專題五　定語從句

　　◆定語從句的考查要點

　　1．功能：相當(dāng)于形容詞，修飾名詞或代詞，在句中作定語。

　　2．位置：定語從句置于被修飾詞之后。

　　Those who are for the plan raise your hands，please.

　　3．先行詞：被定語從句修飾的詞稱為先行詞。

　　先行詞一般是名詞和不定代詞，如：some-，any-，every-和no-與-body，-thing的合成詞；或all，none，any，some，that，those等代詞。數(shù)詞也可以作先行詞，人稱代詞也同樣可作先行詞。

　　4．關(guān)系詞：連接先行詞與從句的詞叫關(guān)系詞。

　　關(guān)系代詞：who，whom，which，that，whose，as等

　　關(guān)系副詞：when，where，why等

　　5．確定關(guān)系詞的步驟：

　　(1)先找先行詞，看先行詞指的是什么。

　　(2)看關(guān)系詞在從句中所充當(dāng)?shù)某煞帧?/p>

　　注意：先行詞與關(guān)系詞是等量關(guān)系。

　　(1)先行詞在從句中作主語時，從句謂語動詞的數(shù)由先行詞而定。

　　This is the place which is worth visiting.

　　(2)關(guān)系詞在從句句子中充當(dāng)了成分，其意思就是先行詞的意義，所以在從句中不能重復(fù)其意。

　　There are many places we can visit (them) in China.

　　6．在定語從句中，當(dāng)先行詞指物時，下列情況的關(guān)系詞宜用that而不用which：

　　(1)當(dāng)先行詞是序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級或被序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級修飾時。

　　(2)先行詞被all，every，no，some，any，little，much，the only，the very，few等修飾時。

　　(3)先行詞為all，much，little，none，few，something，anything等不定代詞時。

　　(4)先行詞中既有人又有物時。

　　He was looking pleasantly at the children and parcels that filled his bus.

　　(5)先行詞在主句中作表語時。

　　The village is no longer the one that was 5 years ago.

　　(6)當(dāng)主句是以which開頭的特殊疑問句時。

　　Which are the books that you bought for me?

　　7．宜用which而不用that的情況：

　　(1)在非限制性定語從句中。

　　(2)在關(guān)系詞前有介詞時。

　　(3)當(dāng)先行詞本身是that時。

　　(4)關(guān)系詞后有插入語時。

　　8．關(guān)系詞who與that指人時，也有不同情況分別用不同的關(guān)系詞。

　　(1)當(dāng)主句是there be句型時，關(guān)系詞用who。

　　(2)先行詞是anyone，those，someone，everyone，one等詞時，關(guān)系詞用who。

　　(3)當(dāng)主句是who作疑問詞時，關(guān)系詞用that。

　　Who is that girl that is standing by the window?

　　(4)whom在從句中只作賓語，可被who取代。

　　9．whose作關(guān)系詞既指人又指物，在從句中作定語。

　　Do you know Mr.Smith whose story is very moving?

　　There is a room，whose window faces the river.

　　10．關(guān)系代詞as在從句中作主語、賓語和表語。

　　(1)先行詞被such和the same修飾，或句型as many(much)中，從句都用as 引導(dǎo)。

　　Such books as you bought are useful.

　　The school is just the same as it was 10 years ago.

　　注意：①such...that...引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句。如：They are such lovely children that we love them much。②the same...that...引導(dǎo)定語從句。如：I want to use the same tool that you used just now.

　　(2)無先行詞的定語從句用as和which引導(dǎo)。

　　區(qū)別：①意義上：as 含有“這點正如……一樣”。②位置上：as 從句可置句首，也可在另處。

　　He didn’t pass the exam，as we had expected.

　　There is lots of air in loose snow，which can keep the cold out.

　　As is known，the earth is round.

　　題組訓(xùn)練1

　　用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系代詞填空

　　1．The prize will go to the writer whose story shows the most imagination.

　　2．Ted came for the weekend wearing only some shorts and a T-shirt，which is a stupid thing to do in such weather.

　　3．I have three foreign teachers, two of whom are from Canada.

　　4．She showed the visitors around the museum，the construction of which had taken more than three years.

　　5．This is the only way that we can find at present.

