第一部分　必修1　Unit 2

　　Ⅰ.完形填空

　　(2024安徽)

　　In our modern world, when something wears out, we throw it away and buy a new one.The __1__ is that countries around the world have growing mountains of __2__ because people are throwing out more rubbish than ever before.

　　How did we __3__ a throwaway society? First of all, it is now easier to __4__ an object than to spend time and money to repair it.__5__ modern manufacturing (制造業) and technology, companies are able to produce products quickly and inexpensively.Products are plentiful and __6__.

　　Another cause is our __7__ of disposable (一次性的) products.As __8__ people, we are always looking for __9__ to save time and make our lives easier.Companies __10__ thousands of different kinds of disposable products: paper plates, plastic cups, and cameras, to name a few.

　　Our appetite for new products also __11__ to the problem.We are __12__ buying new things.Advertisements persuade us that __13__is better and that we will be happier with the latest products.The result is that we __14__ useful possessions to make room for new ones.

　　All around the world, we can see the __15__ of this throwaway lifestyle.Mountains of rubbish just keep getting bigger.To __16__ the amount of rubbish and to protect the __17__， more governments are requiring people to recycle materials.__18__， this is not enough to solve (解決) our problem.

　　Maybe there is another way out.We need to repair our possessions __19__ throwing them away.We also need to rethink our attitudes about __20__.Repairing our possessions and changing our spending habits may be the best way to reduce the amount of rubbish and take care of our environment.

　　()1.A．key

　　B．reason

　　C．project

　　D．problem

　　()2.A．gifts

　　B．rubbish

　　C．debt

　　D．products

　　()3.A．face

　　B．become

　　C．observe

　　D．change

　　()4.A．hide

　　B．control

　　C．replace

　　D．withdraw

　　()5.A．Thanks to

　　B．As to

　　C．Except for

　　D．Regardless of

　　()6.A．safe

　　B．funny

　　C．cheap

　　D．powerful

　　()7.A．love

　　B．lack

　　C．prevention

　　D．division

　　()8.A．sensitive

　　B．kind

　　C．brave

　　D．busy

　　()9.A．ways

　　B．places

　　C．jobs

　　D．friends

　　()10.A．donate

　　B．receive

　　C．produce

　　D．preserve

　　()11.A．adapts

　　B．returns

　　C．responds

　　D．contributes

　　()12.A．tired of

　　B．addicted to

　　C．worried about

　　D．ashamed for

　　()13.A．newer

　　B．stronger

　　C．higher

　　D．larger

　　()14.A．pick up

　　B．pay for

　　C．hold onto

　　D．throw away

　　()15.A．advantages

　　B．purposes

　　C．functions

　　D．consequences

　　()16.A．show

　　B．record

　　C．decrease

　　D．measure

　　()17.A．technology

　　B．environment

　　C．consumers

　　D．brands

　　()18.A．However

　　B．Otherwise

　　C．Therefore

　　D．Meanwhile

　　()19.A．by

　　B．in favour of

　　C．after

　　D．instead of

　　()20.A．spending

　　B．collecting

　　C．repairing

　　D．advertising

　　【主旨大意】文章講述了拋棄型消費社會的表現、成因、危害以及解決措施；旨在呼吁人們轉變消費觀念，為環保盡一份自己的力量。

　　1．【答案】D

　　【解析】根據文章內容可知，本文主要講述了人們把用壞了的東西隨手扔掉，從而導致垃圾堆積如山這一問題，文章倒數第二段最后一句中的“…this is not enough to solve our problem”和倒數第三段的第一句“…to the problem”亦有暗示。故選D項。

　　2．【答案】B

　　【解析】根據下文的“because people are throwing out more rubbish than ever before.”即人們比過去扔掉更多的垃圾可知，這里說的是“垃圾山”日益壯大，故選B項。

　　3．【答案】B

　　【解析】句意為：我們是怎樣變成一個拋棄型消費社會的呢？ face意為“面對”；become意為“變成”；observe意為“觀察；遵守”；change意為“改變”。根據語境可知，B項正確。

　　4．【答案】C

　　【解析】句意為：替換一件物品比花時間和金錢去修理它更容易。hide意為“躲藏；隱藏”；control意為“控制”；replace意為“取代；替代”；withdraw意為“撤退；收回”。根據語境可知，上文提到人們習慣把用壞了的東西隨手扔掉，即這里是指買新的東西來替換用壞的東西，故選C項。

