備戰高考：高中英語語法解析 非謂語動詞
一、概念
分詞作主語補足語和賓語補足語其實是同一成分用于兩種不同的句式中。具體地說，主動態句子中的賓語補足語就是被動態句子中的主語補足語。先了解賓語補足語，則很容易了解主語補足語。
賓語補足語：在英語(論壇)中，某些及物動詞不僅需要賓語，而且還要求某個詞或詞組來補充說明賓語，即表示賓語代表的人或物所發出的動作或所處的狀態，這個詞或短語稱為賓語補足語。有些語法書把賓語和補足語稱為復合賓語。
句型：及物動詞+賓語（n./pron.）+ 賓語補足語（n./ adj./ adv./ to do/ -ing/ -ed/ 介詞短語 共7種表示法）
該句型若變成被動語態，即將賓語提到句首作主語，原主動語態中的賓語補足語此時在被動語態中起到補充說明主語的作用，所以改稱主語補足語。例如：
A cook will be immediately fired if he is found smoking in the kitchen.（2003年全國卷）
此句中 smoking 是主語 he的補足語，所以稱為主語補足語。
A cook will be immediately fired if someone finds him smoking in the kitchen.
此句中 smoking 是賓語 him 的補足語，所以稱為賓語補足語。
二、何時用現在分詞、何時用過去分詞作主語（賓語）補足語
分詞作主語（賓語）補足語時，若主語（賓語）與分詞之間是主動關系，則用現在分詞表示主動；如果主語（賓語）與分詞之間是被動關系，則用過去分詞表示被動。例如：
He was heard singing in the next room.
He was singing. 主語 he 與補足語唱歌之間是主動關系, 故用現在分詞 singing。
One of the glasses was found broken.
One of the glasses was broken. 主語 one of the glasses 與補足語打破之間是被動關系, 故用過去分詞 broken。
Dont leave the water running while you brush your teeth.（2004年天津卷）
The water is running. 賓語 the water 與補足語淌之間是主動關系，故用現在分詞 running。
三、可以用分詞作主語或賓語補足語的動詞
要會使用分詞作補足語，必須記住哪些動詞可以接分詞充當補足語。
1. 感官動詞 feel，hear，listen to，see，watch，notice，observe，look at（一感二聽五看）及 find 等既可以接現在分詞又可以接過去分詞充當補足語。如：
If you wave your book in front of your face, you can feel the air moving against your face.
The air can be felt moving against your face, if you wave your book in front of your face.
The next morning she found the man lying in bed, dead.
The next morning the man was found lying in bed, dead.
2．表示致使動詞 get，have，leave 等既可以接現在分詞又可以接過去分詞充當補足語。
--Good morning. Can I help you?
--Id like to have the package weighed, madam.（MET89）
3. 表示意欲；命令的動詞如 like，want，wish，order等常接過去分詞充當補足語。如：
You must tell us exactly what you would like done. 你必須準確地告訴我們該做什么。
The father wants his daughter taught the piano. 這位父親想讓女兒學鋼琴。
I wish it done quickly. 我希望很快將此事做完。
注意：set，start，catch 常跟現在分詞作賓語補足語，make 常跟過去分詞作賓語補足語。如：
set sb. thinking, start sb. coughing,
He looked around and caught a man putting his hand into the pocket of a passenger.（2004年北京春季卷）
The speaker raised his voice but still couldnt make himself heard. （NMET91）
典例精析：
1. I smell something ___________ in the kitchen. Can I call you back in a minute? （2007全國I）
A. burning B. burnt C. being burnt D. to be burnt
答案：A。
解析：smell something burning聞著什么東西在燃燒而發出糊味強調這個動作正在進行。burning 作賓語補足語。something burnt 燒焦了的東西表示一種狀態。所以選 A。
2. After a knock at the door, the child heard his mothers voice ______ him. (2007年上海卷)
A. calling B. called C. being called D. to call
答案：A。
解析：hear sb. doing sth. 意為聽到某人在做某事。動詞+ing表示主動，the child heard his mothers voice calling him表示孩子聽見他母親喊他。hear sth. done 表示聽見某事被做了。所以選 A。
3. Jenny hopes that Mr. Smith will suggest a good way to have her written English _____ in a short period. （2007年福建卷）
A. improved B. improving C. to improve D. improve
答案：A。
解析：have sth. done 表示使某事被做，have her written English improved 使她的書面英語得到提高。動詞+ed 形式作賓語補足語表示被動。have sb. doing sth. 意為使某人一直在做某事表主動。have sb. do sth. 意為使某人做某事表主動，do 前必須省略 to。所以選 A。
4. -- Did Peter fix the computer himself?