　　6．The house in which I used to live has become a shoe shop.

　　11．關(guān)系副詞when與where，why，that

　　when 指時間＝in/at/on/during which

　　where指地點＝in/at/from which

　　why指原因＝for which

　　that可以用于表示時間、地點、方式、理由的名詞之后，取代when，where，why和“介詞＋which”引導(dǎo)的定語從句，修飾的先行詞常為the way，the time，the day，the place等，在口語中that常被省略。

　　I don’t like the way (that/in which) he talks.

　　This is the first time I have given you a lesson in French.

　　題組訓(xùn)練2

　　用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系副詞填空

　　1．Between the two parts of the concert is an interval，when the audience can buy ice-cream.

　　2．Whatever is left over may be put into the refrigerator，where it will keep for two or three weeks.

　　3．Can you work out a way(that/in_which)_we can solve this problem.

　　4．The days are gone when physical strength was all you needed to make a living.

　　5．I didn’t know the reason (why) he came late.

　　12．必須注意的問題：

　　(1)關(guān)系詞作主語時，從句中謂語的數(shù)。

　　(2)注意區(qū)別定語從句與強調(diào)句。

　　①定語從句中關(guān)系詞作從句成分，復(fù)合句。

　　②強調(diào)句中it無意義，that/who不是引導(dǎo)詞。

　　③去掉it is/was和that/who后，如果句子意思講得通則是強調(diào)句，講不通則不是。

　　It is the museum that/which we visited last year.(定語從句)

　　It was in the hotel that we stayed last night.(強調(diào)句)

　　(3)定語從句與同位語從句的區(qū)別。

　　①定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞被稱為關(guān)系詞，that充當(dāng)主語、賓語、表語，有時可省略。

　　②同位語從句的引導(dǎo)詞被叫作連接詞，that不充當(dāng)任何成分，不可省。

　　Word came that their army was defeated.(同位語從句)

　　We expressed to them our wish that was the same as theirs.(定語從句)

　　(4)關(guān)系詞在從句中省略的情況。

　　①關(guān)系詞作賓語，前無介詞時。

　　②關(guān)系詞作表語。

　　(5)關(guān)系詞前有介詞或復(fù)雜介詞，關(guān)系詞只能是which和whom。

　　(6)幾個特殊的定語從句句型：

　　①He is the only one of the students who has got very good marks in the match.(句中one為先行詞)

　　He is one of the students who have got good marks in the match.(句中students為先行詞)

　　②Is this place the one (that) we visited yesterday?

　　Is this the place (that/which) we visited yesterday?

　　③He stood at the window，from where he could see what was happening.

　　④It may rain，in which case the match will be put off.

　　◆語法與寫作

　　用定語從句翻譯下面的句子

　　1．我們學(xué)生應(yīng)該經(jīng)常和我們的父母交換意見，他們經(jīng)驗豐富，最重要的是，他們是世界上最愛我們的人。(2024·重慶·寫作一)

　　We_students_should_often_exchange_ideas_with_our_parents，who_are_rich_in_experience，and_above_all，love_us_most_in_the_world.

　　2．很抱歉我沒有立刻回復(fù)一周前你寄給我的電子郵件。(2024·山東·寫作)

　　I’m_sorry_I_couldn’t_reply_to_your_email_which_you_sent_me_a_week_ago_immediately.

　　3．總之，能夠在短時間內(nèi)贏得他們的友誼是我一生中感到最自豪的事。(2024·浙江·書面表達(dá))

　　In_a_word，being_able_to_win_their_friendship_in_a_very_short_time_is_the_thing_that_I_am_proud_of_most_in_my_life.

　　4．因此，那些做那些最不起眼工作的人應(yīng)該得到和工程師或教師一樣的尊重。(2024·廣東·讀寫任務(wù))

　　Consequently，those_who_do_those_most_insignificant_jobs_should_get_respect_as_muchas_those_being_engineers_or_teachers.

　　5．我讓他給你帶去你以前要的中國畫。(2024·新課標(biāo)全國Ⅰ·書面表達(dá))

　　I’ve_asked_him_to_bring_you_the_Chinese_painting_you’ve_asked_for_before.

