2024屆廣東省廣州市高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)試題精選:?jiǎn)雾?xiàng)填空(情態(tài)動(dòng)詞與虛擬語(yǔ)氣)(含解析)
情態(tài)動(dòng)詞與虛擬語(yǔ)氣
一、考點(diǎn)解讀
情態(tài)動(dòng)詞與虛擬語(yǔ)氣有千絲萬(wàn)縷的聯(lián)系,它們往往放在一起考查。在近年高考試題中,對(duì)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的考查幾乎每年都有。縱觀近幾年的高考試題可以看出,高考對(duì)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的考查熱點(diǎn)主要包括:
1. 準(zhǔn)確把握情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表允許、推測(cè)、判斷等用法。
2. 準(zhǔn)確把握情態(tài)動(dòng)詞在虛擬語(yǔ)氣結(jié)構(gòu)中的使用。
3. wish, as if/though, if only, would rather+從句, It's time+從句等句型中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣。
4. 表示“堅(jiān)持、命令、建議、要求”的詞匯后及各類從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣。
5. 虛擬語(yǔ)氣在條件狀語(yǔ)從句中的倒裝。
二、題例精講
()1. They________ have arrived at lunchtime but their flight was delayed.
A.will
B.can
C.must
D.should
【解析】 D 考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法。should have done表達(dá)“本應(yīng)該做……然而沒(méi)有做成……”。C項(xiàng)有一定的干擾性,must have done sth表示“肯定做了某事”。
()2.If you________
smoke,please go outside.
A.can
B.should
C.must
D.may
【解析】 C 考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。must在這里表示“偏偏,非要”的意思。結(jié)合句意:如果你非要吸煙的話,請(qǐng)到外面去。所以選C。can表示“能力”;should表示“應(yīng)當(dāng)”;may表示“可能”。
()3.—I don't really like James. Why did you invite him?
—Don't worry. He
________
come. He said he wasn't certain what his plans were.
A.must not
B.need not
C.would not
D.might not
【解析】 D 考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。由后面的“not certain (不確定的)what his plans were”可以看出,他可能不來(lái),所以選D。A項(xiàng)表示“不準(zhǔn),禁止”;B項(xiàng)表示“沒(méi)必要”;C項(xiàng)不符合時(shí)態(tài)要求。
()4. —Where are the children? The dinner's going to be completely ruined.
—I wish they________
always late.
A. weren't
B. hadn't been
C. wouldn't be
D. wouldn't have been
【解析】 A 考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。由第一個(gè)人所說(shuō)的話可以看出,他擔(dān)心孩子們來(lái)了會(huì)把準(zhǔn)備好的晚餐給破壞了,由此可以看出,第二句wish 后是對(duì)現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)的虛擬,用一般過(guò)去時(shí)即可。
()5. I ________ sooner but I didn't know that they were waiting for me.
A. had come
B. was coming
C. would come
D. would have come
【解析】 D 考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。由but 后的句子可知是對(duì)過(guò)去情況的虛擬,所以應(yīng)該用would have done 結(jié)構(gòu)。句意為:我該早來(lái)一會(huì)兒的,但是我不知道他們?cè)诘任摇?/p>
()6.—Shall I inform him of the change of the schedule right now?
—I am afraid you________, in case he comes late for the meeting.
A. will
B. must
C. may
D. can
【解析】 B 考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)問(wèn)題“要我馬上告知他計(jì)劃的改變嗎?”可知答句為“恐怕你必須如此,以防他開(kāi)會(huì)遲到”。
()7.—How's your new babysitter?
—We ________ ask for a better one. All our kids love her so much.
A.should
B.might
C. mustn't
D.couldn't
【解析】 D 考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)句意“你們的新保姆怎么樣?”“我們不能再要求更好的了,孩子們都很喜歡她。”這里couldn't表示“不能……”,符合句意。should表示“應(yīng)該,應(yīng)當(dāng)”;might表示“可能”;mustn't表示“禁止,不允許”。
()8. The police still haven't found the lost child, but they're doing all they
________.
A.can
B.may
C.must
D.should
【解析】 A 考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。can表能力。do all (that) one can意為“竭盡全力”。句意為:“雖然警察仍未找到那個(gè)失蹤的孩子,但他們正竭盡所能。”
()9.—Why didn't you come to Simon's party last night?
