世界與環境(讀寫任務)

　　環境問題影響著人們的工作，學習，生活等，而我們的工作，生活，生產等又使環境污染越來越嚴重，如何保護我們的環境成為人們最為關注的話題之一。

　　涉及此話題的讀寫任務，常常涉及：1.世界范圍內環境污染的原因，如水污染越來越嚴重、砍伐森林嚴重、大氣污染嚴重、白色垃圾、人口增加等。 考生應該意識到最為本質的原因是人類活動。2. 環境問題給人們帶來的危害，其中包括自然災害問題。3. 如何應對環境問題，政府、個人應該做些什么。以及綠色生活、珍惜水資源、使用再生資源、實現經濟可持續發展、創建綠色學校等問題。

　　實用表達：

　　in the long run 從長遠看來

　　greenhouse effect 溫室效應 water shortage 水資源短缺 be unfriendly to the environment 對環境不利 ruin the environment 破壞環境 litter collection and disposal 垃圾的回收和處理 be in short supply 供應不足 make every citizen aware that 使每個人都意識到…… call on the efforts from all sides

　　號召各個方面做出努力

　　utilize the natural resources 利用自然資源

　　sustainable development 可持續發展

　　Everyone should take the responsibility to protect the environment./ It's everyone's duty to protect the environment.

　　保護環境，人人有責。

　　raise the awareness of environmental protection

　　提高環保意識

　　conserve natural habitats 保護生存環境

　　take effective measures; effective measures should be taken / adopted

　　采取有效措施

　　take active measures to protect rare animals

　　采取積極措施保護珍稀動物

　　environment-friendly products 環保產品

　　Gone forever are not only…， but… 永遠失去的不僅是……，還有……

　　閱讀下面的短文，然后按照要求寫一篇150詞左右的英語短文。

　　Science Daily (Jan. 31, 2009) — Scientists from the Complutense University of Madrid (UCM) have selected 262 European observatories which analyzed the series of (minimum and maximum) daily temperatures from 1955 to 1998 to estimate trend variations in extreme temperature events. According to the study, in Europe days of extreme cold are decreasing and days of extreme

　　heat increasing, from 0.5℃ to 1℃ in the average minimum temperature, and from 0.5℃ to 2℃ in the average maximum temperature.

　　Continuous rises in annual temperatures in certain areas lead to “changes in the environment and significant increases in the frequency of values considered extreme temperatures”. To reach this conclusion, the scientists worked with 135 stations with

　　a daily series of minimum temperatures and 127 stations with a daily series of maximum temperatures, located in 34 European countries.

　　During the 44 years of analysis, the researchers recorded extreme cold events (between the months of November and March) and extreme heat events (from June to September) noting a slight decrease in days of extreme cold and increase in days of extreme heat.

　　The decrease in days of extreme cold and increase in days of extreme heat are due to both local and global factors, according to the scientists. Some of them include the heat produced in cities or the change in the general circulation of the atmosphere which directly determines extreme temperature events.

　　Apart from their direct relationship with climate change, extreme temperatures (minimum and maximum) particularly affect human health.

　　【寫作內容】

　　1．以約30個詞概括短文的內容要點；

　　2．以約120個詞就“極端天氣頻繁”的主題發表看法，內容包括：

　　(1)分析極端天氣出現的原因；

　　(2)極端天氣對人類健康的影響；

　　(3)人類應如何應對？

　　【寫作要求】

　　可以使用實例或其他論述方法支持你的論點，也可以參照閱讀材料的內容但不得引用原文中的句子。

　　該篇讀寫任務所給文章是一則資訊報道，屬于說明文文體。文章告訴我們(According to the study) in Europe days of extreme cold are decreasing and days of extreme heat increasing以及這個問題產生的原因The decrease…are due to both local and global factors. Some of them include the heat produced in cities or the change in the general circulation of the atmosphere. 所以在進行概括時，我們首先闡述文章所說明的問題，然后再概括原因。

　　正文部分，三個要點所占篇幅部分伯仲。要點(1)和(2)屬于現象和影響的分析，屬于說明文文體，應該用一般現在時來寫。我們要意識到全球變暖是導致極端天氣出現的主要原因，所以對于要點(1) “極端天氣出現的原因”，我們可以從導致全球變暖的原因的角度來思考，比如：濫伐樹木，人類活動大量排放二氧化碳等多種溫室氣體等。極端天氣對某些傳染疾病的傳播起到推波助瀾的作用，極端天氣會導 致極端高溫，對人體健康最直接的影響是發病率和死亡率的升高，這些都是極端天氣對人類健康的影響(要點2)。 所以我們要減少二氧化碳的排放，植樹造林，保護地球的氣候，阻止其繼續惡化，是我們的共同責任(要點3)。

