高考英語總復(fù)習(xí)語法專項 謂語動詞

　　2009-03-18 11:49 來源：互聯(lián)網(wǎng) 作者：佚名 [打印] [評論]

　　總述: 謂語動詞的變化形式取決于時態(tài)和語態(tài): 英語的時態(tài)有十六種, 中學(xué)英語中有十二種常見的時態(tài); 語態(tài)有兩種, 即主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)

　　1.在主動語態(tài)中, 各種時態(tài)的謂語動詞的一般形式如下:

　　一般進行完成完成進行

　　現(xiàn)在do / doesam / is / are doinghave / has donehave / has been doing

　　過去didwas / were doinghad donehad been doing

　　將來shall / will doshall / will be doingshall / will have doneX

　　如果謂語是be動詞, 則可用be動詞的適當(dāng)形式( be / am / is / are / was / were / been)代替以上表格中的黑體字部分. 此外, 過去將來時的形式是: should / would do或should / would be

　　2.在被動語態(tài)中, 各種時態(tài)的謂語動詞的一般形式如下:

　　一般進行完成完成進行

　　現(xiàn)在am / is / are doneam / is / are being donehave / has been doneX

　　過去was / were donewas / were being donehad been doneX

　　將來shall / will be doneXshall / will have been doneX

　　另外, 過去將來時的被動語態(tài)形式是should / would be done

　　主動語態(tài)

　　在主動語態(tài)中, 高中英語中常見的有十二個時態(tài)

　　一.一般現(xiàn)在時:

　　1.構(gòu)成: 通常以動詞原形表示. 主語為第三人稱單數(shù)時, 則用動詞的第三人稱單數(shù)形式來表示

　　2.用法:

　　①.表示現(xiàn)狀, 性質(zhì), 狀態(tài), 經(jīng)常的或習(xí)慣性的動作

　　a. It is fine today.

　　b. I am a student.

　　c. I get up at six every day.

　　d. My father never takes a bus; he walks to his office.

　　②.表示客觀事實或普遍真理

　　a. Japan is to the east of China.

　　b. The sun rises in the east.

　　c. A horse is a useful animal.

　　③.表示將來確定會發(fā)生的動作(如己安排好或計劃好的動作或按時刻表將來一定會發(fā)生的動作), 可以這樣使用的動詞有: go, come, leave, start, arrive等

　　a. My train leaves at 6:30.

　　b. The football match is played the day after tomorrow.

　　④.在時間和條件狀語從句中可用一般現(xiàn)在時動詞代替一般將來時動詞

　　a. I will let you know as soon as I hear from him.

　　b. We will go if it is fine tomorrow.

　　c. I will be away when he arrives.

　　d. We shall not begin the discussion until he arrives.

　　e. Mother, I wont go out unless you agree.

　　f. Dont try to run before you begin to walk.

　　⑤.在某些以here / there開頭的句子中用一般現(xiàn)在時動詞表示現(xiàn)在正在發(fā)生的動作

　　a. Here comes the bus.=The bus is coming.

　　b. There goes the bell.

　　⑥.在體育比賽過程中, 解說員敘述迅速, 短暫動作時, 可用一般現(xiàn)在時, 表示正在進行的或剛剛發(fā)生的動作

　　a. Ma Lianbao passes the ball to Mu Tiezhu, Mu shoots a fine shot !

　　⑦.在劇本或圖片的說明文字中, 用一般現(xiàn)在時表示動作

　　a. When the curtain rises, Juliet is sitting at her desk. The phone rings. She picks it up and listens quietly.

　　二.現(xiàn)在進行時:

　　1.構(gòu)成: am / is / are doing

　　2.用法:

　　①.表示說話時正在進行著的動作, 或現(xiàn)階段正在進行而說話時不一定正在進行的動作

　　a. I am writing a letter.

　　b. My mother is making a dress these few days.

　　②.表示即將發(fā)生的動作(如在最近按計劃或安排好要進行的動作), 常見的有這種用法的動詞有: come /go / leave / start / arrive等, 常與表示將來時間的狀語連用

　　a. They are going to Shanghai on Friday.

　　b. John is coming here next week.

　　③.現(xiàn)在進行時動詞與always, continually, constantly等連用, 表示反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的或習(xí)慣性的動作

　　a. The little boy is always asking questions.

　　b. You are always saying that sort of thing.

