高考英語語法點詳解：過去分詞的用法
高考英語語法點詳解：過去分詞的用法
過去分詞（Past Participle）屬于類動詞，是分詞的一種，其構成一般在動詞后面加-ed。過去分詞的用法有很多，可作定語、狀語、表語和賓語補足語。下面重點講解過去分詞各種用法。
一、過去分詞作定語
1.過去分詞作定語,作用相當于一個定語從句.如:
Whats the language spoken (= that is spoken)in that area?那個地區講的是什么語言?
Is there anything planned ( = that has been planned) for tonight?今晚安排了什么活動沒有?
2.過去分詞短語還可以作非限制性定語,作用相當于一個非限制性定語從句.如:
The book, written ( = which was written) in 1957, tells the struggle of the miners.這本書是1957年寫的,講的是關于礦工斗爭的故事.
3.單個過去分詞作定語常放在所修飾的名詞之前,也可放在其后.如:
Do you know the number of books ordered?訂了多少書,你知道嗎?
They decided to change the used material.他們決定改變所用材料.
4.過去分詞常表示動作發生的時間早于謂語動詞,或者沒有時間性,只表示被動關系.如:
The question discussed is very important.被討論過的問題是很重要的.(既表被動又表完成)
I dont like to see letters written in pencil.我不喜歡看用鉛筆寫的信.(沒有一定的時間性,只表被動)
5.注意過去分詞與其它非謂語形式作定語的區別:現在分詞(doing)作定語,表示一個主動的、正在進行的動作;現在分詞的被動語態(being done)表示一個被動的、正在進行的動作;不定式(to do)作定語表示一個將要發生的動作.如:
The meeting being held(which is being held) now is very important.正在召開的這個會議很重要.
The meeting held(which was held) yesterday is very important.昨天召開的會議很重要.
The meeting to be held(which will be held) tomorrow is very important.明天將要召開的會議很重要.
二、過去分詞作狀語
1.作原因狀語.
相當于as, since, because引導的從句,這類狀語多放在句子前半部分.如:
Given advice by the famous detective, the young lady was no longer afraid. (Since/ As she was given by the famous detective...)有了著名的偵探的指點,姑娘不再害怕了.
Frightened by the noise in the night, the girl didnt dare to sleep in her room. (Because she was frightened by the noise...)姑娘被夜里的響聲嚇壞了,不敢在自己的屋里睡覺了.
Written very well, the novel is worth reading.書寫工整的小說值得一看.
Done in a hurry, his homework was full of mistakes.他匆忙做的作業錯誤百出.
2.作時間狀語.
相當于when引導的狀語從句.如果兩個動作同時發生,可在分詞前用when, while等使其時間意義更明確.如:
When heated, water can be changed into steam.水加熱后可以變成蒸汽.
注意:作時間狀語時,過去分詞如果同時表被動和動作完成,常可換用現在分詞的被動完成式;過去分詞如果只表被動,不表完成,則不可與現在分詞的被動完成式換用.如:
Discussed(Having been discussed) many times, the problems were settled at last.在討論了多次之后,問題終于解決了.(過去分詞既表被動又表完成)
Seen from the hill, the park looks very beautiful.從山上看這個公園非常漂亮.(過去分詞只表被動)
3.作條件和假設狀語.
相當于if, unless引導的從句.如:
Given more attention(If they had been given more attention), the cabbages could have grown better.如果再精心一些,這些大白菜還可以長得更好.
Compared with you, we still have a long way to go.和你相比,我們還有很大的差距.
4.作方式或伴隨情況狀語.
The hunter left his house , followed by his dog.獵人離開了屋子,后面跟著他的狗.
She sat by the window, lost in thought.她坐在窗前,陷于沉思.
作狀語表示方式或伴隨情況時,過去分詞可用并列句代替.如:
The hunter left his house, followed by his dog. (= He was followed by the dog. )
5.用分詞短語作狀語時,它邏輯上的主語要與句子的主語保持一致,否則分詞短語就要有自己的邏輯主語(用名詞或代詞的主格來表示).這種結構稱為獨立主格結構.