　　According to the passage, extreme temperatures happen much more frequent than ever before in European countries. These are largely due to the heat produced in cities and the circulation of the atmosphere. Reasons for extreme temperatures are varied. For one thing, human's activities like burning fossil fuels produce carbon dioxide, which make the globe warmer, causing the global temperature to go up. For another, people's cutting down trees that can absorb large quantities of

　　carbon dioxide for furniture also contributes to the warmth of the earth, which gives rise to extreme temperatures. Extreme temperatures can do a lot of harm to people's health. The heatwave or the high temperatures can cause stress, worsening of diseases and even death, especially among children and old people.

　　Therefore, to cope with the extreme temperatures, the most effective way is a global effort to reduce

　　emissions of greenhouse gases. Individuals should use less energy, plant more trees and recycle materials because everyone's contribution counts.

　　閱讀下面的短文，然后按照要求寫一篇150詞左右的英語短文。

　　Lakes, rivers and the air in many places in China are still polluted, some seriously, in spite of continuous efforts to control pollution, a Chinese environmental official said on Tuesday.

　　Zhang Lijun, Deputy Minister of Environmental Protection，said environmental protection departments across the country should press enterprises harder on pollution control.

　　The quality of the water sampled in almost a quarter of the monitoring stations set up along major rivers and in 28 major lakes averaged at level Ⅵ，which is too polluted to be used even for farm irrigation, while the air quality of 39.5 percent of 320 cities of prefecture level and above averaged level Ⅲ or worse，according to a document circulated at the meeting.

　　The Ministry of Environmental Protection was considering a policy to deprive polluting enterprises from enjoying favorable treatment in subsidies and taxation, usually given by investment-seeking local governments.

　　Last year, 156 projects with a total investment of 473.7 billion yuan (US$69.28 billion) failed environmental evaluations due to potentially high energy

　　consumption and pollution emissions，including many chemical and coal-burning plants.

　　In 579 projects that passed the evaluation，with a total investment of

　　2.4 trillion yuan, clean production technology and facilities had been used to ensure the reduction of pollutants, such as sulfur dioxide，Zhang said.

　　【寫作內容】

　　1．以約30詞概括所閱讀短文的主要內容；

　　2．以約120詞就“經濟的可持續發展”發表看法，內容包括：

　　(1)請舉例描述許多工廠或企業為了經濟利益不顧環保；

　　(2)你對這些工廠或企業的看法；

　　(3)請就“發展經濟不應以犧牲環境為代價”展開論述。

　　【寫作要求】

　　作文中可使用自己的親身經歷或虛構的故事，也可以參照閱讀材料的內容但不得直接引用原文中的句子。 ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________

　　One possible version:

　　As lakes，rivers and air in most places are still seriously polluted，Chinese Ministry of Environmental Protection is considering a policy to urge the enterprises to take measures to stop pollution.

　　To make a greater profit and save the expenses on environment facilities, many factories go against the law of protecting the environment. Some of them pour dirty

　　waste water directly into rivers, making the rivers not only undrinkable but also unusable. Others release poisonous gases into the air, causing residents to suffer a lot.

　　In my opinion, economic development should not be at the expense of the environment. Sustainable development should be adopted.

　　Without a sustainable environment, a country's raw

　　natural resources will be greatly reduced. Furthermore, without a healthy environment, how are people supposed to live? Therefore, stop doing such things as benefit us now but harm us later. We don't want future generations to suffer for our benefit. Part 2 Of 2 9. preserve vt. 保護,維護；保存；儲存；維持

　　Mr. Black was anxious to preserve his reputation.

　　布萊克先生急于維護自己的名聲。

　　A few of his early poems are preserved.

　　他早期的一些詩歌被保存了下來。

　　Fish are preserved in ice and salt until they

　　are sold.

　　魚出售前都存放在冰鹽里。 preserve n. (某人群或工作等的)專門領域； 果醬；泡菜；野生動物保護區 preservation n. 保存；維護；保養程度 preservable adj. 可保存的；可儲藏的 preservative n. &

　　adj. 防腐劑,保護劑；

　　有保護能力的 preserver n. 保護者；保護用具；私人保留地 preserve sth. / sb. from保全,使繼續存活,保護 They were determined to preserve their leader

　　from humiliation. 他們決心保護他們的領導人免受侮辱。 1. 應該小心保護視力。

　　_____________________________________

　　用preserve的適當形式填空 2. All the paintings were in an excellent state of

　　_____________. Eyesight should be carefully preserved. preservation 3. The police are the __________ of law and order. 4. What you see here is a perfectly ____________

　　13th-century house. 5. This kind of juice contains no artificial

　　_______________. preservers preserved preservatives 10. more than 不僅僅,不只是

　　Yao Ming is more than a basketball player.