　　④.在一定的上下文中, 前一句用一般現(xiàn)在時動詞表述現(xiàn)在發(fā)生的事實, 后一句用現(xiàn)在進行時動詞來闡述這一事實的原因, 結(jié)果, 目的等

　　a. He frowns. He is worrying about his boy.他皺著眉頭, 因為他在為他的孩子擔(dān)心. (is worrying表示原因)

　　b. She criticizes him. She is trying to correct his wrong habits. 她批評他, 想糾正他的壞習(xí)慣. (is trying表示目的)

　　c. She lets her child have his own way. She is spoiling him. 她不管她的孩子, 把他慣壞了. ( is spoiling表示結(jié)果)

　　⑤.不表示持續(xù)的行為, 而表示知覺, 感覺, 看法, 認(rèn)識, 感情, 愿望或某種狀態(tài)的動詞通常不用現(xiàn)在進行時, 如: see, hear, smell, taste, recognize, notice, forget, remember, understand, know, believe, suppose, mean, think, love, hate, care, like, dislike, worry, forgive, want, wish, hope, refuse, feel like, belong to , possess, own, have, be, seem等

　　三.現(xiàn)在完成時:

　　1.構(gòu)成: have / has done

　　2.用法:

　　①.表示動作在說話之前己經(jīng)完成, 而后果或影響至今仍存在

　　a. He has gone to Shanghai. ( =He went to Shanghai and he is not here now. )

　　b. I have opened the window. ( =I opened the window and the window is now open.)

　　c. The concert has started. ( =The concert started and is now going on. )

　　d. I have had breakfast. (=I had breakfast and I am not hungry now. )

　　②.表示開始于過去, 持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在(也許還會繼續(xù)進行下去)的動作或狀態(tài), 用于延續(xù)性動詞, 且句中常帶有表示段時間的時間狀語

　　a. I have studied English since 1987.

　　b. He has lived here for two years.

　　c. He has been ill for ten days.

　　3.現(xiàn)在完成時與一般過去時的區(qū)別:

　　①.現(xiàn)在完成時和一般過去時所表示的動作都發(fā)生在過去, 但前者將過去的動作與現(xiàn)在的結(jié)果或?qū)ΜF(xiàn)在的影響聯(lián)系起來, 而后者只限于表示過去的動作本身, 與現(xiàn)在無關(guān)

　　②.現(xiàn)在完成時不能與表明確時間的狀語如: yesterday, last year, two days ago, when I came in等連用, 但可與表示不明確時間的狀語如: already, yet, sometimes, often, before, lately, recently, once, twice, ever等連用, 也可以和包括現(xiàn)在在內(nèi)的時間狀語如: this morning, today, this week, this year等連用

　　a. She has already come.

　　b. I have met him before.

　　c. Ma Hong has always been a good student.

　　d. Have you ever been to the Great Wall ?

　　e. I have seen him this morning.

　　四.現(xiàn)在完成進行時:

　　1.構(gòu)成: have / has been doing

　　2.特征: 現(xiàn)在完成進行時兼有現(xiàn)在完成時和現(xiàn)在進行時兩者的特點

　　①.它具有現(xiàn)在完成時的特點, 即表示動作發(fā)生在過去, 延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在或?qū)ΜF(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生影響

　　②.它具有現(xiàn)在進行時的特點, 即可以表示此動作仍在進行或還會繼續(xù)

　　a. Mr. Smith has taught English for twenty years. ( 至今為止教過二十年英語, 至于teach是否結(jié)束或是否延續(xù), 不得而知)

　　b. Mr. Smith has been teaching English for twenty years.( 現(xiàn)在仍在教英語,而且將持續(xù)下去)

　　3.用法:

　　①.表示現(xiàn)在之前的一段時間里一直進行的動作, 此動可能仍在進行, 也可能剛剛停止

　　a. I have been reading the book all the morning.

　　b. He has been staying here for two hours.

　　c. I have been living in Beijing since 1972.

　　②.表示現(xiàn)在之前的一段時間里一再重復(fù)的動作

　　a. I have been calling you several times in the past two days.

