走向高考 · 英語 路漫漫其修遠兮 吾將上下而求索 人教版(課標卷地區) · 高考總復習

　　語法專項突破

　　第二部分 專題十三　特殊句式 第二部分 一、倒裝句的2種類型 類別 倒裝條件 倒裝方法 典句例示 全部倒裝(把全部謂語提到主語之前) 以here，there，out，in，up，down，away等副詞開頭，謂語動詞多為be，come，go等，主語是名詞 副詞＋謂語＋主語 ①Here are some picture books. ②Out rushed a cat from under the table. 以then，now，thus，such開頭，謂語動詞多為come，follow，begin，end，be，主語是名詞 副詞＋謂語＋主語 ①Then came a new difficulty. ②Such was Albert Einstein, a simple but great scientist. 類別 倒裝條件 倒裝方法 典句例示 部分倒裝(助動詞/系動詞be/情態動詞提到主語前) hardly...when，no

　　sooner...than，not only...but(also)等連接兩個分句時，如果hardly，no sooner，not only位于句首，前一個分句用部分倒裝，后一個分句不變 Hardly/No sooner/Not only＋助動詞/系動詞/情態動詞＋主語＋謂語其他部分＋when/than/but also＋分句 ①No sooner had the bell rung than the teacher came in. ②Not only was he forced to stay home, but also he had to do his homework. so(such)...that中的so(such)位于句首時 So＋adj./adv.＋系動詞/助動詞/情態動詞＋主語＋謂語其他部分＋that從句 ①So small was the market that I could hardly see it. ②So clearly does he speak English that he can always make himself understood. 類別 倒裝條件 倒裝方法 典句例示 特別提醒 1.there，here，now，then，up，down，in，away，off，out等副詞置于句首，但主語為人稱代詞時，不用倒裝 ①Here you are.②Then he left. ③Away they hurried. 2.only修飾主語置于句首時，不能倒裝 Only he knows the secret. 3.若兩個主語一致時，則表示同意以上觀點，不能倒裝，此時so表示“的確如此” —He looks young.—So he does. 4.當前面兩件或兩件以上的事也適合于另一人或物時，通常用“so it is with...”或“it is the same with...” Tom likes singing, but he doesn't like dancing. So it is with Mary. 5.Neither...，nor...“……不……，……也不……”，連接兩個并列分句時，這兩個并列分句都用倒裝結構 Neither do I know it，nor do I care about it. 二、省略句的5種類型 種類 要點歸納 典句例示 賓語從句 由which，when，where或how引導的賓語從句中與主句重復的主語及謂語可全部或部分省略，只保留一個連接代詞或連接副詞 He will come back, but he doesn't know when(he will come back)． 引導賓語從句的從屬連詞that可省略。但及物動詞后跟兩個或兩個以上that引導的賓語從句時，只有第一個連詞that可省略 He told me (that) she was a beautiful girl and that she was clever. I'm afraid，I think，I believe，I hope，I guess等作答語，后面so與not分別等于肯定和否定，賓語從句可省略 —Do you think it will rain? —I hope not (that it will not rain)． 種類 要點歸納 典句例示 定語從句 在限制性定語從句中，關系代詞that，which，whom充當賓語，而且前面無介詞時可省略。關系代詞在從句中作表語時也可省略 He lost the watch (that/which) he bought yesterday. the way，the time后的定語從句，常省略關系詞 ①I don't like the way (that/in which) he speaks to others. ②I don't know the time (when) he arrived. 狀語 從句 當狀語從句的主語和主句的主語一致或從句的主語為it且從句謂語中有be動詞時，可以省略狀語從句中的主語和be動詞 ①Please come here as soon as (it is)possible. ②Though (they were)tired，they went on walking. 虛擬語氣 在虛擬條件句中，如含有had，were，should，if可省略，句子要用倒裝 Were I (＝If I were) twenty now, I would join the army. 種類 要點歸納 典句例示 動詞不定式 不定式符號to的省略 感官動詞或使役動詞(如feel，see，hear，notice，let，make，have等)后接不定式作賓語補足語時省略to I heard someone sing in the next room. 在do nothing but，can't help but，why not，would rather...than...；prefer to do ...rather than...等句型中省略to He did nothing but wait all the time. 動詞不定式 不定式省略 使用不定式符號to來代替整個不定式，常在be afraid，expect，forget，hope，intend，like，love，mean，prefer，refuse，seem，try，want，wish等后面 I asked him to see the film, but he didn't want to. 在某些形容詞glad，happy，pleased，delighted等后面使用不定式符號to來代替整個不定式 —Will you join in the game? —I'd be glad to. 如果不定式中含有be，have，have been，通常保留be，have和have been —Are you a sailor? —No, but I used to be. 三、強調的2種類型 種類 要點歸納 典句例示 強調句 It is/was...that/who可以對除謂語以外的成分進行強調。當強調部分為“人”時，可用that或who，其他情況下用that It was him that we met at the school gate. 在強調句中，當強調主語時，其后的謂語動詞應和主語在人稱和數上保持一致 ①It is White and Betty who often do good deeds for the old lady. ②It is only I who/that am willing to go to see the film. 如果原句的謂語動詞是現在時或將來時，強調句結構須用：It is...that/who...；如原句的謂語動詞是過去時態，則強調句結構須用It was...that/who... ①It was I who saw him in the street yesterday afternoon. ②What is it that you want me to do？ 種類 要點歸納 典句例示 強調句 “not...until...”句型的強調結構為“It is/was not until...that...” It was not until 11 o'clock last night that he went to bed. 強調句型的一般疑問句形式：Is/Was it＋被強調部分＋that/who＋其他成分 Was it in 1939 that the Second World War broke out？ 強調句的特殊疑問句句型為：疑問詞＋is/was＋it＋that/who...？ Where was it that you met Jack yesterday？ 謂語動詞的強調　

