高中英語語法-書面表達(dá)中組詞成句的原則與訓(xùn)練
書面表達(dá)中組詞成句的原則與訓(xùn)練(二)
二、結(jié)構(gòu)完整
一個(gè)完整的句子是由至少包含一個(gè)主語和一個(gè)謂語的一組詞構(gòu)成的。結(jié)構(gòu)不完整的情形通常有下列一些：
1、 錯(cuò)誤省略
用詞簡(jiǎn)潔是句子寫作的一個(gè)基本原則，但是省略也得遵循一定的規(guī)則，不可隨意省掉一些屬于固定搭配或有助于理解句意的詞。例：
錯(cuò)誤：Youd better do it as were told.
正確：Youd better do it as told to.
原句中as從句系一個(gè)省略結(jié)構(gòu)，補(bǔ)全后為as you were told to do it，這一結(jié)構(gòu)的主謂部分在省略時(shí)應(yīng)該主語和謂語同時(shí)省略，后面不定式若要省略必須保留不定式符號(hào)to。
2、斷句
句子結(jié)構(gòu)不完整，寫出的句子常常只是一個(gè)不能獨(dú)立存在的短語或從句。
斷句：How we should cut off the electricity.
完整句：How should we cut off the electricity？
完整句：This is how we should cut off the electricity.
3、連寫句
當(dāng)兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的獨(dú)立句子被錯(cuò)誤地用逗號(hào)隔開或根本就沒有標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)相連時(shí)，就形成了連寫句。例如：
She cleaned the room, her mother prepared the supper.
改正這種句子可以根據(jù)句意采用以下四種方法中的一種或多種：
⑴中間用句號(hào)使各個(gè)句子獨(dú)立。She cleaned the room. Her mother prepared the supper.
⑵如果兩個(gè)句子意思聯(lián)系緊密，也可用分號(hào)分開，分號(hào)后的句子以小寫字母開頭。She cleaned the room; her mother prepared the supper.
⑶兩個(gè)句子若同等重要，可用并列連詞and, but, for等連成并列句。并列連詞前可以加上逗號(hào)，也可不加。She cleaned the room, and her mother prepared the supper.
⑷如果兩個(gè)句子有一個(gè)比另一個(gè)地位更重要，則可以將次要的那個(gè)句子改為從句。When she cleaned the room, her mother prepared the supper.
值得一提的是however, therefore（因此），besides（再說）, now, then等連接性副詞不能像and, but, for等連詞那樣單獨(dú)連接兩個(gè)完整的句子，必須借助于句號(hào)、逗號(hào)或分號(hào)來使句子完整。例如：
He said the story happened in Japan;however, he was wrong.
有的句子從語法結(jié)構(gòu)上看是完整的，但從意義上說卻是不完整的，如Guangzhou is one of the biggest cities. 這一句就最好加一個(gè)in China這樣的狀語來限定其范圍。
句意不完整的另一種現(xiàn)象是一個(gè)主次分明的句子有了兩個(gè)以上的中心。例如：I was walking in the park this afternoon, and saw a tiger.改正的方法主要是將其中的次要部分改為從句、修飾語或同位語。該句可以改為When I was walking in the park this afternoon, I saw a tiger.
練習(xí)：將下列句子改為結(jié)構(gòu)完整或意義完整的句子。
1. While I was traveling in a city that I had never visited.
2. I like Mary as much as Jane.
3. Will you come to the party, too? Id like, but I must finish my homework first.
4. The hall is different from all other buildings, it is made of glass.
5. This is the best film.
參考答案：
1.改為I was traveling in a city that I had never visited.
原句主干部分是一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語從句，后面的that從句是作為定語修飾city的，故原句是一個(gè)殘缺句。
2.改為I like Mary as much as I like Jane. 或I like Mary as much as Jane does.
在含有比較結(jié)構(gòu)的主從句中，若主句的謂語動(dòng)詞是及物動(dòng)詞，從句中要注意將意思交待清楚，不能隨意省略。
3.原句在Id like后省略了動(dòng)詞不定式，但按規(guī)則不定式符號(hào)to應(yīng)予保留。
4.改為Being made of glass, the hall is different from all other buildings.
原句是一個(gè)連寫句，兩個(gè)獨(dú)立的句子之間必須用句號(hào)或分號(hào)隔開，或者加上合適的連詞，也可將其中一個(gè)意思次要的句子改為從句或修飾性短語。
5. 改為This is the best film that Ive ever seen.