　　4.現(xiàn)在完成時與現(xiàn)在完成進行時的區(qū)別: 前者著重表示過去動作對現(xiàn)在的影響或結(jié)果; 后者著重表示過去動作的持續(xù)進行

　　a. I have written six letters since I got back.我己經(jīng)寫了六封信 (強調(diào)結(jié)果)

　　b. I have been writing letter since I got back. 我回家后一直在寫信 (強調(diào)一直在寫)

　　c. I have read this book.我讀過這本書了(強調(diào)讀過這一結(jié)果)

　　d. I have been reading this book.我一直在讀這本書 (強調(diào)一直在讀)

　　高考英語總復(fù)習(xí)語法專項 謂語動詞

　　2009-03-18 11:49 來源：互聯(lián)網(wǎng) 作者：佚名 [打印] [評論]

　　總述: 謂語動詞的變化形式取決于時態(tài)和語態(tài): 英語的時態(tài)有十六種, 中學(xué)英語中有十二種常見的時態(tài); 語態(tài)有兩種, 即主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)

　　1.在主動語態(tài)中, 各種時態(tài)的謂語動詞的一般形式如下:

　　一般進行完成完成進行

　　現(xiàn)在do / doesam / is / are doinghave / has donehave / has been doing

　　過去didwas / were doinghad donehad been doing

　　將來shall / will doshall / will be doingshall / will have doneX

　　如果謂語是be動詞, 則可用be動詞的適當(dāng)形式( be / am / is / are / was / were / been)代替以上表格中的黑體字部分. 此外, 過去將來時的形式是: should / would do或should / would be

　　2.在被動語態(tài)中, 各種時態(tài)的謂語動詞的一般形式如下:

　　一般進行完成完成進行

　　現(xiàn)在am / is / are doneam / is / are being donehave / has been doneX

　　過去was / were donewas / were being donehad been doneX

　　將來shall / will be doneXshall / will have been doneX

　　另外, 過去將來時的被動語態(tài)形式是should / would be done

　　主動語態(tài)

　　在主動語態(tài)中, 高中英語中常見的有十二個時態(tài)

　　一.一般現(xiàn)在時:

　　1.構(gòu)成: 通常以動詞原形表示. 主語為第三人稱單數(shù)時, 則用動詞的第三人稱單數(shù)形式來表示

　　2.用法:

　　①.表示現(xiàn)狀, 性質(zhì), 狀態(tài), 經(jīng)常的或習(xí)慣性的動作

　　a. It is fine today.

　　b. I am a student.

　　c. I get up at six every day.

　　d. My father never takes a bus; he walks to his office.

　　②.表示客觀事實或普遍真理

　　a. Japan is to the east of China.

　　b. The sun rises in the east.

　　c. A horse is a useful animal.

　　③.表示將來確定會發(fā)生的動作(如己安排好或計劃好的動作或按時刻表將來一定會發(fā)生的動作), 可以這樣使用的動詞有: go, come, leave, start, arrive等

　　a. My train leaves at 6:30.

　　b. The football match is played the day after tomorrow.

　　④.在時間和條件狀語從句中可用一般現(xiàn)在時動詞代替一般將來時動詞

　　a. I will let you know as soon as I hear from him.

　　b. We will go if it is fine tomorrow.

　　c. I will be away when he arrives.

　　d. We shall not begin the discussion until he arrives.

　　e. Mother, I wont go out unless you agree.

　　f. Dont try to run before you begin to walk.

　　⑤.在某些以here / there開頭的句子中用一般現(xiàn)在時動詞表示現(xiàn)在正在發(fā)生的動作

　　a. Here comes the bus.=The bus is coming.

　　b. There goes the bell.

　　⑥.在體育比賽過程中, 解說員敘述迅速, 短暫動作時, 可用一般現(xiàn)在時, 表示正在進行的或剛剛發(fā)生的動作

　　a. Ma Lianbao passes the ball to Mu Tiezhu, Mu shoots a fine shot !

　　⑦.在劇本或圖片的說明文字中, 用一般現(xiàn)在時表示動作

　　a. When the curtain rises, Juliet is sitting at her desk. The phone rings. She picks it up and listens quietly.

　　二.現(xiàn)在進行時:

　　1.構(gòu)成: am / is / are doing

　　2.用法:

　　①.表示說話時正在進行著的動作, 或現(xiàn)階段正在進行而說話時不一定正在進行的動作

　　a. I am writing a letter.

　　b. My mother is making a dress these few days.

　　②.表示即將發(fā)生的動作(如在最近按計劃或安排好要進行的動作), 常見的有這種用法的動詞有: come /go / leave / start / arrive等, 常與表示將來時間的狀語連用

　　a. They are going to Shanghai on Friday.

　　b. John is coming here next week.

　　③.現(xiàn)在進行時動詞與always, continually, constantly等連用, 表示反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的或習(xí)慣性的動作

　　a. The little boy is always asking questions.

　　b. You are always saying that sort of thing.