　　do/does/did＋動詞原形 Do come here this evening. “never＋助動詞do”也常用來表示強調。一般意為“從來沒有，絕不” I never did like her，you know. 四、強調句型與3大從句的辨析 類型 區別 典句例示 與主語從句的區別 強調句型去掉It is/was...that...之后，句子結構仍然完整，而主語從句卻不能 ①It is there that accidents often happen. (強調句) ②It is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language. (主語從句) 與定語從句的區別 強調句中that沒有意義，且不作任何成分，而定語從句中that為關系代詞，在從句中充當主語、賓語或表語 ①It is novels that Miss William enjoys reading. (強調句) ②It is a question that needs careful consideration. (定語從句) 與狀語從句的區別 強調句型去掉It is/was...that后，結構完整，而It is...when...中，it指代時間 ①It was at six o'clock that I got up today. (強調句) ②It was six o'clock when I got up today. (狀語從句) 五、其他重要的特殊句式 種類 要點歸納 典句例示 反意疑問句 陳述部分含有must 當must作“必須”講時，其反意疑問詞用needn't當含有mustn't(不允許、禁止)時，其反意疑問詞用must/may ①You must go now, needn't you? ②You mustn't smoke here, must/may you？ 當must表示推測時，其反意疑問詞同去掉must還原之后的句子所使用的反意疑問詞 ①You must have heard about it, haven't you? ②You must have watched that football match last night，didn't you？ 陳述部分含有used to 其反意疑問詞用usedn't或didn't You used to sleep with the windows open, usedn't/didn't you？ 種類 要點歸納 典句例示 反意疑問句 陳述部分含有ought to 其反意疑問詞用oughtn't或shouldn't He ought to attend the lecture, oughtn't/shouldn't he？ 陳述部分含有否定詞或半否定詞 反意疑問部分的動詞用肯定形式 He could hardly walk without a stick, could he？ 陳述部分含有由表示否定意義的前綴構成的詞 其反意疑問部分的動詞一般用否定形式 Tom dislikes playing tennis, doesn't he？ 當陳述部分帶有賓語從句時 疑問部分的主語與助動詞常和主句保持一致，但如果主句的謂語動詞是think，believe，suppose，guess，expect，imagine等，且主語為第一人稱時，疑問部分的主語和時態與賓語從句的主語和時態保持一致 ①He said that he would come to my birthday party, didn't he? ②I don't believe he will succeed, will he？ 種類 要點歸納 典句例示 祈使句 否定式 在動詞前面加don't Don't be so sure. 強調式 肯定句在其前加do，否定句在其前加never ①Do come on time this evening. ②Never come late！ 帶有主語的祈使句 為了加強語氣或特別指明向誰提出命令或要求、吩咐幾個人分頭做幾件事時須加主語“you”，有時還可同時加稱呼語 Tom, you water the flowers! You, girls, clean the desks; you，boys，sweep the floor. 祈使句＋and/or＋陳述句 陳述句往往用一般將來時 ①Work hard and you will succeed. ②More time and I will do it better. 名詞短語＋and/or＋陳述句 種類 要點歸納 典句例示 感嘆句 How＋形容詞/副詞＋主語＋謂語！ How fast he is running！ How＋形容詞＋a/an＋可數名詞單數＋主語＋謂語！ How difficult a problem it is！ How＋主語＋謂語！ How time flies！ What＋a/an＋形容詞＋可數名詞單數＋主語＋謂語！ What a clever boy he is！ What＋形容詞＋不可數名詞＋主語＋謂語！ What sweet water it is！ What＋形容詞＋復數名詞＋主語＋謂語！ What beautiful flowers these are！ What＋名詞＋主語＋謂語！ What news it is！

