2024屆高考英語基礎知識講解與訓練:名詞
英語基礎知識篇 名詞的講解與訓練
第一節 詞法
目標
要求
1、運用詞匯理解和表達不同的功能、意圖和態度等;
2、運用詞匯描述比較復雜的事物、行為和特征,說明概念等;
3、學會使用3000個單詞和400—500個習慣用語或固定搭配。
一、詞 性
1. 整體概述
英語中共有十種詞性(),:(notional words),(noun)(verb)(adjective)(adverb)(numeral)(pronoun);(function words),(preposition)(conjunction)(article)(interjection),;,:
?。?)
?。?)Oh, you are a professor fro University, but I didn’t know. (劃線的均為虛詞)
哦,,
2. 具體用法
名詞的講解與訓練
知識要點
英語中的名詞主要分成兩種:一是普通名詞;二是專有名詞。(具體見下表)
名 詞 分 類 例
詞
普
通名詞 可數名詞 單數形式 book, photo, dictionary, pencil , woman
復數形式 tomatoes, wives, watches, pens, names
不可數名詞 milk, water, rice, fun, progress, music
專
有
名
詞 表示人或地方等專有名稱的詞,第一個字母需要大些。 China, Beijing, Zhengzhou, America, Lily,
England, Alice, Jack, Li Hua, Liu Hong-mei,
Karl Marx
疑難突破
1. 可數名詞與不可數名詞??蓴得~主要是一些普通名詞,它們既有單數,也有復數,既有規則的變化,也有不規則的變化;不可數名詞主要指物質名詞和抽象名詞。除少數特殊情況外,這些名一般沒有復數形式,如果要表示量化,前面要加數量詞。如:water(水), milk(牛奶, tea(茶), sand(沙子), bread(面包), progress (進步),advice (忠告),fun (趣事),information (信息)等。再如a kind of music (一種音樂 ),two pieces of news (兩則資訊), a bowl of rice (一碗米飯), three cups of tea (三杯茶)等。
平時要注意對少數特殊的不可數名詞意義上的區分。如water (水)--- waters (海水;河水;江水), food (食物)---foods (各種食物),iron(鐵)--- an iron/ irons (燙斗), success (成功)--- a success(成功者), pleasure (快樂)--- a pleasure (快樂的事), failure (失敗)--- a failure (失敗者)等。
2. 名詞所有格。名詞所有格多數情況是在名詞右上方打一撇或逗號,表示“……的”。但如果以 “ s” 結尾的名詞只打一撇或逗號就行了,同時也可在其名詞前用介詞“of”表示所有格。如Li Hua’s(李華的),Lucy’s (露西的),Liu Hongmei’s(李紅梅的),Fang Fang’s(芳芳的),students’(學生們的),women’s(女人的),the city of Shanghai (上海市),the city of Kaifeng (開封城),tomorrow’s newspaper (明天的報紙)等。
即學即練
1. The system has been designed to give students quick and easy
to the digital resources of the library.
A. access
B. passage
C. way
D. approach
2. The young man made a_______ to his parents that he would try to earn his own living after graduation.
A. prediction
B. promise
C. plan
D. contribution
The World Health Organization gave a warning to the public without any
when the virus of
H1N1 hit Mexico in April, 2009.
A. delay
B. effort
C. schedule
D. consideration
4. Form their ________ on the top of the TV Tower, visitors can have a better view of the city.
A. stage
B. position
C. condition
D. situation
5. The __________ shoes were covered with mud, so I asked them to take them off before they got into __________ car.
A. girl's; Tom's?
B. girls'; Toms'
C. girls'; Tom's?
D. girl's; Toms'
6. He doesn’t have _______ furniture in his room—just an old desk.
A. any
B. many
C. some
D. Much
7.—He says that my new car is a ____________ of money.
—Don’t you think those words are just sour grapes?