—I wanted to, but my mom simply ________ not let me out so late at night.
A.could
B.might
C.would
D.should
【解析】 C 考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。答語(yǔ)句意:我本來(lái)想去,但母親偏不讓我深夜外出。would用于否定句中,表示“不肯,總是不”。
()10.I________ through that bitter period without your generous help.
A.couldn't have gone
B.didn't go
C.wouldn't go
D.hadn't gone
【解析】 A 考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。所填部分表示對(duì)過(guò)去發(fā)生過(guò)的動(dòng)作進(jìn)行猜測(cè),應(yīng)用“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+ have done”句型,couldn't have done表示“過(guò)去本不可能做……(但做了)”,符合題意。
()11.—No one
________ be compared
with Yao Ming in playing basketball.
—Oh, you are really his big fan.
A.can
B.need
C.must
D.might
【解析】 A 考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。句意為:“在打籃球方面沒(méi)有人能與姚明相比。”“呵,你真是他的粉絲。”根據(jù)句意可判斷選A。
()12. If you ________
go, at least wait until the storm is over.
A.can
B.may
C.must
D.will
【解析】 C 考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)句意“如果你________走,至少要等到暴風(fēng)雨停下來(lái)吧。”對(duì)比四個(gè)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can“能夠,可能”,may“可能”,must“必須,一定”及will“將要”可知答案為C。
()13. It ________ be the postman at the door. It's only six o'clock.
A.mustn't
B.can't
C.won't
D.needn't
【解析】 B 考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法。句意為:在門(mén)口的不可能是郵遞員,現(xiàn)在僅僅六點(diǎn)鐘。A項(xiàng)“禁止”;B項(xiàng)“不可能”;C項(xiàng)“將不會(huì)”;D項(xiàng)“不必”。根據(jù)句意和語(yǔ)境答案為B。
三、試題模擬
()1.When we worked in the same firm several years ago, we________ often go to the cinema together.
A. would
B. will
C. shall
D. could
【解析】 A 考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。句意:當(dāng)幾年前我們?cè)谕患夜竟ぷ鲿r(shí),我們常常一起去電影院。would在這里表示(過(guò)去)常常。
()2.—Where is Lucy?
—I can't say where she is, but she ________ have gone to meet her classmates, for they want to go to Sichuan to work as volunteers.
A.can
B.should
C.must
D.may
【解析】 D 考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。這里表示對(duì)過(guò)去狀況的推斷,用“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+have done”。從前面的“我不確定她在哪里”可知,用may have done,表示“過(guò)去可能已經(jīng)了……”(不確定)。must have done表示“過(guò)去一定做了……”(非常確定);can have done用在此處不合適,should have done表示“過(guò)去本該做……(實(shí)際卻沒(méi)做)”。
()3.You
________ get a new bicycle as a reward for doing well in the following final exam.
A.must
B.will
C.shall
D.should
【解析】 C 考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。句意:你在接下來(lái)的期末考試中取得好成績(jī)的話,會(huì)得到一輛自行車作為獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)。根據(jù)句意可知,此處要用表示許諾的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞shall。
()4.Had you listened to me, you________ in trouble now.
A. are not
B. be not
C.would not be
D. would not have been
【解析】 C 考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。虛擬語(yǔ)氣中, 從句是表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè), 主句表示現(xiàn)在可能會(huì)出現(xiàn)的狀況, 主句中常常加now, today等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ), 這時(shí)主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該用“would/should/could/might+動(dòng)詞原形”。句意:你要是早聽(tīng)我的話, 現(xiàn)在你就不會(huì)遇到這么大的麻煩了。
()5.I ________ you my bicycle, but I didn't expect you would come back so soon.
A.might lend
B.may lend
C.must have lent
D.might have lent
【解析】 D 考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。句意為:我本可以把自行車借給你的,但是我沒(méi)有想到你會(huì)這么快就回來(lái)了。might have done表示本可以做某事而實(shí)際上沒(méi)有做。
()6.The order came that the medical supplies
________
to Beijing for the H1N1 flu soon.