　　◆語法填空

　　A

　　Many birds come to the Arctic in the summer to live and breed 1.but not all of them live here all year round.Snowy owls are some of the Arctic birds 2.that/which live here all year round.Snowy owls live on the tundra(苔原)．

　　They stay in the Arctic during the winter unless 3.their food sources are scarce.If they leave the Arctic in the winter they will overwinter in Northern Greenland，Canadian islands，Northern Eurasia，Wrangel Island as well as North America.

　　They 4.are called (call) snowy owls because their color is almost pure white when they are full-grown.The feet of snowy owls are covered 5.with feathers and have extra thick pads.

　　Snowy owls have incredible vision.They can see from high up in the sky and swoop down 6.silently (silent) to capture their prey.Like all owls they have 7.excellent (excellence) night vision，but in the Arctic 8.it doesn’t get dark in the summer so the owls hunt in the bright daylight.When the owl gets food it swallows it whole or tears it into large pieces 9.to swallow (swallow)．

　　The mother stays in the nest and the father brings her food and protects her.After the owlets(小貓頭鷹) are born，both parents work to feed 10.the/their young.

　　B

　　On October 6th,2011，a piece

　　of breaking news hit the whole world：Steve Jobs，the founder of the Apple Company，1.passed (pass) away.I as well as many people was sad at the news.We saw him make miracles again and again，and we hoped that he would always give us 2.a surprise.We enjoy using an iPod to listen to music and we like to play games with an iPad.We love to communicate with our friends by iPhone.3.It seemed that Jobs always knew what we really wanted.So he could devote himself to his career by creating the amazing products 4.constantly (constant)．But now，he quietly left 5.leaving (leave) us a great pity.

　　In 2003，when Jobs felt that the 6.traditional (tradition) CD industry would gradually lose its advantage，he decided to apply a brand new carrier called MP3 7.to his product.In order to make his assumption come true，he also made full use of his eloquence to persuade the music company to give him the copyright of selling products 8.which/that changed the whole music industry.From then on，people would not take a big bag to bring their favorite CDs，9.because/for/as/sincethey finally find a product that can feed their needs—that’s an iPod，which has some powerful functions that 10.others don’t have.

　　專題五　定語從句

　　◆定語從句的考查要點

　　1．功能：相當(dāng)于形容詞，修飾名詞或代詞，在句中作定語。

　　2．位置：定語從句置于被修飾詞之后。

　　Those who are for the plan raise your hands，please.

　　3．先行詞：被定語從句修飾的詞稱為先行詞。

　　先行詞一般是名詞和不定代詞，如：some-，any-，every-和no-與-body，-thing的合成詞；或all，none，any，some，that，those等代詞。數(shù)詞也可以作先行詞，人稱代詞也同樣可作先行詞。

　　4．關(guān)系詞：連接先行詞與從句的詞叫關(guān)系詞。

　　關(guān)系代詞：who，whom，which，that，whose，as等

　　關(guān)系副詞：when，where，why等

　　5．確定關(guān)系詞的步驟：

　　(1)先找先行詞，看先行詞指的是什么。

　　(2)看關(guān)系詞在從句中所充當(dāng)?shù)某煞帧?/p>

　　注意：先行詞與關(guān)系詞是等量關(guān)系。

　　(1)先行詞在從句中作主語時，從句謂語動詞的數(shù)由先行詞而定。

　　This is the place which is worth visiting.

　　(2)關(guān)系詞在從句句子中充當(dāng)了成分，其意思就是先行詞的意義，所以在從句中不能重復(fù)其意。

　　There are many places we can visit (them) in China.

　　6．在定語從句中，當(dāng)先行詞指物時，下列情況的關(guān)系詞宜用that而不用which：

　　(1)當(dāng)先行詞是序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級或被序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級修飾時。

　　(2)先行詞被all，every，no，some，any，little，much，the only，the very，few等修飾時。

　　(3)先行詞為all，much，little，none，few，something，anything等不定代詞時。

　　(4)先行詞中既有人又有物時。

　　He was looking pleasantly at the children and parcels that filled his bus.

　　(5)先行詞在主句中作表語時。

　　The village is no longer the one that was 5 years ago.

　　(6)當(dāng)主句是以which開頭的特殊疑問句時。

　　Which are the books that you bought for me?