A. lack
B. load
C. question
D. waste
8. Hiking by oneself can be fun and good for health. It may also be good for ______ building.
A. respect
B. friendship
C. reputation
D. character
9. In our class, when the bell rang and the teacher closed his book, it was a ______ for everyone to stand up.
A. signal
B. chance
C. mark
D. Measure
10. Encourage your children to try new things, but try not to them too hard.
A. draw
B. strike
C. rush
D. push
名詞
即學即練
1.A。access to“接近……”是固定搭配。
2.B。那個年輕人向父母做出允諾----畢業后將盡量自食其力。make a promise做出允諾,句中that引導的是同位語從句,作promise的同位語。make a prediction作出預言;make a plan作計劃;make a contribution做貢獻。
3.A。名詞詞義辨析。delay耽擱,延誤;effort努力;schedule時間表;consideration考慮,體諒;關心。題意:當H1N1型2009年4月襲擊墨西哥時,世界衛生組織毫不猶豫地向人們提出了警告。選A。
4.B。名詞詞義辨析;stage:舞臺,時期,階段;position:位置;condition:條件,情況;situation:形式,情況;情景;根據空前的物主代詞their可以推斷出此處選B。題干意思是:從他們在電視塔頂部的位置,游客們可以更好地看到這個城市的景色。
5.C。名詞所有格形式。根據題干后半部分的them可知對應復數girls。此題較易。
6.D。furniture是不可數名詞,不能用many修飾;not …any相當于no,與后面的an old desk矛盾;some一般修飾肯定句;故答案選D。
7.D。考查單詞的區別:lack缺乏;load負擔;question疑問;waste 浪費;根據句意,尤其是下句的sour grapes(酸葡萄)可知答案選D。
8.D。根據常識便可知運動既可增強體質也可強健個性,不會增強尊敬或名聲,友誼可以增強,但與前面health不搭配,故答案為character。
9.A。根據句意可知打鈴及老師合上書本,這是下課的暗示,選項中只能選擇signal。chance機會;mark分數,痕跡;measure方法,措施;這三者不合題意。
10.D。句意為:鼓勵你的孩子去嘗試新事物,但不要把它們太難了。push 推,擠,逼迫;strike v. 打,罷工,劃燃;rush v. 沖進,匆促行事,催;draw v. 拉,拖,挨近,提取,畫,繪制。根據句意,應選D。
英語基礎知識篇 名詞的講解與訓練
第一節 詞法
目標
要求
1、運用詞匯理解和表達不同的功能、意圖和態度等;
2、運用詞匯描述比較復雜的事物、行為和特征,說明概念等;
3、學會使用3000個單詞和400—500個習慣用語或固定搭配。
一、詞 性
1. 整體概述
英語中共有十種詞性(),:(notional words),(noun)(verb)(adjective)(adverb)(numeral)(pronoun);(function words),(preposition)(conjunction)(article)(interjection),;,:
?。?)
(2)Oh, you are a professor fro University, but I didn’t know. (劃線的均為虛詞)
哦,,
2. 具體用法
名詞的講解與訓練
知識要點
英語中的名詞主要分成兩種:一是普通名詞;二是專有名詞。(具體見下表)
名 詞 分 類 例
詞
普
通名詞 可數名詞 單數形式 book, photo, dictionary, pencil , woman
復數形式 tomatoes, wives, watches, pens, names
不可數名詞 milk, water, rice, fun, progress, music
專
有
名
詞 表示人或地方等專有名稱的詞,第一個字母需要大些。 China, Beijing, Zhengzhou, America, Lily,
England, Alice, Jack, Li Hua, Liu Hong-mei,
Karl Marx
疑難突破
1. 可數名詞與不可數名詞??蓴得~主要是一些普通名詞,它們既有單數,也有復數,既有規則的變化,也有不規則的變化;不可數名詞主要指物質名詞和抽象名詞。除少數特殊情況外,這些名一般沒有復數形式,如果要表示量化,前面要加數量詞。如:water(水), milk(牛奶, tea(茶), sand(沙子), bread(面包), progress (進步),advice (忠告),fun (趣事),information (信息)等。再如a kind of music (一種音樂 ),two pieces of news (兩則資訊), a bowl of rice (一碗米飯), three cups of tea (三杯茶)等。
平時要注意對少數特殊的不可數名詞意義上的區分。如water (水)--- waters (海水;河水;江水), food (食物)---foods (各種食物),iron(鐵)--- an iron/ irons (燙斗), success (成功)--- a success(成功者), pleasure (快樂)--- a pleasure (快樂的事), failure (失敗)--- a failure (失敗者)等。
2. 名詞所有格。名詞所有格多數情況是在名詞右上方打一撇或逗號,表示“……的”。但如果以 “ s” 結尾的名詞只打一撇或逗號就行了,同時也可在其名詞前用介詞“of”表示所有格。如Li Hua’s(李華的),Lucy’s (露西的),Liu Hongmei’s(李紅梅的),Fang Fang’s(芳芳的),students’(學生們的),women’s(女人的),the city of Shanghai (上海市),the city of Kaifeng (開封城),tomorrow’s newspaper (明天的報紙)等。
即學即練
1. The system has been designed to give students quick and easy
to the digital resources of the library.