A.would be sent
B.should send
C.be sent
D.must be sent
【解析】 C 考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。當(dāng)表示愿望、請(qǐng)求、建議、命令等意義的動(dòng)詞(如order,suggest,command等)后面接從句時(shí),從句用虛擬語(yǔ)氣,從句謂語(yǔ)用should+do,should可以省略。故選C。
()7.—If you
________
to my birthday party last Saturday, you would have met our old friend Jim.
—I caught a cold because I had been walking around in the rain.
A.came
B.had come
C.would come
D.would have come
【解析】 B 考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。從語(yǔ)意分析,這是非真實(shí)條件句中對(duì)過(guò)去狀況的虛擬,主句謂語(yǔ)用should/would/could/might have done,條件句用過(guò)去完成時(shí)態(tài),答案應(yīng)該選B項(xiàng)。
()8.—Thank you for reminding me of the time, or I ________ late yesterday.
—Don't mention it.
A.should be
B.would be
C.will have been D.would have been
【解析】 D 考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。從語(yǔ)境可知說(shuō)話人是在談?wù)撟蛱斓氖拢虼艘褂们閼B(tài)動(dòng)詞would+完成式。
()9.Without the help of my English teacher, I ________
the first prize in the English Speaking Competition.
A.would win
B.would have won
C.would not win
D.would not have won
【解析】 D 考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。這是一個(gè)隱含的虛擬條件句,含有if my English teacher hadn't helped me with my spoken English之意,表示與過(guò)去的事實(shí)相反,故用與過(guò)去相反的虛擬語(yǔ)氣,因此D項(xiàng)符合題意。
()10.The purpose of education ________ be to provide students with a value system—not to prepare them for a specific job.
A.will
B.should
C.could
D.may
【解析】 B 考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞辨析。句意:教育的目的應(yīng)該是為學(xué)生提供一套價(jià)值觀,而不是讓他們?yōu)閺氖履骋豁?xiàng)特定的工作做好準(zhǔn)備。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞should表示“應(yīng)該”,合乎語(yǔ)境。
情態(tài)動(dòng)詞與虛擬語(yǔ)氣
一、考點(diǎn)解讀
情態(tài)動(dòng)詞與虛擬語(yǔ)氣有千絲萬(wàn)縷的聯(lián)系,它們往往放在一起考查。在近年高考試題中,對(duì)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的考查幾乎每年都有。縱觀近幾年的高考試題可以看出,高考對(duì)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的考查熱點(diǎn)主要包括:
1. 準(zhǔn)確把握情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表允許、推測(cè)、判斷等用法。
2. 準(zhǔn)確把握情態(tài)動(dòng)詞在虛擬語(yǔ)氣結(jié)構(gòu)中的使用。
3. wish, as if/though, if only, would rather+從句, It's time+從句等句型中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣。
4. 表示“堅(jiān)持、命令、建議、要求”的詞匯后及各類從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣。
5. 虛擬語(yǔ)氣在條件狀語(yǔ)從句中的倒裝。
二、題例精講
()1. They________ have arrived at lunchtime but their flight was delayed.
A.will
B.can
C.must
D.should
【解析】 D 考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法。should have done表達(dá)“本應(yīng)該做……然而沒(méi)有做成……”。C項(xiàng)有一定的干擾性,must have done sth表示“肯定做了某事”。
()2.If you________
smoke,please go outside.
A.can
B.should
C.must
D.may
【解析】 C 考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。must在這里表示“偏偏,非要”的意思。結(jié)合句意:如果你非要吸煙的話,請(qǐng)到外面去。所以選C。can表示“能力”;should表示“應(yīng)當(dāng)”;may表示“可能”。
()3.—I don't really like James. Why did you invite him?
—Don't worry. He
________
come. He said he wasn't certain what his plans were.
A.must not
B.need not
C.would not
D.might not
【解析】 D 考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。由后面的“not certain (不確定的)what his plans were”可以看出,他可能不來(lái),所以選D。A項(xiàng)表示“不準(zhǔn),禁止”;B項(xiàng)表示“沒(méi)必要”;C項(xiàng)不符合時(shí)態(tài)要求。
()4. —Where are the children? The dinner's going to be completely ruined.
