一項(xiàng)由英國(guó)政府委托調(diào)研的報(bào)告結(jié)果顯示，如果人們?cè)俨恍袆?dòng)起來對(duì)抗“超級(jí)病菌”的話，那么到 2050 年，平均每三秒鐘，超級(jí)病菌就會(huì)奪走一個(gè)人的生命。英國(guó)醫(yī)生建議人們減少抗生素的使用。接下來自學(xué)庫(kù)英語(yǔ)網(wǎng)與大家討論人類對(duì)越來越多的細(xì)菌產(chǎn)生抗藥性的擔(dān)憂。

課文內(nèi)容

詞匯: medicine 藥物

If you live in England and have a mild infection, don't ask your GP to recommend antibiotics. He'll probably say 'no' and give you something else. This is part of an initiative to put a stop to harmful infections becoming resistant to these drugs.

Recent figures from the NHS have shown that the number of prescriptions for all types of antibiotics were down by 7.3% on the previous year to about 34 million in 2024 and 2024, which is considered a success by the authorities.

Peter Taylor, Professor of Microbiology, UCL School of Pharmacy, says that antibiotics are probably "the safest and most effective drugs ever produced, but they have an Achilles heel - every time we use an antibiotic it alters the levels of bacteria out there in the environment and engenders resistance in a way that is very similar to Darwinian natural selection".

The power of these substances was discovered by Alexander Fleming in 1928 almost by chance. The Scottish bacteriologist returned to his laboratory after a holiday to find a bacteria-free circle around a growth of mould on a Petri dish. It gave us our first antibiotic: penicillin.

The availability of these drugs revolutionised the treatment of infections. In the past STIs spread by bacteria were often incurable and deadly. Today all it takes to treat them is a trip to the clinic and a course of antibiotics. Childbirth was very dangerous and routinely ended in death for both mother and baby. Now the risk of a woman dying in England and Wales during labouris between 40 and 50 times lower than 60 years ago.

Bacteria will continue to evolve to seek survival and we have to up our game. There hasn't been a new class of antibiotics since the 1980s and pharmaceutical companies are looking into a wide-range of alternatives – from compound from insects to nanotechnology - to develop new weapons in the continuous war against superbugs.

詞匯表

infection 感染

GP (general practitioner) 全科醫(yī)生，普通醫(yī)師

antibiotics 抗生素

NHS (National Health Service) 全民醫(yī)療服務(wù)制度

prescription 處方，藥方

microbiology 微生物學(xué)

pharmacy 藥店，(此處指)藥劑學(xué)

Achilles heel 致命弱點(diǎn)，致命傷

Darwinian natural selection 達(dá)爾文的自然選擇(學(xué)說)

bacteriologist 細(xì)菌學(xué)家

mould 霉，霉菌

Petri dish 皮氏培養(yǎng)皿

penicillin 盤尼西林，青霉素

STI (sexually-transmitted infections) 性傳播疾病

incurable 無法治愈的

labour 分娩

pharmaceutical 制藥的

nanotechnology 納米技術(shù)

superbug 超級(jí)病菌

測(cè)驗(yàn)與練習(xí)

1. 閱讀課文并回答問題。

1. Why won't doctors give you antibiotics if your illness is not very serious?

2. How does Professor Peter Taylor describe the weakness in antibiotics?

3. True or false? Alexander Fleming expected the fungus to kill bacteria when he returned to his laboratory.

4. How much safer has childbirth become in the last few decades?

5. Which two words in the text include prefixes meaning "very small"?

2. 請(qǐng)你在不參考課文的情況下完成下列練習(xí)。選擇一個(gè)意思合適的單詞填入句子的空格處 。

1. My brother is going to university. He wants to study __________.

bacteriologist pharmaceutical pharmacy a course of antibiotics

2. I've got a bad rash on my elbow. The doctor will give me a __________ for a very effective ointment.

antibiotic Petri dish mould prescription

3. In the past it was very difficult to cure __________.

childbirth penicillin STIs labour

4. The doctor told me he has to operate on me tomorrow. That's the only way to treat my illness - there's no __________.

availability Achilles heel resistance alternative

5. Mark spent his first year at university partying and having fun. If he wants to get a diploma he has to __________ and study more.

up his game be my game game up win the game

答案

1. 閱讀課文并回答問題。

1. Why won't doctors give you antibiotics if your illness is not very serious?

Because the constant use of antibiotics make bacteria develop a resistance to them.

2. How does Professor Peter Taylor describe the weakness in antibiotics?

He says they have an "Achilles heel".

3. True or false? Alexander Fleming expected the fungus to kill bacteria when he returned to his laboratory.

False. He discovered the bacteria-killing power of the fungus by chance.

4. How much safer has childbirth become in the last few decades?

The risk of a woman dying in England and Wales during childbirth is between 40 and 50 times lower than 60 years ago.

5.Which two words in the text include prefixes meaning "very small"?

MICRObiologist, NANOtechnology.

2. 請(qǐng)你在不參考課文的情況下完成下列練習(xí)。選擇一個(gè)意思合適的單詞填入句子的空格處 。

1. My brother is going to university. He wants to study pharmacy.

2. I've got a bad rash on my elbow. The doctor will give me a prescription for a very effective ointment.

3. In the past it was very difficult to cure STIs.

4. The doctor told me he has to operate on me tomorrow. That's the only way to treat my illness - there's no alternative.

5. Mark spent his first year at university partying and having fun. If he wants to get a diploma he has to up his game and study more.

