敘利亞內(nèi)戰(zhàn)
2023復(fù)習(xí)正是強(qiáng)化復(fù)習(xí)階段，在考研英語(yǔ)中占了40分，所以考研英語(yǔ)閱讀是英語(yǔ)科目中重要的一項(xiàng)。名師老師曾建議過(guò)考研生需要堅(jiān)持每天泛讀10-15分鐘的英文原刊。強(qiáng)烈推薦了雜志《經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)人》.雜志中的文章也是考研英語(yǔ)的主要材料來(lái)源.希望考研考生認(rèn)真閱讀，快速提高考研英語(yǔ)閱讀水平。 Syria s civil war 敘利亞內(nèi)戰(zhàn) Desperate times 艱難時(shí)刻 A conference on Syria is not enough. The Westshould also arm the rebels 敘利亞問(wèn)題遠(yuǎn)非一項(xiàng)會(huì)議可以解決，西方國(guó)家還應(yīng)該為反對(duì)派提供武裝援助 NOBODY thinks that the Geneva negotiations, which began on January 22nd after months ofeffort, will bring peace right away. 經(jīng)過(guò)數(shù)月努力后，日內(nèi)瓦會(huì)議于1月22日召開(kāi)，沒(méi)人相信此次調(diào)解會(huì)立即帶來(lái)和平。 But with civil war raging inside Syria,just getting people around the same table feels like progress; and, it is argued, the talksmight lay the ground for negotiations that may one day lead to a ceasefire, or even to powerchanging hands. 然而，由于敘利亞國(guó)內(nèi)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)甚囂塵上，單是將雙方集結(jié)到一張桌子上已屬不易。而且，據(jù)稱(chēng)，此次對(duì)話可能為之后的談判奠定基礎(chǔ)，以實(shí)現(xiàn)最終的停火，甚至是權(quán)利交接。 Meanwhile, they can broker local truces and get relief to Syrians dying for lack of food andmedicine. 同時(shí)，這次的對(duì)話還可以調(diào)解地方?jīng)_突以求和平，為缺少食物和藥物的敘利亞人送去援助。 Anything that would alleviate Syria s plight is welcome. 任何有助于緩解敘利亞困境的行動(dòng)都是受歡迎的。 But if America and Europe are serious about helping Syria, they should arm the rebels fightingthe regime. 但是，如果美國(guó)和歐洲國(guó)家真相幫助敘利亞，他們應(yīng)該武裝反對(duì)派，打擊政權(quán)。 Out-thinking, out-manoeuvring, inhuman 先發(fā)制人，慘無(wú)人道 That is a message people do not want to hear. 世人并不想聽(tīng)到這樣的消息。 Then again, neither do they want to face up to the brutality inside Bashar Assad s prisons. 同樣，他們也不忍直視巴薩爾阿薩德監(jiān)獄里的殘暴。 This is not casual thuggery but, as a security official who defected from the regime withthousands of horrific photographs has revealed, an audited policy of official terroradministered on an industrial scale. 這并非一般的暗殺，而是一名安保人員，背叛組織后慘遭殺害，幾千張?bào)@恐的圖片披露了這一行徑，一項(xiàng)官方恐怖的審計(jì)政策以工業(yè)規(guī)模展開(kāi)。 The violence Mr Assad has used has driven reason and tolerance out of what was one of theMiddle East s most integrated countries. 總統(tǒng)阿薩德的暴行使原本團(tuán)結(jié)的中東國(guó)家失去了理性和包容。 Well over 100,000 people have died and millions have fled their homes. 10萬(wàn)多人喪生，數(shù)百萬(wàn)人流離失所。 The hatred is spreading to Lebanon and Iraq. 仇恨正向蔓延黎巴嫩和伊拉克。 The Geneva gathering cannot drain such an ocean of suffering and wrongdoing. It is builton the premise that Mr Assad will relinquish power through a transitional government. 日內(nèi)瓦會(huì)議無(wú)法化解這無(wú)邊的苦海和冤屈，除非總統(tǒng)阿薩德能夠放棄權(quán)力，組件臨時(shí)政府。 But why should he? 但是，他這么做理由何在呢? He believes he is winning. He is holding his own against rebel attacks, or even gainingterritory. 