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2024屆高考英語命題猜想與仿真押題:專題08 定語從句(命題猜想)(解析版)

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2024屆高考英語命題猜想與仿真押題:專題08 定語從句(命題猜想)(解析版)

  【】which的考查是重中之重。

  【熱點突破】

  例1.(2024·高考安徽卷,T28)Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill upon ________ school education depends.

  A.it

  B.that

  C.whose

  D.which

  答案:D

  【異混易錯】as和which引導定語從句的區別

  as引導非限制性定語從句,既可在主句前,又可在主句后,有時還可插入主句中,as常譯為“正如……,正像……”.從句的謂語動詞多為see,know,Expect,say,mention,report等.

  The air quality in the city,as is shown in the report,has improved over the past two months.正如報告所顯示的,在過去的兩個月里,這個城市的空氣質量已有所改善。

  which引導非限制性定語從句修飾前面整個句子時,只能置于主句后,常譯為“這一點,這件事”等,這時它所引導的從句與主句之間常含有并列或因果關系。

  Mo Yan was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 2024,which made one of the Chinese people’s long-held dreams come true.莫言被授予2024年諾貝爾文學獎,這使中國人長久以來擁有的夢想之一變成現實。

  【變式探究】

  The number of smokers, ________ is reported,has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.

  A.it

  B.which

  C.what

  D.as

  解析:考查定語從句引導詞的選擇。句意:正如所報道的,煙民的數量僅僅在一年內就下降了17%。as作為關系代詞, 引導非限制性定語從句,位置非常靈活,可位于主句前、主 句后,也可位于主句中間。which引導非限制性定語從句時位于主句之后。

  答案:D

  【異混易錯】

  (1)whom,which,that在從句中作賓語時可省略;但介詞提前that。(2)as用在限制性定語從句中時先行詞必須有such或the same等修飾且as在從句中作賓語時不能省略。(3)定語從句中的主謂一致:關系代詞在定語從句中作主語時從句謂語動詞的單復數與先行詞保持一致。(the) one of+復數名詞”后接定語從句時當先行詞為“one of+復數名詞”時從句的謂語動詞用復數;當先行詞為“the(only/very/right) one of+復數名詞”時從句的謂語動詞用單數。

  【熱點突破】

  1.首先判斷是不是定語從句。如果是定語從句就要找準先行詞;選用關系代詞還是關系副詞取決于從句中的謂語動詞.及物動詞后面無賓語,就必須用關系代詞;而不及物動詞則 要求用關系副詞。

  2.準確判斷先行詞在從句中的成分(主、賓、定、表、狀),才能正確選擇出關系代詞/關系副詞。如果先行詞在從句中作 主語、賓語、定語,選擇關系代詞(which,that,who, whom,whose);如果先行詞在從句中作狀語,選擇關系副詞(when,where,why)。熟練掌握每個關系詞的用法是解題 的關鍵。

  例2.(2024·高考北京卷,T24)Opposite is St.Paul’s Church,________ you can hear some lovely music.

  A.which

  B.that

  C.when

  D.where

  答案:D

  【變式探究】

  In countries________many different languages are spoken,English is often used as an official language to help people communicate.

  A.where

  B.when

  C.why

  D.which

  解析:考查定語從句。句意:在一些說多種語言的國家里,英語經常作為官方語言來幫助人們交流。關系副詞where在此引導定語從句,修飾先行詞countries。

  答案:A

  【熱點突破】 “介詞+關系代詞”引導的定語從句

  1.依據定語從句中動詞所需要的某種習慣搭配來確定。

  I bought a great many books,on which I spent all my money

  that I saved.我買了很多書,這些書花了我積攢的所有錢。(spend...on...)

  2.依據與先行詞搭配的具體意義而定。

  Care of the soul is a gradual process in which even the small details of life should be considered.

  心靈的關愛是一個漸進的過程,在這個過程中即使是細微的 生活細節都應該被考慮在內。(in...process)

  3.依據所表達的意思來確定。

  The colorless gas without which we cannot live is called oxygen.這種無色氣體就是氧氣,離了它我們不能活。

  例3.(2024·高考重慶卷,T14)He wrote many children’s books,nearly half of ________ were published in the 1990s.