　　5．【答案】A

　　【解析】句意為：由于現代制造業和技術的發展，公司能夠快速而廉價地生產出各類產品。thanks to意為“幸虧；由于”；as to意為“關于；至于”；except for意為“除了……以外”；regardless of意為“不管；不顧”。根據前后邏輯關系可知，“現代制造業和技術”與“公司能夠快速而廉價地生產出產品”之間是因果關系，因此A項正確。

　　6．【答案】C

　　【解析】根據上文“…companies are able to produce products quickly and inexpensively.”可知，產品豐富又便宜。故選C項。

　　7．【答案】A

　　【解析】根據下文人們總是想法設法去節約時間、讓生活更輕松以及許多公司生產了大量一次性產品可知，我們喜歡用一次性產品，故選A項。lack意為“缺少；缺乏”；prevention意為“預防；阻止”；division意為“分開；除法”。

　　8．【答案】D

　　【解析】由下文的“to save time”可知人們很“忙碌”，故選D項。sensitive意為“敏感的；靈敏的”；kind意為“善良的”；brave意為“勇敢的”。

　　9．【答案】A

　　【解析】句意為：忙碌的人們總是在想方設法來節省時間，讓生活更輕松。上文說人們喜歡使用一次性產品就是他們為節省時間所尋找的“方法”。故選A項。

　　10．【答案】C

　　【解析】句意為：公司生產出成千上萬種不同的一次性產品。donate意為“捐贈；捐獻”；receive意為“收到；接收”；produce意為“生產；創作”；preserve意為“保存；保護”。由語境可知，公司為喜歡用一次性產品的消費人群 “生產”出多種一次性產品，故選C項。

　　11．【答案】D

　　【解析】句意為：我們對新產品的嗜好也促成了這一問題的產生。adapt to意為“適應”；return to意為“返回”；respond to意“對……作出回應”；contribute to意為“促成；有助于；導致”。根據語境可知，人們對新產品的嗜好，即喜新厭舊的態度，對隨手丟棄的問題起到火上澆油的作用。故選D項。

　　12．【答案】B

　　【解析】句意為：我們對購買新產品上了癮。be tired of意為“對……厭倦，厭煩；”；be addicted to意為“沉溺于；對……上癮”；be worried about意為“為……擔心”；be ashamed for意為“對……感到慚愧(羞愧)”。根據語境可知，我們買新產品上癮，故答案為B項。

　　13．【答案】A

　　【解析】句意為：廣告勸說我們更新的產品會更好，而且使用了最新的產品，我們也會更開心。根據下文的“… we will be happier with the latest products.”可知答案應選A項。

　　14．【答案】D

　　【解析】句意為：結果，我們扔掉了有用的東西以便為新買的東西騰出地方。pick up意為“拾起，撿起；獲得”；pay for意為“為……而付報酬”；hold onto意為“緊緊抓??；抓住不放”；throw away意為“扔掉”。根據下文“to make room for new ones”可知應選D項。

　　15．【答案】D

　　【解析】句意為：在世界各地，我們都可以看到這種拋棄型生活方式所產生的后果。advantage意為“優勢；有利條件；利益”；purpose意為“目的”；function意為“功能；作用”；consequence意為“結果；后果”。根據下文的“Mountains of rubbish just keep getting bigger.”可知，垃圾山越來越大就是這種拋棄型生活方式帶來的后果。D項符合語境。

　　16．【答案】C

　　【解析】句意為：為了減少垃圾數量，保護環境，越來越多的政府要求人們回收利用材料。根據語境可知政府要求人們回收利用舊物質材料的目的為了“減少”垃圾的數量。故選C項。

　　17．【答案】B

　　【解析】根據語境和生活常識可知，減少垃圾數量，回收利用舊物質材料都是為了保護“環境”。故選B項。

　　18．【答案】A

　　【解析】句意為：可是，這些不足以解決我們所面臨的問題。根據上下文邏輯關系，設空前后兩句之間有轉折關系。however意為“然而；可是”，符合語境。otherwise意為“否則”；therefore意為“因此”；meanwhile意為“同時；其間”。

　　19．【答案】D

　　【解析】句意為：我們需要修理我們的東西而不是把它們扔掉。根據語境可知，作者對于亂扔東西是不贊成的，建議人們應該盡可能去修理它們。instead of在此意為“而不是”，符合語境。in favour of意為“支持；贊成”，與作者的意圖相去甚遠。

　　20．【答案】A

　　【解析】句意為：我們也需要重新思考我們的消費觀。根據下文的“… and changing our spending habits”可知，A項符合語境，spend意為“花錢；消費”。

　?、?閱讀理解

　　(2024全國課標，D)

　　As more and more people speak the global languages of English, Chinese, Spanish, and Arabic, other languages are rapidly disappearing.In fact, half of the 6,000—7,000 languages spoken around the world today will likely die out by the next century, according to the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)．

　　In an effort to prevent language loss, scholars from a number of organizations—UNESCO and National Geographic among them—have for many years been documenting dying languages and the cultures they reflect.