—I wish they________
always late.
A. weren't
B. hadn't been
C. wouldn't be
D. wouldn't have been
【解析】 A 考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。由第一個(gè)人所說(shuō)的話可以看出,他擔(dān)心孩子們來(lái)了會(huì)把準(zhǔn)備好的晚餐給破壞了,由此可以看出,第二句wish 后是對(duì)現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)的虛擬,用一般過(guò)去時(shí)即可。
()5. I ________ sooner but I didn't know that they were waiting for me.
A. had come
B. was coming
C. would come
D. would have come
【解析】 D 考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。由but 后的句子可知是對(duì)過(guò)去情況的虛擬,所以應(yīng)該用would have done 結(jié)構(gòu)。句意為:我該早來(lái)一會(huì)兒的,但是我不知道他們?cè)诘任摇?/p>
()6.—Shall I inform him of the change of the schedule right now?
—I am afraid you________, in case he comes late for the meeting.
A. will
B. must
C. may
D. can
【解析】 B 考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)問(wèn)題“要我馬上告知他計(jì)劃的改變嗎?”可知答句為“恐怕你必須如此,以防他開(kāi)會(huì)遲到”。
()7.—How's your new babysitter?
—We ________ ask for a better one. All our kids love her so much.
A.should
B.might
C. mustn't
D.couldn't
【解析】 D 考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)句意“你們的新保姆怎么樣?”“我們不能再要求更好的了,孩子們都很喜歡她。”這里couldn't表示“不能……”,符合句意。should表示“應(yīng)該,應(yīng)當(dāng)”;might表示“可能”;mustn't表示“禁止,不允許”。
()8. The police still haven't found the lost child, but they're doing all they
________.
A.can
B.may
C.must
D.should
【解析】 A 考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。can表能力。do all (that) one can意為“竭盡全力”。句意為:“雖然警察仍未找到那個(gè)失蹤的孩子,但他們正竭盡所能。”
()9.—Why didn't you come to Simon's party last night?
—I wanted to, but my mom simply ________ not let me out so late at night.
A.could
B.might
C.would
D.should
【解析】 C 考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。答語(yǔ)句意:我本來(lái)想去,但母親偏不讓我深夜外出。would用于否定句中,表示“不肯,總是不”。
()10.I________ through that bitter period without your generous help.
A.couldn't have gone
B.didn't go
C.wouldn't go
D.hadn't gone
【解析】 A 考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。所填部分表示對(duì)過(guò)去發(fā)生過(guò)的動(dòng)作進(jìn)行猜測(cè),應(yīng)用“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+ have done”句型,couldn't have done表示“過(guò)去本不可能做……(但做了)”,符合題意。
()11.—No one
________ be compared
with Yao Ming in playing basketball.
—Oh, you are really his big fan.
A.can
B.need
C.must
D.might
【解析】 A 考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。句意為:“在打籃球方面沒(méi)有人能與姚明相比。”“呵,你真是他的粉絲。”根據(jù)句意可判斷選A。
()12. If you ________
go, at least wait until the storm is over.
A.can
B.may
C.must
D.will
【解析】 C 考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)句意“如果你________走,至少要等到暴風(fēng)雨停下來(lái)吧。”對(duì)比四個(gè)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can“能夠,可能”,may“可能”,must“必須,一定”及will“將要”可知答案為C。
()13. It ________ be the postman at the door. It's only six o'clock.
A.mustn't
B.can't
C.won't
D.needn't
【解析】 B 考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法。句意為:在門(mén)口的不可能是郵遞員,現(xiàn)在僅僅六點(diǎn)鐘。A項(xiàng)“禁止”;B項(xiàng)“不可能”;C項(xiàng)“將不會(huì)”;D項(xiàng)“不必”。根據(jù)句意和語(yǔ)境答案為B。
三、試題模擬
()1.When we worked in the same firm several years ago, we________ often go to the cinema together.