All our savings gone,we started looking for jobs.積蓄全部用完了,我們就開始找工作.(All our savings gone是過去分詞的獨立主格結構)
He rushed into the room, his face covered with sweat.他滿臉是汗沖進屋內.(his face covered with sweat是過去分詞的獨立主格結構)
三、過去分詞做表語
作表語的過去分詞主要來自及物動詞,在主-系-表句型中, 總是在連系動詞如：be, appear, feel, remain, seem, look等之后，說明主語所處的一種狀態。you seem frightened. the children looked puzzled.
少數不及物動詞(如go, come, set)的過去分詞也能作表語,但它們不表示被動意義,只是表示動作完成。they are gone for vacation.
注意與be連用時，要注意區分是系表結構還是被動語態。作表語的過去分詞表示狀態，而被動語態中的過去分詞表示動作。
the glass is broken. the glass was broken by tom.
說明:作表語用的過去分詞表示主語的特點或所處的狀態,強調主謂關系。這種結構中的過去分詞前可加quite, very, rather等修飾詞。系動詞可有多種,表示不同的意義;被動語態表示動作,強調動賓關系,絕大多數被動結構中的行為執行者還可以用by短語來表示。
四、過去分詞作賓補的用法
過去分詞作賓補時，過去分詞所表示的動作一定和賓語有邏輯上的動賓關系。過去分詞作賓補表示被動關系，其動作先于謂語動作。
能夠接過去分詞作賓補的動詞有以下三類：
表示感覺或心理狀態的動詞。如：see, watch, observe, look at, hear, listen to, feel, notice, think等。i heard the song sung in english.
he found his hometown greatly changed.
表示致使意義的動詞。如：have, make, get, keep, leave等。
ill have my hair cut tomorrow. he got his tooth pulled out yesterday.
3. 表示希望、要求意義的動詞。如：like, order, want, wish等。i would like this matter settled at once.
i wish my homework finished before five oclock.
注意：1. 使役動詞have接過去分詞作賓補有兩種情況。
第一，過去分詞所表示的動作由他人完成。如：he had his money stolen.
第二，過去分詞所表示的動作由句中的主語所經歷。
he had his leg broken.
過去分詞在原句中作賓補時，如果原句變為被動語態，那么過去分詞就在新句中作主補了。如：the big fire is reported controlled.
the meeting room was found thoroughly cleaned and everything arranged in good order.
高考英語語法點詳解：過去分詞的用法
過去分詞（Past Participle）屬于類動詞，是分詞的一種，其構成一般在動詞后面加-ed。過去分詞的用法有很多，可作定語、狀語、表語和賓語補足語。下面重點講解過去分詞各種用法。
一、過去分詞作定語
1.過去分詞作定語,作用相當于一個定語從句.如:
Whats the language spoken (= that is spoken)in that area?那個地區講的是什么語言?
Is there anything planned ( = that has been planned) for tonight?今晚安排了什么活動沒有?
2.過去分詞短語還可以作非限制性定語,作用相當于一個非限制性定語從句.如:
The book, written ( = which was written) in 1957, tells the struggle of the miners.這本書是1957年寫的,講的是關于礦工斗爭的故事.
3.單個過去分詞作定語常放在所修飾的名詞之前,也可放在其后.如:
Do you know the number of books ordered?訂了多少書,你知道嗎?
They decided to change the used material.他們決定改變所用材料.
4.過去分詞常表示動作發生的時間早于謂語動詞,或者沒有時間性,只表示被動關系.如:
The question discussed is very important.被討論過的問題是很重要的.(既表被動又表完成)
I dont like to see letters written in pencil.我不喜歡看用鉛筆寫的信.(沒有一定的時間性,只表被動)
5.注意過去分詞與其它非謂語形式作定語的區別:現在分詞(doing)作定語,表示一個主動的、正在進行的動作;現在分詞的被動語態(being done)表示一個被動的、正在進行的動作;不定式(to do)作定語表示一個將要發生的動作.如:
The meeting being held(which is being held) now is very important.正在召開的這個會議很重要.
The meeting held(which was held) yesterday is very important.昨天召開的會議很重要.
The meeting to be held(which will be held) tomorrow is very important.明天將要召開的會議很重要.
二、過去分詞作狀語
1.作原因狀語.
相當于as, since, because引導的從句,這類狀語多放在句子前半部分.如:
Given advice by the famous detective, the young lady was no longer afraid. (Since/ As she was given by the famous detective...)有了著名的偵探的指點,姑娘不再害怕了.
