2024高考英語（人教版）選修8U4一輪夯實練習及答案

　　選修8

　　(2024·廣西桂林、崇左市高三4月聯(lián)考)Our modern life is changing our eating habits.We are spending too much time in front of TV or computers and __1__(become) “couch potatoes” or “mouse potatoes”．We also eat too much junk food and we don’t get enough exercise.The foods we find in the supermarket are sometimes no

　　__2__(benefit) to us，and it is difficult to know exactly __3__

　　we are eating when we buy ready－made or pre－prepared dishes.Considering this situation，it is becoming __4__(much) important than ever

　　__5__(make) sure that we keep a healthy diet.

　　A healthy diet gives us the calories we need and don’t contain too much fat.The number of calories we need

　　__6__(change) depending on what kind of body we have (are we short，tall，heavy etc.)and how active we are.Quality food，or healthy food，gives us calories in the best way.Junk food，__7__

　　the other hand，gives us few calories and lots of fat and sugar.If we eat too much fat and sugar，we will put on

　　__8__(weigh) easily，in order to live

　　__9__

　　happy and long life，we should keep a __10__(balance) diet.

　　【語篇導讀】　本文是一篇說明文。不良的飲食習慣給人們帶來了很多危害，因此作者呼吁大家要養(yǎng)成健康的飲食習慣。

　　1．becoming　[考查動詞的用法。與前面的“are spending”構成并列謂語，故用－ing形式。]

　　2．beneficial　[考查固定搭配的用法。謂語動詞為系動詞be，故用形容詞作be no beneficial to”意思是“對……無益”。]

　　3．what　[考查關系詞的用法。句意：當我們購買了現(xiàn)成的或提前準備好的食物時，我們很難清楚地知道我們吃的到底是什么。know后面的賓語從句中缺少賓語，故填what。]

　　4．more　[考查比較級的用法。根據(jù)后面的than這個詞，可知要用形容詞的比較級。]

　　5．to make　[

　　6．changes　[考查動詞時態(tài)的用法。the number of 意思是“……的數(shù)目”。“The number of＋復數(shù)名詞”作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。]

　　7．on　[考查固定搭配的用法。on the other hand 為固定搭配，意思是“另一方面”。]

　　8．weight　[考put on后面缺少賓語，應當變成名詞。“put on weight”是“增肥”的意思。]

　　9．a(chǎn)　[考查冠詞的用法。live a happy life“過著幸福的生活”，這是固定詞組。]

　　10．balanced　[考查形容詞的用法。修飾名詞diet要用形容詞，balanced意思是“均衡的”。]

　　單句語法填空

　　1．Most of the students are willing ________ (condemn) his deed in the class as lack of manners.

　　2.You should realize that your________ (remarkable)may hurt the feelings of people around you.

　　3．People who harm others to benefit themselves are really ________ (disgust)．

　　4．I would have no ________ (hesitate)in declining the position.

　　5．It was at a wedding that I first made the ________ (acquaint)of him.

　　6．Yesterday her old mother________ me for her daughter.That means I was ________ for her daughter.In fact she often makes the same________．(mistake)

　　7．Tom is often________．Last year he went to Shanghai to try his ________．________ he met and married his girlfriend there.(fortune)

　　8．The children

　　____________ (classify) into different groups according to how much they know.

　　9．You should look up the right ________ (pronounce)of this word in the dictionary.

　　答案　1.to condemn　2.remarks　3.disgusting4．hesitation　5.acquaintance　6.mistook；mistaken；mistake　7.fortunate；fortune；Fortunately　8.were classified　9.pronunciation

　　Directions: For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.

　　“What are you going to be when you grow up?” is a question that you may have been asked. You may not even know there are a variety of geography-related jobs.

　　The Association of American Geographers lists nearly 150 different geography jobs. So, if you are interested in people, places, and environments, consider a job in geography. Your work will not be limited to maps—it might range from

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　　data to planning projects, or making decisions about the environment.