　　姚明不僅僅是一個籃球運動員。 ① more than+數量詞,表示“……以上，多于”。

　　More than 300 workers were involved in

　　strikes last month.

　　上個月有300多名工人參與了罷工。 ② more than+動詞,表示“十分,非常”。

　　What he said more than disappointed me.

　　他所說的話使我非常失望。 ③ more than+形容詞或副詞,表示“十分，不

　　止，簡直”。

　　If you tell your father what you’ve done, he’ll

　　be more than happy.

　　如果你把你所做的一切告訴你的父親,他一定

　　十分高興。 no more than 表示“不過，僅僅”。 more than…can / could,

　　意思是“不能”,表示否定意義。 more A than B,

　　意思是“與其說B,倒不如說A”。 It’s no more than ten minutes’ walk from the

　　station. 從車站走到這里僅僅只要10分鐘。 The beauty of Hangzhou is more than words

　　can describe. 杭州之美是無法用語言描述的。 The child was more frightened than hurt. 這孩子的傷倒不算什么,只是受驚不小。 He always seemed old to me, more like

　　grandfather than like a father. 我總感到他長相見老,更像祖父而不像父親。 1. 這樣的寒冷人們遠不能忍受。

　　__________________________________

　　__________________________________ 2. 與其說我父親是個作家,倒不如說他是個

　　政治家。

　　__________________________________

　　__________________________________ The cold was more than people could bear.

　　My father is more a politician than a writer. 11. consequence n. 結果,后果,結論；重要性

　　Nothing of consequence occurred today.

　　今天沒什么重要的事發生。

　　as a / in consequence 結果

　　as a / in consequence of 由于,作為……的結果

　　of little / no consequence=not of any / much

　　consequence

　　不重要的,無足輕重的 take the consequences 后果自負,自作自受 If you behave so foolishly, you must be ready

　　to take the consequences. 如果你這樣愚昧下去,你必須準備自食其果。 consequent adj. 作為結果的；隨之發生的 consequently adv. 因此,所以 1. 請考慮一下后果吧,你不應該那么快作決定。

　　___________________________________

　　___________________________________ 2. 這孩子浪費了太多時間,因此,他考試失敗了。

　　___________________________________

　　___________________________________

　　___________________________________ Think of the consequences, please. You shouldn’t make a decision so quickly.

　　The boy wasted so much time and consequently / as a consequence, he failed in the exam.

　　3. 你的意見對我而言不重要。

　　__________________________________

　　__________________________________ 4. 他觸犯了法律,現在必須承擔自己的行為

　　帶來的后果。

　　__________________________________

　　__________________________________ Your opinion is of little consequence to me.

　　He broke the law, and now he must take the consequences of his actions. 12. due ①adj. 由于,因為；與to搭配相當于owing to

　　His success is entirely due to hard work.

　　他的成功完全是努力工作的結果。 ②adj. 到期

　　The debt is due on March 5.

　　3月5日債務到期。 ③adj. 定于(某時)到達

　　The train is due at 9:10.

　　火車預定在9點10分到達。 ④adj. 預定，預期

　　Her baby is due next week.

　　她的寶寶預計在下個星期出世。 1. 他的病是由于工作過度引起的。

　　________________________________ 2. 由于暴風雨他來晚了。

　　________________________________ His illness was due to overwork.

　　He arrived late due to the storm. 13. do up ①修繕；整新；收拾

　　We bought an old house and are doing it up.

　　我們買了一棟舊房子,現正在加以整修。

　　He came and helped me do up my room.

　　他來幫助我收拾房間。 ②扣緊；綁緊

　　Will you do up this parcel for me?

　　請你替我把這個包裹捆一下好嗎？

　　Do up the buttons on your shirt, Richard.

　　理查德,把你襯衫的紐扣扣好。 1. 在營地, 男孩們不得不自己打掃小屋。

　　___________________________________

　　___________________________________ 2. 她在淋浴前把頭發盤起來。

　　___________________________________

　　___________________________________ At camp, the boys have to do up their own cabins. She did her hair up before taking a shower. 1. Sometimes we try to deposit a little or change