　　Mark Turin, a scientist at the Macmillan Center, Yale University, who specializes in the languages and oral traditions of the Himalayas, is following in that_tradition.His recently published book, A Grammar of Thangmi with an Ethnolinguistic Introduction to the Speakers and Their Culture, grows out of his experience of living, working, and raising a family in a village in Nepal.

　　Documenting the Thangmi language and culture is just a starting point for Turin, who seeks to include other languages and oral traditions across the Himalayan reaches of India, Nepal, Bhutan, and China.But he is not content to simply record these voices before they disappear.

　　At the University of Cambridge Turin discovered a wealth of important materials—including photographs, films, tape recordings, and field notes—which had remained unstudied and were badly in need of care and protection.

　　Now, through the two organizations that he has founded—the Digital Himalaya Project and the World Oral Literature Project—Turin has started a campaign to make such documents, found in libraries and stores around the world, available not just to scholars but to the younger generations of communities from whom the materials were originally collected.Thanks to digital technology and the widely available Internet, Turin notes, the endangered languages can be saved and reconnected with speech communities.

　　()1.Many scholars are making efforts to________.

　　A．promote global languages

　　B．rescue disappearing languages

　　C．search for language communities

　　D．set up language research organizations

　　()2.What does “that tradition” in Paragraph 3 refer to?

　　A．Having full records of the languages.

　　B．Writing books on language teaching.

　　C．Telling stories about language users.

　　D．Living with the native speakers.

　　()3.What is Turin's book based on?

　　A．The cultural studies in India.

　　B．The documents available at Yale.

　　C．His language research in Bhutan.

　　D．His personal experience in Nepal.

　　()4.Which of the following best describes Turin's work?

　　A．Write, sell and donate.

　　B．Record, repair and reward.

　　C．Collect, protect and reconnect.

　　D．Design, experiment and report.

　　【主旨大意】世界上有很多語言正面臨著消亡。文章講述的是Turin和其他研究者拯救世界上那些面臨消亡的語言的具體做法。

　　1．【答案】B

　　【解析】 細節理解題。根據文章第二段可知，許多學者多年來一直都在致力于記錄那些即將消失的語言以及這些語言所反映的文化。故選B項。

　　2．【答案】A

　　【解析】詞義猜測題。根據文章開頭兩段可知，為了保護那些即將消失的語言，許多學者多年來一直從事這些語言的記錄整理工作。第二段中的關鍵詞document，意為“記錄”。而馬克·圖林作為語言學家，同樣也遵循這一傳統，也就是說，對語言進行著記錄。故選A項。

　　3．【答案】D

　　【解析】細節理解題。根據第三段最后一句可知，馬克·圖林最新出版的書是源自于他自己在尼泊爾的一個小村莊里生活和工作的經歷。故選D項。

　　4．【答案】C

　　【解析】細節理解題。根據最后一段第一句中的關鍵詞collect可知，馬克·圖林所設立的機構首先是收集材料；根據最后一段最后一句中的關鍵詞save 和 reconnect可知，馬克·圖林利用現代技術對那些即將消失的語言進行保護并將這些語言重新連接到它們所屬的言語社區。因此馬克·圖林的工作可描述為：collect，protect，reconnect。故選C項。

　?、?語法填空

　　(2024全國課標)

　　The adobe dwellings (土坯房)1.__________ (build) by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by even 2.__________ most modern of architects and engineers.In addition to their simple beauty, what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their 3.__________ (able) to “air condition” a house without 4.__________ (use) electric equipment.Walls made of adobe take in the heat from the sun on hot days and give out that heat 5.__________ (slow) during cool nights，thus warming the house.When a new day breaks, the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough 6.__________ (cool) the house during the hot day; 7.__________ the same time, they warm up again for the night.This cycle 8.__________ (go) day after day: The walls warm up during the day and cool off during the night and are thus always a timely offset(抵消)for the outside temperatures.As 9.__________ (nature) architects, the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly 10.__________ thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days.