　　Processing Geographic Data

　　A geographer’s main activity is analyzing geographic information to answer geographic questions. Jobs processing geographic data begin, of course, with collecting the information. One on-the-ground job in data collection is that of a surveyor. Surveyors

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　　and measure the land directly. They may mark boundaries, study the shape of the land, or even help find sewer(下水道) and water systems beneath the Earth. High-tech information-gathering jobs include working with Geographic Information Systems (GIS) data. Some examples of these jobs include remote sensing specialists and GIS analysts. Data analysis jobs require the ability to think

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　　, high-level computer skills, and a college education.

　　Once data have been processed, a geographer may study the information to use in planning projects such as a new urban area, a(n)

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　　evacuation(撤退) plan, or the placement of a new highway. Planners can also help determine how to make a neighborhood a better place to live. These jobs, too, require good critical thinking, writing, and computer skills, as well as a college education. Planners are

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　　to the success of a community.

　　Advising Businesses and Government

　　About half of jobs using geography are in business and government. All kinds of businesses use geographic information to help build and

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　　their operations. A location analyst studies an area to find the best location for a client. The client might be a large retail store chain that wants to know which location would be best for opening a new store. The location analyst can study GIS reports on such elements as transportation networks or population in an area and give the business owners the positive and

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　　points about a location being considered.

　　In 1967, the Mexican government was looking for a location to create a new international tourist resort. They used location analysts to find an area that had good beaches and was easy to reach from the United States. The

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　　was Cancún, today one of the world’s most desirable vacation sites.

　　Businesses connected with natural

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　　such as forests also rely on geographers. Geographers help them understand the relationship between their business and the environment where their business is located.

　　In 1967, Cancún was a small island on Mexico’s Caribbean coast. It had white sand beaches, many birds and mangrove(紅樹) trees, but few people. After it was selected as a resort site, it was quickly

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　　. Today, Cancún has more than 100 hotels and 500,000 permanent residents. Many work in the tourist industry that serves the millions of visitors who come each year from all over the world.

　　Physical and Human Geography

　　Physical geographers are sometimes called earth scientists. Some study such topics as geomorphology (地形學), that is, the study of how the shape of the Earth

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　　. Others study weather and climate. Still others study water, the oceans, soils, or ecology. Jobs in these fields require

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　　scientific training.

　　Some geographers study economic, political, and

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　　issues as they relate to place or region. Human geographers are usually hired by government agencies to analyze a specific problem. These geographers work

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　　with political scientists, economists, and sociologists.

　　Together, they provide possible solutions to problems from many different aspects of life in an area. And, of course, geographers teach the subject at all levels of

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　　, from elementary schools to universities. But no matter what geography jobs people might hold, they are always trying to answer the basic geographic questions: “Where are things located?” and “Why are they there?”

　　1.A. performing

　　B. analyzing

　　C. appreciating

　　D. downloading

　　2.A. map

　　B. mine

　　C. shape

　　D. honour

　　3.A. creatively

　　B. critically

　　C. wildly

　　D. moderately

　　4.A. disaster

　　B. radioactivity

　　C. excursion

　　D. vacation

　　5.A. qualified

　　B. determined

　　C. valuable

　　D. feasible

　　6.A. survive

　　B. expand

　　C. manage

　　D. boom

　　7.A. negative

　　B. effective

　　C. depressive

　　D. profitable

　　8.A. scenery

　　B. destination

　　C. result

　　D. foundation

　　9.A. potentials

　　B. histories

　　C. resources

　　D. sciences

　　10.A. specialized

　　B. polluted

　　C. governed

　　D. transformed

　　11.A. proceeds

　　B. stretches

　　C. extends

　　D. changes

　　12.A. peculiar

　　B. special

　　C. reasonable

　　D. enthusiastic

　　13.A. psychological

　　B. contemporary

　　C. religious

　　D. social

　　14.A. closely

　　B. peacefully

　　C. loyally

　　D. sensitively

　　15.A. demonstration

　　B. revolution

　　C. examination

　　D. education

　　【參考答案】Section A

　　1--5 BABAC

　　6--10 BACCD

　　11--15 DBDAD

　　三、閱讀理解

　　A段

　　Digging a Hole in China's Black Gold.

　　China's love affair with coal is set to last, but for investors the romance has come out of the relationship.