原句意義不完整，需要加上修飾語來限定其范圍。
書面表達(dá)中組詞成句的原則與訓(xùn)練(二)
二、結(jié)構(gòu)完整
一個(gè)完整的句子是由至少包含一個(gè)主語和一個(gè)謂語的一組詞構(gòu)成的。結(jié)構(gòu)不完整的情形通常有下列一些：
1、 錯(cuò)誤省略
用詞簡(jiǎn)潔是句子寫作的一個(gè)基本原則，但是省略也得遵循一定的規(guī)則，不可隨意省掉一些屬于固定搭配或有助于理解句意的詞。例：
錯(cuò)誤：Youd better do it as were told.
正確：Youd better do it as told to.
原句中as從句系一個(gè)省略結(jié)構(gòu)，補(bǔ)全后為as you were told to do it，這一結(jié)構(gòu)的主謂部分在省略時(shí)應(yīng)該主語和謂語同時(shí)省略，后面不定式若要省略必須保留不定式符號(hào)to。
2、斷句
句子結(jié)構(gòu)不完整，寫出的句子常常只是一個(gè)不能獨(dú)立存在的短語或從句。
斷句：How we should cut off the electricity.
完整句：How should we cut off the electricity？
完整句：This is how we should cut off the electricity.
3、連寫句
當(dāng)兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的獨(dú)立句子被錯(cuò)誤地用逗號(hào)隔開或根本就沒有標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)相連時(shí)，就形成了連寫句。例如：
She cleaned the room, her mother prepared the supper.
改正這種句子可以根據(jù)句意采用以下四種方法中的一種或多種：
⑴中間用句號(hào)使各個(gè)句子獨(dú)立。She cleaned the room. Her mother prepared the supper.
⑵如果兩個(gè)句子意思聯(lián)系緊密，也可用分號(hào)分開，分號(hào)后的句子以小寫字母開頭。She cleaned the room; her mother prepared the supper.
⑶兩個(gè)句子若同等重要，可用并列連詞and, but, for等連成并列句。并列連詞前可以加上逗號(hào)，也可不加。She cleaned the room, and her mother prepared the supper.
⑷如果兩個(gè)句子有一個(gè)比另一個(gè)地位更重要，則可以將次要的那個(gè)句子改為從句。When she cleaned the room, her mother prepared the supper.
值得一提的是however, therefore（因此），besides（再說）, now, then等連接性副詞不能像and, but, for等連詞那樣單獨(dú)連接兩個(gè)完整的句子，必須借助于句號(hào)、逗號(hào)或分號(hào)來使句子完整。例如：
He said the story happened in Japan;however, he was wrong.
有的句子從語法結(jié)構(gòu)上看是完整的，但從意義上說卻是不完整的，如Guangzhou is one of the biggest cities. 這一句就最好加一個(gè)in China這樣的狀語來限定其范圍。
句意不完整的另一種現(xiàn)象是一個(gè)主次分明的句子有了兩個(gè)以上的中心。例如：I was walking in the park this afternoon, and saw a tiger.改正的方法主要是將其中的次要部分改為從句、修飾語或同位語。該句可以改為When I was walking in the park this afternoon, I saw a tiger.
練習(xí)：將下列句子改為結(jié)構(gòu)完整或意義完整的句子。
1. While I was traveling in a city that I had never visited.
2. I like Mary as much as Jane.
3. Will you come to the party, too? Id like, but I must finish my homework first.
4. The hall is different from all other buildings, it is made of glass.
5. This is the best film.
參考答案：
1.改為I was traveling in a city that I had never visited.
原句主干部分是一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語從句，后面的that從句是作為定語修飾city的，故原句是一個(gè)殘缺句。
2.改為I like Mary as much as I like Jane. 或I like Mary as much as Jane does.
在含有比較結(jié)構(gòu)的主從句中，若主句的謂語動(dòng)詞是及物動(dòng)詞，從句中要注意將意思交待清楚，不能隨意省略。
3.原句在Id like后省略了動(dòng)詞不定式，但按規(guī)則不定式符號(hào)to應(yīng)予保留。
4.改為Being made of glass, the hall is different from all other buildings.
原句是一個(gè)連寫句，兩個(gè)獨(dú)立的句子之間必須用句號(hào)或分號(hào)隔開，或者加上合適的連詞，也可將其中一個(gè)意思次要的句子改為從句或修飾性短語。
5. 改為This is the best film that Ive ever seen.
原句意義不完整，需要加上修飾語來限定其范圍。