他認(rèn)為他正在獲得勝利。他正在盡全力對(duì)抗反對(duì)派，甚至擴(kuò)張領(lǐng)土。 The programme to eliminate his chemical arsenal, imposed after he murdered about 1,000civilians in a nerve-agent attack, has turned him into a partner of the West. 在他屠殺了1000多手無(wú)寸鐵的平民后，聯(lián)合國(guó)決議決定銷(xiāo)毀他的化學(xué)武器，但這卻使他成為西方國(guó)家的一員。 He set out to radicalise the rebels, releasing jihadists from his jails early in the conflict. 他決意激怒反對(duì)派，在沖突開(kāi)始早些時(shí)候釋放了圣戰(zhàn)者。 This programme has been so successful that Western voters now think the rebels are as vileas Mr Assad. 這一激將法十分奏效，西方國(guó)家目前認(rèn)為反對(duì)派同阿薩德一樣邪惡。 Geneva could even get in the way of peace. 可以說(shuō)，日內(nèi)瓦會(huì)議妨礙了和平進(jìn)程。 The humanitarian aid that may come from the talks is desperately needed by Syrians, but itcomes at a cost, because UN aid agencies will, again, depend on Mr Assad for co-operation. 敘利亞人亟需和談中可能達(dá)成的人道援助，但是這些援助卻不是免費(fèi)的午餐，因?yàn)槁?lián)合國(guó)援助機(jī)構(gòu)會(huì)再次依靠阿薩德的合作。 Peace is almost impossible unless Iran, Mr Assad s biggest backer, also leans on theregime. 除非伊朗阿薩德最大的支持者，也支持這一政權(quán)，否則，敘利亞和平只能是泡影。 Yet Iran was barred from the conference only hours after having been invited, because itwill not sign up to the condition that he surrenders power. 然而，伊朗在接受邀請(qǐng)數(shù)小時(shí)后就被拒絕參加會(huì)議，因?yàn)樵搰?guó)不同意阿薩德交出政權(quán)。 To cynics, Geneva is a device that lets everyone pretend to have a Syria policy even whenthey don t. 對(duì)批評(píng)人士來(lái)說(shuō)，日內(nèi)瓦會(huì)議只是權(quán)宜之計(jì)，讓所有人誤以為敘利亞問(wèn)題有方法解決，實(shí)則是無(wú)計(jì)可施。 That may be deft diplomacy, but it is a licence for inaction, and the price is counted inSyrian suffering. 于外交來(lái)說(shuō)，這一招妙不可言，但卻使不作為獲得了許可，而且代價(jià)在敘利亞傷亡中顯而易見(jiàn)。 As talks drag on, Russia and Iran will continue to boost Mr Assad s strength. 由于談判一再拖延，俄羅斯和伊朗將繼續(xù)為阿薩德提供援助。 It would be wrong to let the balance tilt so far that he can dictate terms. 力量失衡如此嚴(yán)重，讓阿薩德可以為所欲為，實(shí)屬下策。 The best way to break the deadlock would be for the West to arm and train selected rebels,as it should have done almost from the start of the violence. 打破僵局的最好辦法是西方武裝和訓(xùn)練精挑細(xì)選的反對(duì)派，戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)開(kāi)始之初就應(yīng)該這樣做。 Many fear that the beneficiary of money, equipment and arms would be al-Qaeda, whichmatches only Mr Assad in its contempt for human life and Western democracy. 許多人擔(dān)心錢(qián)財(cái)、設(shè)備和武器最后會(huì)落到基地組織手里，他們殘害生命和打擊西方政策的行徑與阿薩德不相上下。 But over the past few weeks that risk has diminished, as nationalist Sunni groups, includingdevout Islamists, have turned against the Islamic State of Iraq and al-Sham, an al-Qaedaaffiliate. 但是，在過(guò)去的幾個(gè)星期里，風(fēng)險(xiǎn)已經(jīng)降低，因?yàn)槊褡逯髁x者遜尼派，包括虔誠(chéng)的伊斯蘭教徒，已與伊斯蘭教國(guó)家伊拉克和ISIS反目，后者是基地組織的一個(gè)分支。 