一項(xiàng)由英國(guó)政府委托調(diào)研的報(bào)告結(jié)果顯示，如果人們?cè)俨恍袆?dòng)起來對(duì)抗“超級(jí)病菌”的話，那么到 2050 年，平均每三秒鐘，超級(jí)病菌就會(huì)奪走一個(gè)人的生命。英國(guó)醫(yī)生建議人們減少抗生素的使用。接下來自學(xué)庫(kù)英語(yǔ)網(wǎng)與大家討論人類對(duì)越來越多的細(xì)菌產(chǎn)生抗藥性的擔(dān)憂。

課文內(nèi)容

詞匯: medicine 藥物

If you live in England and have a mild infection, don't ask your GP to recommend antibiotics. He'll probably say 'no' and give you something else. This is part of an initiative to put a stop to harmful infections becoming resistant to these drugs.

Recent figures from the NHS have shown that the number of prescriptions for all types of antibiotics were down by 7.3% on the previous year to about 34 million in 2024 and 2024, which is considered a success by the authorities.

Peter Taylor, Professor of Microbiology, UCL School of Pharmacy, says that antibiotics are probably "the safest and most effective drugs ever produced, but they have an Achilles heel - every time we use an antibiotic it alters the levels of bacteria out there in the environment and engenders resistance in a way that is very similar to Darwinian natural selection".

The power of these substances was discovered by Alexander Fleming in 1928 almost by chance. The Scottish bacteriologist returned to his laboratory after a holiday to find a bacteria-free circle around a growth of mould on a Petri dish. It gave us our first antibiotic: penicillin.

The availability of these drugs revolutionised the treatment of infections. In the past STIs spread by bacteria were often incurable and deadly. Today all it takes to treat them is a trip to the clinic and a course of antibiotics. Childbirth was very dangerous and routinely ended in death for both mother and baby. Now the risk of a woman dying in England and Wales during labouris between 40 and 50 times lower than 60 years ago.

Bacteria will continue to evolve to seek survival and we have to up our game. There hasn't been a new class of antibiotics since the 1980s and pharmaceutical companies are looking into a wide-range of alternatives – from compound from insects to nanotechnology - to develop new weapons in the continuous war against superbugs.

詞匯表

infection 感染

GP (general practitioner) 全科醫(yī)生，普通醫(yī)師

antibiotics 抗生素

NHS (National Health Service) 全民醫(yī)療服務(wù)制度

prescription 處方，藥方

microbiology 微生物學(xué)

pharmacy 藥店，(此處指)藥劑學(xué)

Achilles heel 致命弱點(diǎn)，致命傷

Darwinian natural selection 達(dá)爾文的自然選擇(學(xué)說)

bacteriologist 細(xì)菌學(xué)家

mould 霉，霉菌

Petri dish 皮氏培養(yǎng)皿

penicillin 盤尼西林，青霉素

STI (sexually-transmitted infections) 性傳播疾病

incurable 無法治愈的

labour 分娩

pharmaceutical 制藥的

nanotechnology 納米技術(shù)

superbug 超級(jí)病菌

測(cè)驗(yàn)與練習(xí)

1. 閱讀課文并回答問題。

1. Why won't doctors give you antibiotics if your illness is not very serious?

2. How does Professor Peter Taylor describe the weakness in antibiotics?

3. True or false? Alexander Fleming expected the fungus to kill bacteria when he returned to his laboratory.

4. How much safer has childbirth become in the last few decades?

5. Which two words in the text include prefixes meaning "very small"?

2. 請(qǐng)你在不參考課文的情況下完成下列練習(xí)。選擇一個(gè)意思合適的單詞填入句子的空格處 。

1. My brother is going to university. He wants to study __________.

bacteriologist pharmaceutical pharmacy a course of antibiotics

2. I've got a bad rash on my elbow. The doctor will give me a __________ for a very effective ointment.

antibiotic Petri dish mould prescription

3. In the past it was very difficult to cure __________.

childbirth penicillin STIs labour

4. The doctor told me he has to operate on me tomorrow. That's the only way to treat my illness - there's no __________.

availability Achilles heel resistance alternative

5. Mark spent his first year at university partying and having fun. If he wants to get a diploma he has to __________ and study more.

up his game be my game game up win the game

答案

1. 閱讀課文并回答問題。

1. Why won't doctors give you antibiotics if your illness is not very serious?

Because the constant use of antibiotics make bacteria develop a resistance to them.

2. How does Professor Peter Taylor describe the weakness in antibiotics?

He says they have an "Achilles heel".

3. True or false? Alexander Fleming expected the fungus to kill bacteria when he returned to his laboratory.

False. He discovered the bacteria-killing power of the fungus by chance.

4. How much safer has childbirth become in the last few decades?

The risk of a woman dying in England and Wales during childbirth is between 40 and 50 times lower than 60 years ago.

5.Which two words in the text include prefixes meaning "very small"?

MICRObiologist, NANOtechnology.

2. 請(qǐng)你在不參考課文的情況下完成下列練習(xí)。選擇一個(gè)意思合適的單詞填入句子的空格處 。

1. My brother is going to university. He wants to study pharmacy.

2. I've got a bad rash on my elbow. The doctor will give me a prescription for a very effective ointment.

3. In the past it was very difficult to cure STIs.

4. The doctor told me he has to operate on me tomorrow. That's the only way to treat my illness - there's no alternative.

5. Mark spent his first year at university partying and having fun. If he wants to get a diploma he has to up his game and study more.