　　7．宜用which而不用that的情況：

　　(1)在非限制性定語從句中。

　　(2)在關(guān)系詞前有介詞時。

　　(3)當(dāng)先行詞本身是that時。

　　(4)關(guān)系詞后有插入語時。

　　8．關(guān)系詞who與that指人時，也有不同情況分別用不同的關(guān)系詞。

　　(1)當(dāng)主句是there be句型時，關(guān)系詞用who。

　　(2)先行詞是anyone，those，someone，everyone，one等詞時，關(guān)系詞用who。

　　(3)當(dāng)主句是who作疑問詞時，關(guān)系詞用that。

　　Who is that girl that is standing by the window?

　　(4)whom在從句中只作賓語，可被who取代。

　　9．whose作關(guān)系詞既指人又指物，在從句中作定語。

　　Do you know Mr.Smith whose story is very moving?

　　There is a room，whose window faces the river.

　　10．關(guān)系代詞as在從句中作主語、賓語和表語。

　　(1)先行詞被such和the same修飾，或句型as many(much)中，從句都用as 引導(dǎo)。

　　Such books as you bought are useful.

　　The school is just the same as it was 10 years ago.

　　注意：①such...that...引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句。如：They are such lovely children that we love them much。②the same...that...引導(dǎo)定語從句。如：I want to use the same tool that you used just now.

　　(2)無先行詞的定語從句用as和which引導(dǎo)。

　　區(qū)別：①意義上：as 含有“這點正如……一樣”。②位置上：as 從句可置句首，也可在另處。

　　He didn’t pass the exam，as we had expected.

　　There is lots of air in loose snow，which can keep the cold out.

　　As is known，the earth is round.

　　題組訓(xùn)練1

　　用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系代詞填空

　　1．The prize will go to the writer whose story shows the most imagination.

　　2．Ted came for the weekend wearing only some shorts and a T-shirt，which is a stupid thing to do in such weather.

　　3．I have three foreign teachers, two of whom are from Canada.

　　4．She showed the visitors around the museum，the construction of which had taken more than three years.

　　5．This is the only way that we can find at present.

　　6．The house in which I used to live has become a shoe shop.

　　11．關(guān)系副詞when與where，why，that

　　when 指時間＝in/at/on/during which

　　where指地點＝in/at/from which

　　why指原因＝for which

　　that可以用于表示時間、地點、方式、理由的名詞之后，取代when，where，why和“介詞＋which”引導(dǎo)的定語從句，修飾的先行詞常為the way，the time，the day，the place等，在口語中that常被省略。

　　I don’t like the way (that/in which) he talks.

　　This is the first time I have given you a lesson in French.

　　題組訓(xùn)練2

　　用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系副詞填空

　　1．Between the two parts of the concert is an interval，when the audience can buy ice-cream.

　　2．Whatever is left over may be put into the refrigerator，where it will keep for two or three weeks.

　　3．Can you work out a way(that/in_which)_we can solve this problem.

　　4．The days are gone when physical strength was all you needed to make a living.

　　5．I didn’t know the reason (why) he came late.

　　12．必須注意的問題：

　　(1)關(guān)系詞作主語時，從句中謂語的數(shù)。

　　(2)注意區(qū)別定語從句與強調(diào)句。

　　①定語從句中關(guān)系詞作從句成分，復(fù)合句。

　　②強調(diào)句中it無意義，that/who不是引導(dǎo)詞。

　　③去掉it is/was和that/who后，如果句子意思講得通則是強調(diào)句，講不通則不是。

　　It is the museum that/which we visited last year.(定語從句)

　　It was in the hotel that we stayed last night.(強調(diào)句)

　　(3)定語從句與同位語從句的區(qū)別。

　　①定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞被稱為關(guān)系詞，that充當(dāng)主語、賓語、表語，有時可省略。

　　②同位語從句的引導(dǎo)詞被叫作連接詞，that不充當(dāng)任何成分，不可省。

　　Word came that their army was defeated.(同位語從句)

　　We expressed to them our wish that was the same as theirs.(定語從句)

　　(4)關(guān)系詞在從句中省略的情況。

　　①關(guān)系詞作賓語，前無介詞時。

　　②關(guān)系詞作表語。

　　(5)關(guān)系詞前有介詞或復(fù)雜介詞，關(guān)系詞只能是which和whom。

　　(6)幾個特殊的定語從句句型：

　　①He is the only one of the students who has got very good marks in the match.(句中one為先行詞)

　　He is one of the students who have got good marks in the match.(句中students為先行詞)

　　②Is this place the one (that) we visited yesterday?