Not only are arms and money less likely to end up in the wrong hands, but the nicerrebelseven if they are not the most reliable or savoury alliesare the front line againstISIS, whose sectarian poison threatens the entire region. 不僅武器和錢(qián)不太可能落入賊手，稍顯仁慈的反對(duì)派即使他們不是最可靠、最適合的同盟者，卻在前線對(duì)抗ISIS，其派別紛爭(zhēng)威脅著整個(gè)地區(qū)。 Even with more outside help, the rebels are not about to defeat Mr Assad. 即使外援增加，反對(duì)派也無(wú)意于扳倒阿薩德。 But turning the tide of the fighting might shift the negotiations, too. 然而，轉(zhuǎn)移斗爭(zhēng)的矛頭可能會(huì)影響談判。 If the regime is under pressure on the battlefield, it may be more willing to negotiate aproper ceasefire, or even, if people are tired of war, Mr Assad s departure. 如果政權(quán)在戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)上飽受壓力，阿薩德可能更樂(lè)意協(xié)議?；穑蛘?，人們厭倦了戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)，阿薩德會(huì)選擇放棄。 Moreover Iran can ill afford to finance a stalemate. 而且，如果伊朗意圖不軌，大可繼續(xù)為其提供援助，維持僵局。 When it has had enough of pouring money into Mr Assad s seemingly endless conflict, it maybe willing to argue for peace. 待到有足夠的金錢(qián)支持阿薩德似乎無(wú)休止的戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)時(shí)，伊朗可能會(huì)求和。 Some say that if outsiders continue to help the rebels, they will condemn Syria to even moresuffering. 有人認(rèn)為，如果外界繼續(xù)幫助反對(duì)派，可能會(huì)使敘利亞的苦難更加深重。 That is possible. 這一點(diǎn)并非不可能。 But the brutality Mr Assad has practised against his own people strengthens the case fortrying to tip the balance of power against him, and the best way to persuade his backers towithdraw their aid is if the West has money on the table, too. 然而，阿薩德對(duì)其人們施行的暴政使外界決意使力量的天平向?qū)Ψ絻A斜，而且勸退其支持者的最好辦法便是，西方國(guó)家也提供援助。 One thing is certain: if either Mr Assad or al-Qaeda prevails, Syria will continue to suffer fora very long time. 一件事可以肯定：無(wú)論阿薩德或基地組織任一方勝出，未來(lái)很長(zhǎng)一段時(shí)間里，敘利亞都將繼續(xù)處于水深火熱中煎熬。 詞語(yǔ)解釋 1.lack of 缺乏 Another problem was the lack of competition. 另一個(gè)問(wèn)題是缺乏競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。 Her lack of experience is a severe disability. 她缺少經(jīng)驗(yàn)是一個(gè)嚴(yán)重的障礙。 2.face up 面對(duì)，擔(dān)當(dāng) But one country has yet to face up to its changed circumstances. 但是，歐元區(qū)仍有一個(gè)國(guó)家尚未勇敢面對(duì)物是人非的外部環(huán)境。 Managers must face up to its existence and influence. 管理者必須正視它的存在和影響。 3.spread to 蔓延到;波及 The crisis threatened to spread to china. 這場(chǎng)危機(jī)甚至波及了中國(guó)。 The mayhem spread to other parts of the city. 混亂也蔓延到了曼谷市的其他地區(qū)。 4.set out to 打算，著手 The screenwriter set out to explore the ways in which different people face demandingtimes. 劇本作者一開(kāi)始是要探討不同的人面對(duì)艱難時(shí)期的方式。 He has set out to make salesforce a more generous and efficient donor than any otherfirm. 現(xiàn)在貝尼奧夫已經(jīng)開(kāi)始讓salesforce公司成為一個(gè)比別的公司更慷慨、更有效率的慈善家。
