。例如: 剩下的錢: the money left/the remaining money。 【拓展延伸】 不及物動詞用作連系動詞的有:
look(看起來), seem(似乎是), appear(似乎、顯得), stay(保持), stand(處于某狀況或情形), remain(保持), fall(變成某種狀態), come(成為), turn(變成), sound(聽起來)等。例如:
He suddenly fell ill yesterday. 他昨天突然病了。 He seems (to be) very sad. 他看起來很傷心。 Their dream has come true finally. 他們的夢想終于實現了。 4. complain vi. 抱怨 【填一填?激活思維】 ①Miners __________ ____ the government did not fulfill their
promises. 礦工們抱怨說政府沒有履行諾言。 ②The American couple __________ ________ the high cost of
visiting Europe.
這對美國夫婦抱怨到歐洲旅行的花銷太高。 complained that complained about/of 【記一記?構建知識】 (1)complain (that)
抱怨…… complain to sb. about/of向某人抱怨…… (2)complaint
n. 抱怨, 投訴 make a complaint 抱怨; 投訴 *(2024·江西高考)Mother always complains that children wear out their shoes very quickly.
母親總是抱怨孩子們把鞋穿破得太快了。 *I’ve made a complaint to the police about the loud noise.
我向警察投訴噪音太大。 5. declare vt. 宣布, 宣稱 【填一填?激活思維】 ①Britain ________ ____ _________ Germany in 1914.
英國在1914年向德國宣戰。 ②The judge ________ ____ __ ___ the winner.
裁判宣布他為獲勝者。 ③China _______ _______ nuclear war.
中國公開表示反對核戰爭。 declared war on/against declared him
to be declares against 【記一記?構建知識】 (1)declare that. . . 宣布…… declare sb. /sth. (to be)+adj.
宣布某人/某物…… declare for/against. . .
公開表示支持/反對 declare war on/against
對……宣戰 (2)declaration
n. 宣布, 宣言, 宣告; 申報, 聲明(書) *(2024·遼寧高考)Some scientists declare that most of our fatigue comes from our mental and emotional attitudes.
一些科學家宣稱我們的疲勞大多產生于精神和情感態度。 *Only a month earlier, they had declared for the tax cut.
就在一個月前, 他們剛剛表示過贊成減稅。 【猜一猜?熟詞生義】觀察句子, 寫出黑體部分的含義。 All the governors must declare their income on this form.
(
) 申報 6. aware adj. 意識到的, 知道的; 察覺到的 【填一填?激活思維】 ①They ___ ______ __ the importance of protecting
environment.
他們清楚保護環境的重要性。 ②You ___ ___ ______ how worried I felt about your safety.
你不知道我多么擔心你的安全。 are aware of are not aware 【記一記?構建知識】 (1)be/become aware of知道, 感覺到 be aware that-clause
知道……; 意識到 make sb. aware of使某人意識到 so/as far as I am aware據我所知 (2)awareness n. 認識, 意識 *WHO report shows people’s awareness of food safety.
世界衛生組織的報告表明人們意識到了食品的安全。 *(2024·湖北高考)They have been made fully aware of its dangers.
他們已經完全意識到了它的危險。 *As far as I am aware, he moved to Canada two years ago.
據我所知, 他兩年前移民到加拿大了。 【悟一悟?參透誤區】 (1)aware一般用作表語或賓語補足語, 不作定語。用于否定句時, 后可跟疑問詞引導的從句。 (2)常用actually, perfectly, well, quite等副詞修飾aware, 意思是“非常清楚, 完全知道”, 但不用very修飾。 【拓展延伸】(1)不用very修飾的形容詞:
以a-開頭的形容詞, 如afraid, asleep, alone, alike, alive, awake以及worth, sure等, 這些形容詞一般作表語, 不作定語, 這些詞往往用特定的詞來修飾。 ①The child was fast/sound asleep.
這個孩子睡得很香。 ②Now she is quite awake.
現在她完全清醒了。 ③The little girl is much afraid of snakes.
這個小女孩很怕蛇。 ④The book is well worth reading again.
這本書很值得再看一遍。 ⑤Are you quite sure about that?
你對那件事很有把握嗎?
(2)aware/conscious/sensible 這些形容詞都含有“意識到的”之意 aware 強調通過耳聞目睹或感覺而得到的信息, 也指敏銳的觀察和推斷。側重感知, 多與of一起連用 conscious 指內心的感覺, 強調深刻的心理活動 sensible 側重通過直覺或理性感覺意識到某物的存在 【核心短語】 7. take over 奪取; 接管; 掌握 【填一填?激活思維】觀察句子, 寫出黑體部分的含義。 ①After his father retired, he took over the company. (
) ②I took over her job while she was in New York. (
) ③The city was taken over by foreign invaders. (
) 接管 接替 奪取 【記一記?構建知識】 take away 拿走, 移去, 減少
take apart 拆開, 分開 take back 收回(諾言、話語等) take down 寫下, 記下; 拿下, 取下; 拆除, 拆掉 take in
收容; 吸收; 理解; 欺騙; 包括 take off 脫下; 起飛; (事業的)成功; 休假 take out拿出, 取出, 帶……出去 8. carry out進行, 執行, 實施 【填一填?激活思維】觀察句子, 寫出黑體部分的含義。 ①It was difficult to carry out the orders. (
) ②They decided to carry out the law of banning smoking in
public places. (
)
?、跲nce you make a promise, you must carry it out. (
) ④With the help of his teacher, he succeeded in carrying out
the experiment. (
) 執行 實施 履行 進行, 做 【記一記?構建知識】 carry sb. away
使某人失去控制 carry on (with sth. ) 繼續(某事) carry sb. /sth. through幫助某人渡過難關, 成功完成某事 9. in memory of 紀念 【填一填?激活思維】 ①The monument was built __ ________ __ the dead in the war.
建造這座紀念碑是為了紀念陣亡者。 ②He founded the charity __ ________ __ his late wife.
為了紀念他已故的妻子, 他創辦了那項慈善事業。 in memory of in memory of 【記一記?構建知識】 in face of
面臨, 在……面前 in favour of 贊成, 支持 in honour of
紀念, 對……表示敬意 in need of
需要 in place of
代替, 取代 in praise of
贊揚, 表揚 in regard of關于, 就……而論, 在……方面 in support of
支持 in terms of
就……而言, 從……方面 10. no doubt無疑, 確實 【填一填?激活思維】 ①(2024·江西高考) ___ ______ he wonders whether he wasn’t