A. access
B. passage
C. way
D. approach
2. The young man made a_______ to his parents that he would try to earn his own living after graduation.
A. prediction
B. promise
C. plan
D. contribution
The World Health Organization gave a warning to the public without any
when the virus of
H1N1 hit Mexico in April, 2009.
A. delay
B. effort
C. schedule
D. consideration
4. Form their ________ on the top of the TV Tower, visitors can have a better view of the city.
A. stage
B. position
C. condition
D. situation
5. The __________ shoes were covered with mud, so I asked them to take them off before they got into __________ car.
A. girl's; Tom's?
B. girls'; Toms'
C. girls'; Tom's?
D. girl's; Toms'
6. He doesn’t have _______ furniture in his room—just an old desk.
A. any
B. many
C. some
D. Much
7.—He says that my new car is a ____________ of money.
—Don’t you think those words are just sour grapes?
A. lack
B. load
C. question
D. waste
8. Hiking by oneself can be fun and good for health. It may also be good for ______ building.
A. respect
B. friendship
C. reputation
D. character
9. In our class, when the bell rang and the teacher closed his book, it was a ______ for everyone to stand up.
A. signal
B. chance
C. mark
D. Measure
10. Encourage your children to try new things, but try not to them too hard.
A. draw
B. strike
C. rush
D. push
名詞
即學即練
1.A。access to“接近……”是固定搭配。
2.B。那個年輕人向父母做出允諾----畢業后將盡量自食其力。make a promise做出允諾,句中that引導的是同位語從句,作promise的同位語。make a prediction作出預言;make a plan作計劃;make a contribution做貢獻。
3.A。名詞詞義辨析。delay耽擱,延誤;effort努力;schedule時間表;consideration考慮,體諒;關心。題意:當H1N1型2009年4月襲擊墨西哥時,世界衛生組織毫不猶豫地向人們提出了警告。選A。
4.B。名詞詞義辨析;stage:舞臺,時期,階段;position:位置;condition:條件,情況;situation:形式,情況;情景;根據空前的物主代詞their可以推斷出此處選B。題干意思是:從他們在電視塔頂部的位置,游客們可以更好地看到這個城市的景色。
5.C。名詞所有格形式。根據題干后半部分的them可知對應復數girls。此題較易。
6.D。furniture是不可數名詞,不能用many修飾;not …any相當于no,與后面的an old desk矛盾;some一般修飾肯定句;故答案選D。
7.D??疾閱卧~的區別:lack缺乏;load負擔;question疑問;waste 浪費;根據句意,尤其是下句的sour grapes(酸葡萄)可知答案選D。
8.D。根據常識便可知運動既可增強體質也可強健個性,不會增強尊敬或名聲,友誼可以增強,但與前面health不搭配,故答案為character。
9.A。根據句意可知打鈴及老師合上書本,這是下課的暗示,選項中只能選擇signal。chance機會;mark分數,痕跡;measure方法,措施;這三者不合題意。
10.D。句意為:鼓勵你的孩子去嘗試新事物,但不要把它們太難了。push 推,擠,逼迫;strike v. 打,罷工,劃燃;rush v. 沖進,匆促行事,催;draw v. 拉,拖,挨近,提取,畫,繪制。根據句意,應選D。