[動詞的時態]過去完成時
1) 概念:表示過去的過去
----|----------|--------|---- 其構成是had +過去分詞構成。
那時以前 那時 現在
2) 用法
a. 在told, said, knew, heard, thought等動詞后的賓語從句。例如:
She said (that)she had never been to Paris. 她告訴我她曾去過巴黎。
b. 狀語從句
在過去不同時間發生的兩個動作中,發生在先,用過去完成時;發生在后,用一般過去時。例如:
When the police arrived, the thieves had run away. 警察到達時,小偷們早就跑了。
c. 表示意向的動詞,如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等,用過去完成時表示原本,未能.例如:
We had hoped that you would come, but you didnt. 那時我們希望你能來,但是你沒有來。
3) 過去完成時的時間狀語before, by, until , when, after, once, as soon as.例如:
He said that he had learned some English before. 他說過他以前學過一些英語。
By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to make a living by himself. 到了十二歲那年,愛迪生開始自己謀生。
Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party.
湯姆失望了,因為他到達晚會時,大部分客人已經走了。
典型例題
The students ___ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she ___ in the office.
A. had written, left B,were writing, has left C. had written, had left D. were writing, had left
答案D. 把書忘在辦公室發生在去取書這一過去的動作之前,因此忘了書這一動作發生在過去的過去,用過去完成時。句中when表示的是時間的一點,表示在同學們正忙于這一背景下,when所引導的動作發生。因此前一句應用過去進行時。
注意: had hardly when 還沒等 就。例如:
I had hardly opened the door when I he hit me. 我剛打開門,他就打了我。
had no soonerthan 剛 就。例如:
He had no sooner bought the car than he sold it. 他剛買了這輛車,轉眼又賣了。
1) 概念:表示過去的過去
----|----------|--------|---- 其構成是had +過去分詞構成。
那時以前 那時 現在
2) 用法
a. 在told, said, knew, heard, thought等動詞后的賓語從句。例如:
She said (that)she had never been to Paris. 她告訴我她曾去過巴黎。
b. 狀語從句
在過去不同時間發生的兩個動作中,發生在先,用過去完成時;發生在后,用一般過去時。例如:
When the police arrived, the thieves had run away. 警察到達時,小偷們早就跑了。
c. 表示意向的動詞,如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等,用過去完成時表示原本,未能.例如:
We had hoped that you would come, but you didnt. 那時我們希望你能來,但是你沒有來。
3) 過去完成時的時間狀語before, by, until , when, after, once, as soon as.例如:
He said that he had learned some English before. 他說過他以前學過一些英語。
By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to make a living by himself. 到了十二歲那年,愛迪生開始自己謀生。
Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party.
湯姆失望了,因為他到達晚會時,大部分客人已經走了。
典型例題
The students ___ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she ___ in the office.
A. had written, left B,were writing, has left C. had written, had left D. were writing, had left
答案D. 把書忘在辦公室發生在去取書這一過去的動作之前,因此忘了書這一動作發生在過去的過去,用過去完成時。句中when表示的是時間的一點,表示在同學們正忙于這一背景下,when所引導的動作發生。因此前一句應用過去進行時。
注意: had hardly when 還沒等 就。例如:
I had hardly opened the door when I he hit me. 我剛打開門,他就打了我。
had no soonerthan 剛 就。例如:
He had no sooner bought the car than he sold it. 他剛買了這輛車,轉眼又賣了。