　　Is this the place (that/which) we visited yesterday?

　　③He stood at the window，from where he could see what was happening.

　　④It may rain，in which case the match will be put off.

　　◆語法與寫作

　　用定語從句翻譯下面的句子

　　1．我們學(xué)生應(yīng)該經(jīng)常和我們的父母交換意見，他們經(jīng)驗豐富，最重要的是，他們是世界上最愛我們的人。(2024·重慶·寫作一)

　　We_students_should_often_exchange_ideas_with_our_parents，who_are_rich_in_experience，and_above_all，love_us_most_in_the_world.

　　2．很抱歉我沒有立刻回復(fù)一周前你寄給我的電子郵件。(2024·山東·寫作)

　　I’m_sorry_I_couldn’t_reply_to_your_email_which_you_sent_me_a_week_ago_immediately.

　　3．總之，能夠在短時間內(nèi)贏得他們的友誼是我一生中感到最自豪的事。(2024·浙江·書面表達(dá))

　　In_a_word，being_able_to_win_their_friendship_in_a_very_short_time_is_the_thing_that_I_am_proud_of_most_in_my_life.

　　4．因此，那些做那些最不起眼工作的人應(yīng)該得到和工程師或教師一樣的尊重。(2024·廣東·讀寫任務(wù))

　　Consequently，those_who_do_those_most_insignificant_jobs_should_get_respect_as_muchas_those_being_engineers_or_teachers.

　　5．我讓他給你帶去你以前要的中國畫。(2024·新課標(biāo)全國Ⅰ·書面表達(dá))

　　I’ve_asked_him_to_bring_you_the_Chinese_painting_you’ve_asked_for_before.

　　◆語法填空

　　A

　　Many birds come to the Arctic in the summer to live and breed 1.but not all of them live here all year round.Snowy owls are some of the Arctic birds 2.that/which live here all year round.Snowy owls live on the tundra(苔原)．

　　They stay in the Arctic during the winter unless 3.their food sources are scarce.If they leave the Arctic in the winter they will overwinter in Northern Greenland，Canadian islands，Northern Eurasia，Wrangel Island as well as North America.

　　They 4.are called (call) snowy owls because their color is almost pure white when they are full-grown.The feet of snowy owls are covered 5.with feathers and have extra thick pads.

　　Snowy owls have incredible vision.They can see from high up in the sky and swoop down 6.silently (silent) to capture their prey.Like all owls they have 7.excellent (excellence) night vision，but in the Arctic 8.it doesn’t get dark in the summer so the owls hunt in the bright daylight.When the owl gets food it swallows it whole or tears it into large pieces 9.to swallow (swallow)．

　　The mother stays in the nest and the father brings her food and protects her.After the owlets(小貓頭鷹) are born，both parents work to feed 10.the/their young.

　　B

　　On October 6th,2011，a piece

　　of breaking news hit the whole world：Steve Jobs，the founder of the Apple Company，1.passed (pass) away.I as well as many people was sad at the news.We saw him make miracles again and again，and we hoped that he would always give us 2.a surprise.We enjoy using an iPod to listen to music and we like to play games with an iPad.We love to communicate with our friends by iPhone.3.It seemed that Jobs always knew what we really wanted.So he could devote himself to his career by creating the amazing products 4.constantly (constant)．But now，he quietly left 5.leaving (leave) us a great pity.

　　In 2003，when Jobs felt that the 6.traditional (tradition) CD industry would gradually lose its advantage，he decided to apply a brand new carrier called MP3 7.to his product.In order to make his assumption come true，he also made full use of his eloquence to persuade the music company to give him the copyright of selling products 8.which/that changed the whole music industry.From then on，people would not take a big bag to bring their favorite CDs，9.because/for/as/sincethey finally find a product that can feed their needs—that’s an iPod，which has some powerful functions that 10.others don’t have.