　　For the last few years, investors in China's coal section have been mining a rich seam(煤層). From the beginning of 2005 to the end of 2011, the level Qinhuangdao coal price rose 81%, supporting strong growth in profitability (利潤)and enviable degree at mining majors like China Shenhua Energy.

　　But as any miner will tell you, the longer you work a seam, the more difficult it is to get value. China's coal prices have fallen nearly 10% in the last three months. A seasonal fall from the winter peak, and a cyclical（周期性的）slowdown brought about by China's slowing construction and money tightening, is only part of the picture. Those effects will fade, but coal miners will still have to battle against structural pressure for lower prices.

　　In 2008, China's 60 biggest miners the efficient excellences from a section with 9,000-plus firms accounted for just over half of civil production. Since then, the big have gotten bigger and the small are disappearing. Michael Parker, coal mining analyst at Sanford Bernstein, estimates in 2024 the top 60 miners will account for 80% of output.

　　The assumption has always been that it's the very low-cost little mining operations that will go to the wall, pushing prices up. In fact, Mr. Parker argues that it's small industrial operations working difficult seams, and with poor access to convey that will be the first to go. The exit of these high-cost means that spot prices will increasingly be set by bigger more efficient producers and that means pressure for prices to stay low.

　　With structural forces against a return to rising coal prices, investors in China's black gold should dig a huge stone hit their foot into a hole.

　　1. Which is the general idea of this passage?

　　A.Why it is difficult for China’s coal price to increase.

　　B. China's 60 biggest miners the efficient excellences.

　　C. the romance has come out of the relationship.

　　D. the low-cost little operations that will fail.

　　2. What is the investors’ attitude to China’s coal?

　　A. angry.

　　B. disappointed.

　　C. not excited.

　　D. very excited.

　　3.Which is a reason for the last few years’ Chinese investors feeling glad?

　　A. poor access to transport that will be the first to go.

　　B. investors in China's black gold got much money.

　　C. spot prices will be set by bigger producers.

　　D. coal price rose 81%.

　　4.The cause that led to a cyclical slowdown of coal price was______.

　　A. strong growth in profitability.

　　B. China's money tightening and slowing construction.

　　C. China's 60 biggest miners.

　　D. the small are disappearing.

　　5. The word “convey” in the fifth paragraph may mean ______.

　　A.transport.

　　B. change.

　　C. reduce.

　　D. increase.

　　本文為說明文，主要介紹中國的煤炭價格為何難以上漲，并具體分析其原因。

　　1.A。主旨大意題。因為本文主要講中國的煤炭價格為何難以上漲，并具體分析其原因。

　　2.C。推理判斷題。據(jù)第一段信息句China's love affair with coal is set to last, but for investors the romance has come out of the relationship. 中國與煤炭的“戀情”將繼續(xù)下去，但對投資者來說，這段關系已經(jīng)不能再讓人怦然心動了。以此得知其態(tài)度是不很興奮。

　　3. D。細節(jié)理解題。從第二段信息句For the last few years, investors in China's coal section have been mining a rich seam(煤層). From the beginning of 2005 to the end of 2011, the level Qinhuangdao coal price rose 81%理解得知煤價上升80%是投資者高興的一個原因。

　　4. B。細節(jié)理解題。從第三段信息句A seasonal fall from the winter peak, and a cyclical（周期性的）slowdown brought about by China's slowing construction and money tightening, is only part of the picture.理解到電煤需求較冬季取暖高峰期出現(xiàn)季節(jié)性的下滑，是由中國不斷放緩的建筑施工和貨幣緊縮措施造成的。

　　5. A。詞義猜測題。聯(lián)系前后文理解到本句意為：實際上，帕克說，行業(yè)內(nèi)的小型企業(yè)（開采的煤層難度較大、交通不便）將是首先被淘汰出局的。故這里是“運輸”的意思。

　　B段

　　閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個選項（A、B、C和D）中，選出最佳選項。

　　Researchers from France and Italy discovered that Canadian parents are less strict with their children than mothers and fathers in France and Italy.

　　“Our most important finding was the difference between Canadians and the others，” said Professor Michel Claes，the lead author of the study.“Canadians focus on independence and negotiation. On the other hand，Italians，for example，exercise more control. We found Canadians seem to focus on negotiation in case of a conflict.”