2023復(fù)習(xí)正是強(qiáng)化復(fù)習(xí)階段，在考研英語(yǔ)中占了40分，所以考研英語(yǔ)閱讀是英語(yǔ)科目中重要的一項(xiàng)。名師老師曾建議過(guò)考研生需要堅(jiān)持每天泛讀10-15分鐘的英文原刊。強(qiáng)烈推薦了雜志《經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)人》.雜志中的文章也是考研英語(yǔ)的主要材料來(lái)源.希望考研考生認(rèn)真閱讀，快速提高考研英語(yǔ)閱讀水平。 Syria s civil war 敘利亞內(nèi)戰(zhàn) Desperate times 艱難時(shí)刻 A conference on Syria is not enough. The Westshould also arm the rebels 敘利亞問(wèn)題遠(yuǎn)非一項(xiàng)會(huì)議可以解決，西方國(guó)家還應(yīng)該為反對(duì)派提供武裝援助 NOBODY thinks that the Geneva negotiations, which began on January 22nd after months ofeffort, will bring peace right away. 經(jīng)過(guò)數(shù)月努力后，日內(nèi)瓦會(huì)議于1月22日召開(kāi)，沒(méi)人相信此次調(diào)解會(huì)立即帶來(lái)和平。 But with civil war raging inside Syria,just getting people around the same table feels like progress; and, it is argued, the talksmight lay the ground for negotiations that may one day lead to a ceasefire, or even to powerchanging hands. 然而，由于敘利亞國(guó)內(nèi)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)甚囂塵上，單是將雙方集結(jié)到一張桌子上已屬不易。而且，據(jù)稱(chēng)，此次對(duì)話可能為之后的談判奠定基礎(chǔ)，以實(shí)現(xiàn)最終的?；?，甚至是權(quán)利交接。 Meanwhile, they can broker local truces and get relief to Syrians dying for lack of food andmedicine. 同時(shí)，這次的對(duì)話還可以調(diào)解地方?jīng)_突以求和平，為缺少食物和藥物的敘利亞人送去援助。 Anything that would alleviate Syria s plight is welcome. 任何有助于緩解敘利亞困境的行動(dòng)都是受歡迎的。 But if America and Europe are serious about helping Syria, they should arm the rebels fightingthe regime. 但是，如果美國(guó)和歐洲國(guó)家真相幫助敘利亞，他們應(yīng)該武裝反對(duì)派，打擊政權(quán)。 Out-thinking, out-manoeuvring, inhuman 先發(fā)制人，慘無(wú)人道 That is a message people do not want to hear. 世人并不想聽(tīng)到這樣的消息。 Then again, neither do they want to face up to the brutality inside Bashar Assad s prisons. 同樣，他們也不忍直視巴薩爾阿薩德監(jiān)獄里的殘暴。 This is not casual thuggery but, as a security official who defected from the regime withthousands of horrific photographs has revealed, an audited policy of official terroradministered on an industrial scale. 這并非一般的暗殺，而是一名安保人員，背叛組織后慘遭殺害，幾千張?bào)@恐的圖片披露了這一行徑，一項(xiàng)官方恐怖的審計(jì)政策以工業(yè)規(guī)模展開(kāi)。 The violence Mr Assad has used has driven reason and tolerance out of what was one of theMiddle East s most integrated countries. 總統(tǒng)阿薩德的暴行使原本團(tuán)結(jié)的中東國(guó)家失去了理性和包容。 Well over 100,000 people have died and millions have fled their homes. 10萬(wàn)多人喪生，數(shù)百萬(wàn)人流離失所。 The hatred is spreading to Lebanon and Iraq. 仇恨正向蔓延黎巴嫩和伊拉克。 The Geneva gathering cannot drain such an ocean of suffering and wrongdoing. It is builton the premise that Mr Assad will relinquish power through a transitional government. 日內(nèi)瓦會(huì)議無(wú)法化解這無(wú)邊的苦海和冤屈，除非總統(tǒng)阿薩德能夠放棄權(quán)力，組件臨時(shí)政府。 But why should he? 但是，他這么做理由何在呢? He believes he is winning. He is holding his own against rebel attacks, or even gainingterritory. 