  A.whom

  B.which

  C.them

  D.that

  答案:B

  【變式探究】English is a language shared by several diverse cultures,________uses it differently.

  A.all of which

  B.each of which

  C.all of them

  D.each of them

  解析:考查定語從句及主謂一致。句意:英語是一種被好幾種不同文化共享的語言,每種文化都用不同的方式使用它。首先根據空格后的uses使用的是一般現在時的第三人稱單數形式可知,空格處需用單數名詞或代詞,可從B、D兩項中選擇(A項和C項中的all暗示空格后用use); 再根據uses是謂語動詞知空格處是主語,只有B項each of which能作主語,由此本句構成了定語從句。若選D項each of them,空格前后兩部分需用轉折連詞but連接,即構成buteach of them uses,或用獨立主格結構each of them using it differently。

  答案:B

  【熱點突破】:

  抓住它們各自的特征,結合語境去判斷到底屬于何種句型 或從句。

  I have three cars,none of which is in good condition.(定語從句)

  I have three cars,but none of them is in good condition.(并列句)

  The suggestion that he came up with is practical.(定語從句,that在從句中充當賓語可省略)

  He gave me a suggestion that we should read aloud every morning.(同位語從句,that在從句中不作成分,但不可省略)

  例4、We’ll reach the sales targets in a month ________we set at the beginning of the year.

  A.which

  B.where

  C.when

  D.what

  答案:A

  【變式探究】

  Recently I have bought an iPad 6 on the website of Taobao.com,________the price is very reasonable.

  A.on which

  B.in which

  C.of which

  D.from which

  解析:句意:我最近在淘寶網買了一臺iPad 6,它的價格非常合理。of表示所屬關系,意為“……的”。of which the price=the price of which=whose price。

  答案:C

  【高考真題解讀】

  1.(2024·江蘇)The number of smokers,

  is reported, has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.

  解析 句意:據報道吸煙者的數量在一年內下降了17%。as引導的定語從句在這里作主語意為“正如……這一點”代替整個主句的內容。

  答案 as

  (2024·湖南)It is a truly delightful place,

  looks the same as it must have done 100 years ago with its winding streets and pretty cottages.

  解析 句意:這真是一個令人開心的地方它看起來和一百年前一模一樣有著蜿蜒的街道和漂亮的小屋。which代替先行詞place在定語從句中用作主語引導非限制性定語從句。不可用that。

  答案 which

  (2024·浙江)Creating an atmosphere in

  employees feel part of a team is a big challenge.

  答案 which

  (2024·重慶)He wrote many children's books, nearly half of

  were published in the 1990s.

  解析 句意:他寫了很多的兒童書其中接近一半是在20世紀90年代出版的。根據句子結構以及選項可知是考查非限制性定語從句從句中缺少主語。此處關系代詞which代指前面的books作介詞of的賓語。

  答案 which

  (2024·四川)The books on the desk,

  covers are shiny,are prizes for us.

  解析 考查定語從句。句意:桌上的書是給我們的獎勵那些書的封面閃閃發光。本題考查非限制性定語從句的連接詞先行詞為the books和covers之間是所有關系故用whose。

  答案 whose

  (2024·安徽)Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill upon

  school education depends.

  解析 句意:一些專家認為閱讀是學校教育所依賴的基本技能。 考查定語從句。depend on/upon依靠依賴介詞后只能用which或whom來構成定語從句的引導詞先行詞為物故用which。

  答案which

  7.(2024·福建)China Today attracts a worldwide readership,

  shows that more and more people all over the world want to learn about China.

  解析 句意:《中國日報》吸引了全世界的讀者這表明世界上越來越which來引導。

  答案 which

  (2024·安徽)The exact year

  Angela and her family spent together in China was 2024.

  解析 考查定語從句。句意:Angela和她的家人一起呆在中國的那一年是20年。先行詞the exact year在定語從句中作spent的賓語且指物故用which也可用that或省略。

  答案 which/that/不填

  (2024·北京)I borrowed the book Sherlock Holmes from the library last week,

  my classmates recommended to me.

  答案 which

  (2024·山東)A company

  profits from home markets are declining may seek opportunities abroad.