　　走向高考 · 英語 路漫漫其修遠兮 吾將上下而求索 人教版(課標卷地區) · 高考總復習

　　語法專項突破

　　第二部分 專題十三　特殊句式 第二部分 一、倒裝句的2種類型 類別 倒裝條件 倒裝方法 典句例示 全部倒裝(把全部謂語提到主語之前) 以here，there，out，in，up，down，away等副詞開頭，謂語動詞多為be，come，go等，主語是名詞 副詞＋謂語＋主語 ①Here are some picture books. ②Out rushed a cat from under the table. 以then，now，thus，such開頭，謂語動詞多為come，follow，begin，end，be，主語是名詞 副詞＋謂語＋主語 ①Then came a new difficulty. ②Such was Albert Einstein, a simple but great scientist. 類別 倒裝條件 倒裝方法 典句例示 部分倒裝(助動詞/系動詞be/情態動詞提到主語前) hardly...when，no

　　sooner...than，not only...but(also)等連接兩個分句時，如果hardly，no sooner，not only位于句首，前一個分句用部分倒裝，后一個分句不變 Hardly/No sooner/Not only＋助動詞/系動詞/情態動詞＋主語＋謂語其他部分＋when/than/but also＋分句 ①No sooner had the bell rung than the teacher came in. ②Not only was he forced to stay home, but also he had to do his homework. so(such)...that中的so(such)位于句首時 So＋adj./adv.＋系動詞/助動詞/情態動詞＋主語＋謂語其他部分＋that從句 ①So small was the market that I could hardly see it. ②So clearly does he speak English that he can always make himself understood. 類別 倒裝條件 倒裝方法 典句例示 特別提醒 1.there，here，now，then，up，down，in，away，off，out等副詞置于句首，但主語為人稱代詞時，不用倒裝 ①Here you are.②Then he left. ③Away they hurried. 2.only修飾主語置于句首時，不能倒裝 Only he knows the secret. 3.若兩個主語一致時，則表示同意以上觀點，不能倒裝，此時so表示“的確如此” —He looks young.—So he does. 4.當前面兩件或兩件以上的事也適合于另一人或物時，通常用“so it is with...”或“it is the same with...” Tom likes singing, but he doesn't like dancing. So it is with Mary. 5.Neither...，nor...“……不……，……也不……”，連接兩個并列分句時，這兩個并列分句都用倒裝結構 Neither do I know it，nor do I care about it. 二、省略句的5種類型 種類 要點歸納 典句例示 賓語從句 由which，when，where或how引導的賓語從句中與主句重復的主語及謂語可全部或部分省略，只保留一個連接代詞或連接副詞 He will come back, but he doesn't know when(he will come back)． 引導賓語從句的從屬連詞that可省略。但及物動詞后跟兩個或兩個以上that引導的賓語從句時，只有第一個連詞that可省略 He told me (that) she was a beautiful girl and that she was clever. I'm afraid，I think，I believe，I hope，I guess等作答語，后面so與not分別等于肯定和否定，賓語從句可省略 —Do you think it will rain? —I hope not (that it will not rain)． 種類 要點歸納 典句例示 定語從句 在限制性定語從句中，關系代詞that，which，whom充當賓語，而且前面無介詞時可省略。關系代詞在從句中作表語時也可省略 He lost the watch (that/which) he bought yesterday. the way，the time后的定語從句，常省略關系詞 ①I don't like the way (that/in which) he speaks to others. ②I don't know the time (when) he arrived. 狀語 從句 當狀語從句的主語和主句的主語一致或從句的主語為it且從句謂語中有be動詞時，可以省略狀語從句中的主語和be動詞 ①Please come here as soon as (it is)possible. ②Though (they were)tired，they went on walking. 虛擬語氣 在虛擬條件句中，如含有had，were，should，if可省略，句子要用倒裝 Were I (＝If I were) twenty now, I would join the army. 種類 要點歸納 典句例示 動詞不定式 不定式符號to的省略 感官動詞或使役動詞(如feel，see，hear，notice，let，make，have等)后接不定式作賓語補足語時省略to I heard someone sing in the next room. 在do nothing but，can't help but，why not，would rather...than...；prefer to do ...rather than...等句型中省略to He did nothing but wait all the time. 動詞不定式 不定式省略 使用不定式符號to來代替整個不定式，常在be afraid，expect，forget，hope，intend，like，love，mean，prefer，refuse，seem，try，want，wish等后面 I asked him to see the film, but he didn't want to. 在某些形容詞glad，happy，pleased，delighted等后面使用不定式符號to來代替整個不定式 —Will you join in the game? —I'd be glad to. 如果不定式中含有be，have，have been，通常保留be，have和have been —Are you a sailor? —No, but I used to be. 三、強調的2種類型 種類 要點歸納 典句例示 強調句 It is/was...that/who可以對除謂語以外的成分進行強調。當強調部分為“人”時，可用that或who，其他情況下用that It was him that we met at the school gate. 在強調句中，當強調主語時，其后的謂語動詞應和主語在人稱和數上保持一致 ①It is White and Betty who often do good deeds for the old lady. ②It is only I who/that am willing to go to see the film. 如果原句的謂語動詞是現在時或將來時，強調句結構須用：It is...that/who...；如原句的謂語動詞是過去時態，則強調句結構須用It was...that/who... ①It was I who saw him in the street yesterday afternoon. ②What is it that you want me to do？ 種類 要點歸納 典句例示 強調句 “not...until...”句型的強調結構為“It is/was not until...that...” It was not until 11 o'clock last night that he went to bed. 強調句型的一般疑問句形式：Is/Was it＋被強調部分＋that/who＋其他成分 Was it in 1939 that the Second World War broke out？ 強調句的特殊疑問句句型為：疑問詞＋is/was＋it＋that/who...？ Where was it that you met Jack yesterday？ 謂語動詞的強調　