-- He ______, because he doesnt know much about computers. (2007安徽)
A. has it fixed B. had fixed it C. had it fixed D. fixed it
答案：C。
解析：have sth. done 表示使某事被做或請別人做某事，動詞+ed 形式作賓語補足語表示被動。由 because he doesnt know much about computers 可判斷出，他找別人維修了電腦。所以選 C。
一、概念
分詞作主語補足語和賓語補足語其實是同一成分用于兩種不同的句式中。具體地說，主動態句子中的賓語補足語就是被動態句子中的主語補足語。先了解賓語補足語，則很容易了解主語補足語。
賓語補足語：在英語(論壇)中，某些及物動詞不僅需要賓語，而且還要求某個詞或詞組來補充說明賓語，即表示賓語代表的人或物所發出的動作或所處的狀態，這個詞或短語稱為賓語補足語。有些語法書把賓語和補足語稱為復合賓語。
句型：及物動詞+賓語（n./pron.）+ 賓語補足語（n./ adj./ adv./ to do/ -ing/ -ed/ 介詞短語 共7種表示法）
該句型若變成被動語態，即將賓語提到句首作主語，原主動語態中的賓語補足語此時在被動語態中起到補充說明主語的作用，所以改稱主語補足語。例如：
A cook will be immediately fired if he is found smoking in the kitchen.（2003年全國卷）
此句中 smoking 是主語 he的補足語，所以稱為主語補足語。
A cook will be immediately fired if someone finds him smoking in the kitchen.
此句中 smoking 是賓語 him 的補足語，所以稱為賓語補足語。
二、何時用現在分詞、何時用過去分詞作主語（賓語）補足語
分詞作主語（賓語）補足語時，若主語（賓語）與分詞之間是主動關系，則用現在分詞表示主動；如果主語（賓語）與分詞之間是被動關系，則用過去分詞表示被動。例如：
He was heard singing in the next room.
He was singing. 主語 he 與補足語唱歌之間是主動關系, 故用現在分詞 singing。
One of the glasses was found broken.
One of the glasses was broken. 主語 one of the glasses 與補足語打破之間是被動關系, 故用過去分詞 broken。
Dont leave the water running while you brush your teeth.（2004年天津卷）
The water is running. 賓語 the water 與補足語淌之間是主動關系，故用現在分詞 running。
三、可以用分詞作主語或賓語補足語的動詞
要會使用分詞作補足語，必須記住哪些動詞可以接分詞充當補足語。
1. 感官動詞 feel，hear，listen to，see，watch，notice，observe，look at（一感二聽五看）及 find 等既可以接現在分詞又可以接過去分詞充當補足語。如：
If you wave your book in front of your face, you can feel the air moving against your face.
The air can be felt moving against your face, if you wave your book in front of your face.
The next morning she found the man lying in bed, dead.
The next morning the man was found lying in bed, dead.
2．表示致使動詞 get，have，leave 等既可以接現在分詞又可以接過去分詞充當補足語。
--Good morning. Can I help you?
--Id like to have the package weighed, madam.（MET89）
3. 表示意欲；命令的動詞如 like，want，wish，order等常接過去分詞充當補足語。如：
You must tell us exactly what you would like done. 你必須準確地告訴我們該做什么。
The father wants his daughter taught the piano. 這位父親想讓女兒學鋼琴。
I wish it done quickly. 我希望很快將此事做完。
注意：set，start，catch 常跟現在分詞作賓語補足語，make 常跟過去分詞作賓語補足語。如：
set sb. thinking, start sb. coughing,
He looked around and caught a man putting his hand into the pocket of a passenger.（2004年北京春季卷）
The speaker raised his voice but still couldnt make himself heard. （NMET91）
典例精析：
1. I smell something ___________ in the kitchen. Can I call you back in a minute? （2007全國I）
A. burning B. burnt C. being burnt D. to be burnt
答案：A。
解析：smell something burning聞著什么東西在燃燒而發出糊味強調這個動作正在進行。burning 作賓語補足語。something burnt 燒焦了的東西表示一種狀態。所以選 A。
2. After a knock at the door, the child heard his mothers voice ______ him. (2007年上海卷)
A. calling B. called C. being called D. to call
答案：A。
解析：hear sb. doing sth. 意為聽到某人在做某事。動詞+ing表示主動，the child heard his mothers voice calling him表示孩子聽見他母親喊他。hear sth. done 表示聽見某事被做了。所以選 A。
3. Jenny hopes that Mr. Smith will suggest a good way to have her written English _____ in a short period. （2007年福建卷）
A. improved B. improving C. to improve D. improve
答案：A。
解析：have sth. done 表示使某事被做，have her written English improved 使她的書面英語得到提高。動詞+ed 形式作賓語補足語表示被動。have sb. doing sth. 意為使某人一直在做某事表主動。have sb. do sth. 意為使某人做某事表主動，do 前必須省略 to。所以選 A。
4. -- Did Peter fix the computer himself?
-- He ______, because he doesnt know much about computers. (2007安徽)
A. has it fixed B. had fixed it C. had it fixed D. fixed it
答案：C。
解析：have sth. done 表示使某事被做或請別人做某事，動詞+ed 形式作賓語補足語表示被動。由 because he doesnt know much about computers 可判斷出，他找別人維修了電腦。所以選 C。