  解析 考查定語從句。句意:利潤來源于國內市場且在下降的公司可以到國外尋找機會。此處關系代詞whose作定語。

  答案 whose

  【】which的考查是重中之重。

  【熱點突破】

  例1.(2024·高考安徽卷,T28)Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill upon ________ school education depends.

  A.it

  B.that

  C.whose

  D.which

  答案:D

  【異混易錯】as和which引導定語從句的區別

  as引導非限制性定語從句,既可在主句前,又可在主句后,有時還可插入主句中,as常譯為“正如……,正像……”.從句的謂語動詞多為see,know,Expect,say,mention,report等.

  The air quality in the city,as is shown in the report,has improved over the past two months.正如報告所顯示的,在過去的兩個月里,這個城市的空氣質量已有所改善。

  which引導非限制性定語從句修飾前面整個句子時,只能置于主句后,常譯為“這一點,這件事”等,這時它所引導的從句與主句之間常含有并列或因果關系。

  Mo Yan was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 2024,which made one of the Chinese people’s long-held dreams come true.莫言被授予2024年諾貝爾文學獎,這使中國人長久以來擁有的夢想之一變成現實。

  【變式探究】

  The number of smokers, ________ is reported,has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.

  A.it

  B.which

  C.what

  D.as

  解析:考查定語從句引導詞的選擇。句意:正如所報道的,煙民的數量僅僅在一年內就下降了17%。as作為關系代詞, 引導非限制性定語從句,位置非常靈活,可位于主句前、主 句后,也可位于主句中間。which引導非限制性定語從句時位于主句之后。

  答案:D

  【異混易錯】

  (1)whom,which,that在從句中作賓語時可省略;但介詞提前that。(2)as用在限制性定語從句中時先行詞必須有such或the same等修飾且as在從句中作賓語時不能省略。(3)定語從句中的主謂一致:關系代詞在定語從句中作主語時從句謂語動詞的單復數與先行詞保持一致。(the) one of+復數名詞”后接定語從句時當先行詞為“one of+復數名詞”時從句的謂語動詞用復數;當先行詞為“the(only/very/right) one of+復數名詞”時從句的謂語動詞用單數。

  【熱點突破】

  1.首先判斷是不是定語從句。如果是定語從句就要找準先行詞;選用關系代詞還是關系副詞取決于從句中的謂語動詞.及物動詞后面無賓語,就必須用關系代詞;而不及物動詞則 要求用關系副詞。

  2.準確判斷先行詞在從句中的成分(主、賓、定、表、狀),才能正確選擇出關系代詞/關系副詞。如果先行詞在從句中作 主語、賓語、定語,選擇關系代詞(which,that,who, whom,whose);如果先行詞在從句中作狀語,選擇關系副詞(when,where,why)。熟練掌握每個關系詞的用法是解題 的關鍵。

  例2.(2024·高考北京卷,T24)Opposite is St.Paul’s Church,________ you can hear some lovely music.

  A.which

  B.that

  C.when

  D.where

  答案:D

  【變式探究】

  In countries________many different languages are spoken,English is often used as an official language to help people communicate.

  A.where

  B.when

  C.why

  D.which

  解析:考查定語從句。句意:在一些說多種語言的國家里,英語經常作為官方語言來幫助人們交流。關系副詞where在此引導定語從句,修飾先行詞countries。

  答案:A

  【熱點突破】 “介詞+關系代詞”引導的定語從句

  1.依據定語從句中動詞所需要的某種習慣搭配來確定。

  I bought a great many books,on which I spent all my money

  that I saved.我買了很多書,這些書花了我積攢的所有錢。(spend...on...)

  2.依據與先行詞搭配的具體意義而定。

  Care of the soul is a gradual process in which even the small details of life should be considered.

  心靈的關愛是一個漸進的過程,在這個過程中即使是細微的 生活細節都應該被考慮在內。(in...process)

  3.依據所表達的意思來確定。

  The colorless gas without which we cannot live is called oxygen.這種無色氣體就是氧氣,離了它我們不能活。

  例3.(2024·高考重慶卷,T14)He wrote many children’s books,nearly half of ________ were published in the 1990s.

  A.whom

  B.which

  C.them

  D.that

  答案:B

  【變式探究】English is a language shared by several diverse cultures,________uses it differently.