　　do/does/did＋動詞原形 Do come here this evening. “never＋助動詞do”也常用來表示強調。一般意為“從來沒有，絕不” I never did like her，you know. 四、強調句型與3大從句的辨析 類型 區別 典句例示 與主語從句的區別 強調句型去掉It is/was...that...之后，句子結構仍然完整，而主語從句卻不能 ①It is there that accidents often happen. (強調句) ②It is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language. (主語從句) 與定語從句的區別 強調句中that沒有意義，且不作任何成分，而定語從句中that為關系代詞，在從句中充當主語、賓語或表語 ①It is novels that Miss William enjoys reading. (強調句) ②It is a question that needs careful consideration. (定語從句) 與狀語從句的區別 強調句型去掉It is/was...that后，結構完整，而It is...when...中，it指代時間 ①It was at six o'clock that I got up today. (強調句) ②It was six o'clock when I got up today. (狀語從句) 五、其他重要的特殊句式 種類 要點歸納 典句例示 反意疑問句 陳述部分含有must 當must作“必須”講時，其反意疑問詞用needn't當含有mustn't(不允許、禁止)時，其反意疑問詞用must/may ①You must go now, needn't you? ②You mustn't smoke here, must/may you？ 當must表示推測時，其反意疑問詞同去掉must還原之后的句子所使用的反意疑問詞 ①You must have heard about it, haven't you? ②You must have watched that football match last night，didn't you？ 陳述部分含有used to 其反意疑問詞用usedn't或didn't You used to sleep with the windows open, usedn't/didn't you？ 種類 要點歸納 典句例示 反意疑問句 陳述部分含有ought to 其反意疑問詞用oughtn't或shouldn't He ought to attend the lecture, oughtn't/shouldn't he？ 陳述部分含有否定詞或半否定詞 反意疑問部分的動詞用肯定形式 He could hardly walk without a stick, could he？ 陳述部分含有由表示否定意義的前綴構成的詞 其反意疑問部分的動詞一般用否定形式 Tom dislikes playing tennis, doesn't he？ 當陳述部分帶有賓語從句時 疑問部分的主語與助動詞常和主句保持一致，但如果主句的謂語動詞是think，believe，suppose，guess，expect，imagine等，且主語為第一人稱時，疑問部分的主語和時態與賓語從句的主語和時態保持一致 ①He said that he would come to my birthday party, didn't he? ②I don't believe he will succeed, will he？ 種類 要點歸納 典句例示 祈使句 否定式 在動詞前面加don't Don't be so sure. 強調式 肯定句在其前加do，否定句在其前加never ①Do come on time this evening. ②Never come late！ 帶有主語的祈使句 為了加強語氣或特別指明向誰提出命令或要求、吩咐幾個人分頭做幾件事時須加主語“you”，有時還可同時加稱呼語 Tom, you water the flowers! You, girls, clean the desks; you，boys，sweep the floor. 祈使句＋and/or＋陳述句 陳述句往往用一般將來時 ①Work hard and you will succeed. ②More time and I will do it better. 名詞短語＋and/or＋陳述句 種類 要點歸納 典句例示 感嘆句 How＋形容詞/副詞＋主語＋謂語！ How fast he is running！ How＋形容詞＋a/an＋可數名詞單數＋主語＋謂語！ How difficult a problem it is！ How＋主語＋謂語！ How time flies！ What＋a/an＋形容詞＋可數名詞單數＋主語＋謂語！ What a clever boy he is！ What＋形容詞＋不可數名詞＋主語＋謂語！ What sweet water it is！ What＋形容詞＋復數名詞＋主語＋謂語！ What beautiful flowers these are！ What＋名詞＋主語＋謂語！ What news it is！