Frightened by the noise in the night, the girl didnt dare to sleep in her room. (Because she was frightened by the noise...)姑娘被夜里的響聲嚇壞了,不敢在自己的屋里睡覺了.
Written very well, the novel is worth reading.書寫工整的小說值得一看.
Done in a hurry, his homework was full of mistakes.他匆忙做的作業錯誤百出.
2.作時間狀語.
相當于when引導的狀語從句.如果兩個動作同時發生,可在分詞前用when, while等使其時間意義更明確.如:
When heated, water can be changed into steam.水加熱后可以變成蒸汽.
注意:作時間狀語時,過去分詞如果同時表被動和動作完成,常可換用現在分詞的被動完成式;過去分詞如果只表被動,不表完成,則不可與現在分詞的被動完成式換用.如:
Discussed(Having been discussed) many times, the problems were settled at last.在討論了多次之后,問題終于解決了.(過去分詞既表被動又表完成)
Seen from the hill, the park looks very beautiful.從山上看這個公園非常漂亮.(過去分詞只表被動)
3.作條件和假設狀語.
相當于if, unless引導的從句.如:
Given more attention(If they had been given more attention), the cabbages could have grown better.如果再精心一些,這些大白菜還可以長得更好.
Compared with you, we still have a long way to go.和你相比,我們還有很大的差距.
4.作方式或伴隨情況狀語.
The hunter left his house , followed by his dog.獵人離開了屋子,后面跟著他的狗.
She sat by the window, lost in thought.她坐在窗前,陷于沉思.
作狀語表示方式或伴隨情況時,過去分詞可用并列句代替.如:
The hunter left his house, followed by his dog. (= He was followed by the dog. )
5.用分詞短語作狀語時,它邏輯上的主語要與句子的主語保持一致,否則分詞短語就要有自己的邏輯主語(用名詞或代詞的主格來表示).這種結構稱為獨立主格結構.
All our savings gone,we started looking for jobs.積蓄全部用完了,我們就開始找工作.(All our savings gone是過去分詞的獨立主格結構)
He rushed into the room, his face covered with sweat.他滿臉是汗沖進屋內.(his face covered with sweat是過去分詞的獨立主格結構)
三、過去分詞做表語
作表語的過去分詞主要來自及物動詞,在主-系-表句型中, 總是在連系動詞如：be, appear, feel, remain, seem, look等之后，說明主語所處的一種狀態。you seem frightened. the children looked puzzled.
少數不及物動詞(如go, come, set)的過去分詞也能作表語,但它們不表示被動意義,只是表示動作完成。they are gone for vacation.
注意與be連用時，要注意區分是系表結構還是被動語態。作表語的過去分詞表示狀態，而被動語態中的過去分詞表示動作。
the glass is broken. the glass was broken by tom.
說明:作表語用的過去分詞表示主語的特點或所處的狀態,強調主謂關系。這種結構中的過去分詞前可加quite, very, rather等修飾詞。系動詞可有多種,表示不同的意義;被動語態表示動作,強調動賓關系,絕大多數被動結構中的行為執行者還可以用by短語來表示。
四、過去分詞作賓補的用法
過去分詞作賓補時，過去分詞所表示的動作一定和賓語有邏輯上的動賓關系。過去分詞作賓補表示被動關系，其動作先于謂語動作。
能夠接過去分詞作賓補的動詞有以下三類：
表示感覺或心理狀態的動詞。如：see, watch, observe, look at, hear, listen to, feel, notice, think等。i heard the song sung in english.
he found his hometown greatly changed.
表示致使意義的動詞。如：have, make, get, keep, leave等。
ill have my hair cut tomorrow. he got his tooth pulled out yesterday.
3. 表示希望、要求意義的動詞。如：like, order, want, wish等。i would like this matter settled at once.
i wish my homework finished before five oclock.
注意：1. 使役動詞have接過去分詞作賓補有兩種情況。
第一，過去分詞所表示的動作由他人完成。如：he had his money stolen.
第二，過去分詞所表示的動作由句中的主語所經歷。
he had his leg broken.
過去分詞在原句中作賓補時，如果原句變為被動語態，那么過去分詞就在新句中作主補了。如：the big fire is reported controlled.
the meeting room was found thoroughly cleaned and everything arranged in good order.