  A.all of which

  B.each of which

  C.all of them

  D.each of them

  解析:考查定語從句及主謂一致。句意:英語是一種被好幾種不同文化共享的語言,每種文化都用不同的方式使用它。首先根據空格后的uses使用的是一般現在時的第三人稱單數形式可知,空格處需用單數名詞或代詞,可從B、D兩項中選擇(A項和C項中的all暗示空格后用use); 再根據uses是謂語動詞知空格處是主語,只有B項each of which能作主語,由此本句構成了定語從句。若選D項each of them,空格前后兩部分需用轉折連詞but連接,即構成buteach of them uses,或用獨立主格結構each of them using it differently。

  答案:B

  【熱點突破】:

  抓住它們各自的特征,結合語境去判斷到底屬于何種句型 或從句。

  I have three cars,none of which is in good condition.(定語從句)

  I have three cars,but none of them is in good condition.(并列句)

  The suggestion that he came up with is practical.(定語從句,that在從句中充當賓語可省略)

  He gave me a suggestion that we should read aloud every morning.(同位語從句,that在從句中不作成分,但不可省略)

  例4、We’ll reach the sales targets in a month ________we set at the beginning of the year.

  A.which

  B.where

  C.when

  D.what

  答案:A

  【變式探究】

  Recently I have bought an iPad 6 on the website of Taobao.com,________the price is very reasonable.

  A.on which

  B.in which

  C.of which

  D.from which

  解析:句意:我最近在淘寶網買了一臺iPad 6,它的價格非常合理。of表示所屬關系,意為“……的”。of which the price=the price of which=whose price。

  答案:C

  【高考真題解讀】

  1.(2024·江蘇)The number of smokers,

  is reported, has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.

  解析 句意:據報道吸煙者的數量在一年內下降了17%。as引導的定語從句在這里作主語意為“正如……這一點”代替整個主句的內容。

  答案 as

  (2024·湖南)It is a truly delightful place,

  looks the same as it must have done 100 years ago with its winding streets and pretty cottages.

  解析 句意:這真是一個令人開心的地方它看起來和一百年前一模一樣有著蜿蜒的街道和漂亮的小屋。which代替先行詞place在定語從句中用作主語引導非限制性定語從句。不可用that。

  答案 which

  (2024·浙江)Creating an atmosphere in

  employees feel part of a team is a big challenge.

  答案 which

  (2024·重慶)He wrote many children's books, nearly half of

  were published in the 1990s.

  解析 句意:他寫了很多的兒童書其中接近一半是在20世紀90年代出版的。根據句子結構以及選項可知是考查非限制性定語從句從句中缺少主語。此處關系代詞which代指前面的books作介詞of的賓語。

  答案 which

  (2024·四川)The books on the desk,

  covers are shiny,are prizes for us.

  解析 考查定語從句。句意:桌上的書是給我們的獎勵那些書的封面閃閃發光。本題考查非限制性定語從句的連接詞先行詞為the books和covers之間是所有關系故用whose。

  答案 whose

  (2024·安徽)Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill upon

  school education depends.

  解析 句意:一些專家認為閱讀是學校教育所依賴的基本技能。 考查定語從句。depend on/upon依靠依賴介詞后只能用which或whom來構成定語從句的引導詞先行詞為物故用which。

  答案which

  7.(2024·福建)China Today attracts a worldwide readership,

  shows that more and more people all over the world want to learn about China.

  解析 句意:《中國日報》吸引了全世界的讀者這表明世界上越來越which來引導。

  答案 which

  (2024·安徽)The exact year

  Angela and her family spent together in China was 2024.

  解析 考查定語從句。句意:Angela和她的家人一起呆在中國的那一年是20年。先行詞the exact year在定語從句中作spent的賓語且指物故用which也可用that或省略。

  答案 which/that/不填

  (2024·北京)I borrowed the book Sherlock Holmes from the library last week,

  my classmates recommended to me.

  答案 which

  (2024·山東)A company

  profits from home markets are declining may seek opportunities abroad.

  解析 考查定語從句。句意:利潤來源于國內市場且在下降的公司可以到國外尋找機會。此處關系代詞whose作定語。

  答案 whose

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