　　④.在一定的上下文中, 前一句用一般現(xiàn)在時動詞表述現(xiàn)在發(fā)生的事實, 后一句用現(xiàn)在進行時動詞來闡述這一事實的原因, 結(jié)果, 目的等

　　a. He frowns. He is worrying about his boy.他皺著眉頭, 因為他在為他的孩子擔(dān)心. (is worrying表示原因)

　　b. She criticizes him. She is trying to correct his wrong habits. 她批評他, 想糾正他的壞習(xí)慣. (is trying表示目的)

　　c. She lets her child have his own way. She is spoiling him. 她不管她的孩子, 把他慣壞了. ( is spoiling表示結(jié)果)

　　⑤.不表示持續(xù)的行為, 而表示知覺, 感覺, 看法, 認(rèn)識, 感情, 愿望或某種狀態(tài)的動詞通常不用現(xiàn)在進行時, 如: see, hear, smell, taste, recognize, notice, forget, remember, understand, know, believe, suppose, mean, think, love, hate, care, like, dislike, worry, forgive, want, wish, hope, refuse, feel like, belong to , possess, own, have, be, seem等

　　三.現(xiàn)在完成時:

　　1.構(gòu)成: have / has done

　　2.用法:

　　①.表示動作在說話之前己經(jīng)完成, 而后果或影響至今仍存在

　　a. He has gone to Shanghai. ( =He went to Shanghai and he is not here now. )

　　b. I have opened the window. ( =I opened the window and the window is now open.)

　　c. The concert has started. ( =The concert started and is now going on. )

　　d. I have had breakfast. (=I had breakfast and I am not hungry now. )

　　②.表示開始于過去, 持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在(也許還會繼續(xù)進行下去)的動作或狀態(tài), 用于延續(xù)性動詞, 且句中常帶有表示段時間的時間狀語

　　a. I have studied English since 1987.

　　b. He has lived here for two years.

　　c. He has been ill for ten days.

　　3.現(xiàn)在完成時與一般過去時的區(qū)別:

　　①.現(xiàn)在完成時和一般過去時所表示的動作都發(fā)生在過去, 但前者將過去的動作與現(xiàn)在的結(jié)果或?qū)ΜF(xiàn)在的影響聯(lián)系起來, 而后者只限于表示過去的動作本身, 與現(xiàn)在無關(guān)

　　②.現(xiàn)在完成時不能與表明確時間的狀語如: yesterday, last year, two days ago, when I came in等連用, 但可與表示不明確時間的狀語如: already, yet, sometimes, often, before, lately, recently, once, twice, ever等連用, 也可以和包括現(xiàn)在在內(nèi)的時間狀語如: this morning, today, this week, this year等連用

　　a. She has already come.

　　b. I have met him before.

　　c. Ma Hong has always been a good student.

　　d. Have you ever been to the Great Wall ?

　　e. I have seen him this morning.

　　四.現(xiàn)在完成進行時:

　　1.構(gòu)成: have / has been doing

　　2.特征: 現(xiàn)在完成進行時兼有現(xiàn)在完成時和現(xiàn)在進行時兩者的特點

　　①.它具有現(xiàn)在完成時的特點, 即表示動作發(fā)生在過去, 延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在或?qū)ΜF(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生影響

　　②.它具有現(xiàn)在進行時的特點, 即可以表示此動作仍在進行或還會繼續(xù)

　　a. Mr. Smith has taught English for twenty years. ( 至今為止教過二十年英語, 至于teach是否結(jié)束或是否延續(xù), 不得而知)

　　b. Mr. Smith has been teaching English for twenty years.( 現(xiàn)在仍在教英語,而且將持續(xù)下去)

　　3.用法:

　　①.表示現(xiàn)在之前的一段時間里一直進行的動作, 此動可能仍在進行, 也可能剛剛停止

　　a. I have been reading the book all the morning.

　　b. He has been staying here for two hours.

　　c. I have been living in Beijing since 1972.

　　②.表示現(xiàn)在之前的一段時間里一再重復(fù)的動作

　　a. I have been calling you several times in the past two days.

　　4.現(xiàn)在完成時與現(xiàn)在完成進行時的區(qū)別: 前者著重表示過去動作對現(xiàn)在的影響或結(jié)果; 后者著重表示過去動作的持續(xù)進行

　　a. I have written six letters since I got back.我己經(jīng)寫了六封信 (強調(diào)結(jié)果)

　　b. I have been writing letter since I got back. 我回家后一直在寫信 (強調(diào)一直在寫)

　　c. I have read this book.我讀過這本書了(強調(diào)讀過這一結(jié)果)

　　d. I have been reading this book.我一直在讀這本書 (強調(diào)一直在讀)