他認(rèn)為他正在獲得勝利。他正在盡全力對(duì)抗反對(duì)派，甚至擴(kuò)張領(lǐng)土。 The programme to eliminate his chemical arsenal, imposed after he murdered about 1,000civilians in a nerve-agent attack, has turned him into a partner of the West. 在他屠殺了1000多手無(wú)寸鐵的平民后，聯(lián)合國(guó)決議決定銷(xiāo)毀他的化學(xué)武器，但這卻使他成為西方國(guó)家的一員。 He set out to radicalise the rebels, releasing jihadists from his jails early in the conflict. 他決意激怒反對(duì)派，在沖突開(kāi)始早些時(shí)候釋放了圣戰(zhàn)者。 This programme has been so successful that Western voters now think the rebels are as vileas Mr Assad. 這一激將法十分奏效，西方國(guó)家目前認(rèn)為反對(duì)派同阿薩德一樣邪惡。 Geneva could even get in the way of peace. 可以說(shuō)，日內(nèi)瓦會(huì)議妨礙了和平進(jìn)程。 The humanitarian aid that may come from the talks is desperately needed by Syrians, but itcomes at a cost, because UN aid agencies will, again, depend on Mr Assad for co-operation. 敘利亞人亟需和談中可能達(dá)成的人道援助，但是這些援助卻不是免費(fèi)的午餐，因?yàn)槁?lián)合國(guó)援助機(jī)構(gòu)會(huì)再次依靠阿薩德的合作。 Peace is almost impossible unless Iran, Mr Assad s biggest backer, also leans on theregime. 除非伊朗阿薩德最大的支持者，也支持這一政權(quán)，否則，敘利亞和平只能是泡影。 Yet Iran was barred from the conference only hours after having been invited, because itwill not sign up to the condition that he surrenders power. 然而，伊朗在接受邀請(qǐng)數(shù)小時(shí)后就被拒絕參加會(huì)議，因?yàn)樵搰?guó)不同意阿薩德交出政權(quán)。 To cynics, Geneva is a device that lets everyone pretend to have a Syria policy even whenthey don t. 對(duì)批評(píng)人士來(lái)說(shuō)，日內(nèi)瓦會(huì)議只是權(quán)宜之計(jì)，讓所有人誤以為敘利亞問(wèn)題有方法解決，實(shí)則是無(wú)計(jì)可施。 That may be deft diplomacy, but it is a licence for inaction, and the price is counted inSyrian suffering. 于外交來(lái)說(shuō)，這一招妙不可言，但卻使不作為獲得了許可，而且代價(jià)在敘利亞傷亡中顯而易見(jiàn)。 As talks drag on, Russia and Iran will continue to boost Mr Assad s strength. 由于談判一再拖延，俄羅斯和伊朗將繼續(xù)為阿薩德提供援助。 It would be wrong to let the balance tilt so far that he can dictate terms. 力量失衡如此嚴(yán)重，讓阿薩德可以為所欲為，實(shí)屬下策。 The best way to break the deadlock would be for the West to arm and train selected rebels,as it should have done almost from the start of the violence. 打破僵局的最好辦法是西方武裝和訓(xùn)練精挑細(xì)選的反對(duì)派，戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)開(kāi)始之初就應(yīng)該這樣做。 Many fear that the beneficiary of money, equipment and arms would be al-Qaeda, whichmatches only Mr Assad in its contempt for human life and Western democracy. 許多人擔(dān)心錢(qián)財(cái)、設(shè)備和武器最后會(huì)落到基地組織手里，他們殘害生命和打擊西方政策的行徑與阿薩德不相上下。 But over the past few weeks that risk has diminished, as nationalist Sunni groups, includingdevout Islamists, have turned against the Islamic State of Iraq and al-Sham, an al-Qaedaaffiliate. 但是，在過(guò)去的幾個(gè)星期里，風(fēng)險(xiǎn)已經(jīng)降低，因?yàn)槊褡逯髁x者遜尼派，包括虔誠(chéng)的伊斯蘭教徒，已與伊斯蘭教國(guó)家伊拉克和ISIS反目，后者是基地組織的一個(gè)分支。 