A. would
B. will
C. shall
D. could
【解析】 A 考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。句意:當(dāng)幾年前我們?cè)谕患夜竟ぷ鲿r(shí),我們常常一起去電影院。would在這里表示(過(guò)去)常常。
()2.—Where is Lucy?
—I can't say where she is, but she ________ have gone to meet her classmates, for they want to go to Sichuan to work as volunteers.
A.can
B.should
C.must
D.may
【解析】 D 考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。這里表示對(duì)過(guò)去狀況的推斷,用“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+have done”。從前面的“我不確定她在哪里”可知,用may have done,表示“過(guò)去可能已經(jīng)了……”(不確定)。must have done表示“過(guò)去一定做了……”(非常確定);can have done用在此處不合適,should have done表示“過(guò)去本該做……(實(shí)際卻沒(méi)做)”。
()3.You
________ get a new bicycle as a reward for doing well in the following final exam.
A.must
B.will
C.shall
D.should
【解析】 C 考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。句意:你在接下來(lái)的期末考試中取得好成績(jī)的話,會(huì)得到一輛自行車作為獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)。根據(jù)句意可知,此處要用表示許諾的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞shall。
()4.Had you listened to me, you________ in trouble now.
A. are not
B. be not
C.would not be
D. would not have been
【解析】 C 考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。虛擬語(yǔ)氣中, 從句是表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè), 主句表示現(xiàn)在可能會(huì)出現(xiàn)的狀況, 主句中常常加now, today等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ), 這時(shí)主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該用“would/should/could/might+動(dòng)詞原形”。句意:你要是早聽(tīng)我的話, 現(xiàn)在你就不會(huì)遇到這么大的麻煩了。
()5.I ________ you my bicycle, but I didn't expect you would come back so soon.
A.might lend
B.may lend
C.must have lent
D.might have lent
【解析】 D 考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。句意為:我本可以把自行車借給你的,但是我沒(méi)有想到你會(huì)這么快就回來(lái)了。might have done表示本可以做某事而實(shí)際上沒(méi)有做。
()6.The order came that the medical supplies
________
to Beijing for the H1N1 flu soon.
A.would be sent
B.should send
C.be sent
D.must be sent
【解析】 C 考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。當(dāng)表示愿望、請(qǐng)求、建議、命令等意義的動(dòng)詞(如order,suggest,command等)后面接從句時(shí),從句用虛擬語(yǔ)氣,從句謂語(yǔ)用should+do,should可以省略。故選C。
()7.—If you
________
to my birthday party last Saturday, you would have met our old friend Jim.
—I caught a cold because I had been walking around in the rain.
A.came
B.had come
C.would come
D.would have come
【解析】 B 考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。從語(yǔ)意分析,這是非真實(shí)條件句中對(duì)過(guò)去狀況的虛擬,主句謂語(yǔ)用should/would/could/might have done,條件句用過(guò)去完成時(shí)態(tài),答案應(yīng)該選B項(xiàng)。
()8.—Thank you for reminding me of the time, or I ________ late yesterday.
—Don't mention it.
A.should be
B.would be
C.will have been D.would have been
【解析】 D 考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。從語(yǔ)境可知說(shuō)話人是在談?wù)撟蛱斓氖拢虼艘褂们閼B(tài)動(dòng)詞would+完成式。
()9.Without the help of my English teacher, I ________
the first prize in the English Speaking Competition.
A.would win
B.would have won
C.would not win
D.would not have won
【解析】 D 考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。這是一個(gè)隱含的虛擬條件句,含有if my English teacher hadn't helped me with my spoken English之意,表示與過(guò)去的事實(shí)相反,故用與過(guò)去相反的虛擬語(yǔ)氣,因此D項(xiàng)符合題意。
()10.The purpose of education ________ be to provide students with a value system—not to prepare them for a specific job.
A.will
B.should
C.could
D.may
【解析】 B 考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞辨析。句意:教育的目的應(yīng)該是為學(xué)生提供一套價(jià)值觀,而不是讓他們?yōu)閺氖履骋豁?xiàng)特定的工作做好準(zhǔn)備。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞should表示“應(yīng)該”,合乎語(yǔ)境。