Not only are arms and money less likely to end up in the wrong hands, but the nicerrebelseven if they are not the most reliable or savoury alliesare the front line againstISIS, whose sectarian poison threatens the entire region. 不僅武器和錢(qián)不太可能落入賊手，稍顯仁慈的反對(duì)派即使他們不是最可靠、最適合的同盟者，卻在前線對(duì)抗ISIS，其派別紛爭(zhēng)威脅著整個(gè)地區(qū)。 Even with more outside help, the rebels are not about to defeat Mr Assad. 即使外援增加，反對(duì)派也無(wú)意于扳倒阿薩德。 But turning the tide of the fighting might shift the negotiations, too. 然而，轉(zhuǎn)移斗爭(zhēng)的矛頭可能會(huì)影響談判。 If the regime is under pressure on the battlefield, it may be more willing to negotiate aproper ceasefire, or even, if people are tired of war, Mr Assad s departure. 如果政權(quán)在戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)上飽受壓力，阿薩德可能更樂(lè)意協(xié)議?；穑蛘?，人們厭倦了戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)，阿薩德會(huì)選擇放棄。 Moreover Iran can ill afford to finance a stalemate. 而且，如果伊朗意圖不軌，大可繼續(xù)為其提供援助，維持僵局。 When it has had enough of pouring money into Mr Assad s seemingly endless conflict, it maybe willing to argue for peace. 待到有足夠的金錢(qián)支持阿薩德似乎無(wú)休止的戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)時(shí)，伊朗可能會(huì)求和。 Some say that if outsiders continue to help the rebels, they will condemn Syria to even moresuffering. 有人認(rèn)為，如果外界繼續(xù)幫助反對(duì)派，可能會(huì)使敘利亞的苦難更加深重。 That is possible. 這一點(diǎn)并非不可能。 But the brutality Mr Assad has practised against his own people strengthens the case fortrying to tip the balance of power against him, and the best way to persuade his backers towithdraw their aid is if the West has money on the table, too. 然而，阿薩德對(duì)其人們施行的暴政使外界決意使力量的天平向?qū)Ψ絻A斜，而且勸退其支持者的最好辦法便是，西方國(guó)家也提供援助。 One thing is certain: if either Mr Assad or al-Qaeda prevails, Syria will continue to suffer fora very long time. 一件事可以肯定：無(wú)論阿薩德或基地組織任一方勝出，未來(lái)很長(zhǎng)一段時(shí)間里，敘利亞都將繼續(xù)處于水深火熱中煎熬。 詞語(yǔ)解釋 1.lack of 缺乏 Another problem was the lack of competition. 另一個(gè)問(wèn)題是缺乏競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。 Her lack of experience is a severe disability. 她缺少經(jīng)驗(yàn)是一個(gè)嚴(yán)重的障礙。 2.face up 面對(duì)，擔(dān)當(dāng) But one country has yet to face up to its changed circumstances. 但是，歐元區(qū)仍有一個(gè)國(guó)家尚未勇敢面對(duì)物是人非的外部環(huán)境。 Managers must face up to its existence and influence. 管理者必須正視它的存在和影響。 3.spread to 蔓延到;波及 The crisis threatened to spread to china. 這場(chǎng)危機(jī)甚至波及了中國(guó)。 The mayhem spread to other parts of the city. 混亂也蔓延到了曼谷市的其他地區(qū)。 4.set out to 打算，著手 The screenwriter set out to explore the ways in which different people face demandingtimes. 劇本作者一開(kāi)始是要探討不同的人面對(duì)艱難時(shí)期的方式。 He has set out to make salesforce a more generous and efficient donor than any otherfirm. 現(xiàn)在貝尼奧夫已經(jīng)開(kāi)始讓salesforce公司成為一個(gè)比別的公司更慷慨、更有效率的慈善家。
