福建省泉州市2024高考英語文章突破一輪訓練（10）及答案

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　　泉州市2024高考英語文章突破一輪訓練（10）及答案

　　閱讀理解專題訓練()、議論文的閱讀()

　　◆ 方法點撥

　　議論文通常用來討論一個觀點或現象，其內容主要由三部分組成：論點，論據與結論。論點就是作者要論述的觀點，是文章的主旨；而論據是用來證明論點的材料，也就是支撐論點的理由和事實。它可以是事例，理論，數據等等，結論則是論證后所得出的總結性觀點。

　　寫作方法通常是：提出論點，分析或舉例論證，得出結論。

　　閱讀議論文的方法：

　　讀者應該先搞清楚其結構。首先通過尋找短文的主題句來確定文章的主題，也就是論點。主題句在文章中的位置通常有三種情況：開頭、中間、結尾(含在開頭結尾同時出現、首尾呼應的主題句)。因此仔細閱讀這類文章或段落的首尾句是關鍵。在瀏覽時，一般不需逐句瀏覽，只需選讀文章的首段、尾段，或每段的首句和末句。但注意，有些文章的主題句或者說“文眼”出現在文章的最后，此類文章往往以列舉事實開頭，通過論證，最后闡述核心觀點，或者引用某個人的話印證自己的觀點，以此歸納文章的主旨大意。找出文章的主論點后，還需進一步找出每段落的分論點，以免分論點與主論點混淆。

　　◆ 活學活用

　　閱讀下列文章，按要求完成讀寫任務

　　It's natural that children are curious about the world around them.For example，they want to know how their hearts beat.They want to know why the ocean water tastes salty.

　　As children grow up，they become curious about different kinds of things.When they are babies，they are interested in the parts of their bodies and in the smiles of the others.Then they become interested in the physical world around them：the plants，the animals，and the sky.Later they become interested in the things that people have made：wheels，bicycles，cars，etc.And when they are adults，their curiosity continues.Sometimes this curiosity leads to a career(生涯)in science.

　　Scientists spend their lives trying to find out about the world.Those who work with the earth sciences study the earth，the oceans，and the skies.Other scientists who study living things work with the biological science.A third group of scientists study the physical science，e.g.physics and chemistry.

　　These scientists have already discovered a lot about our world.For example，they tell us why your heart beats fast when you run.They say that when you are quiet，your heart normally beats sixty-five or seventy-five times a minute.Your heart is a pump that pumps blood to all parts of the body.The blood carries oxygen and nutrition.When you run，your muscles work very hard and use the nutrition that the brain carries to them.The muscles need oxygen，too.So your brain sends a signal to the heart.The signal means that the muscles need more nutrition and oxygen.Then the heart beats fast and sends blood quickly to the muscles.It may beat 90 to 140 times a minute.

　　Of course，scientists cannot answer all of our questions.If we ask，“Why does the ocean water taste salty”，scientists will say that the salt comes from rocks.When a rock gets very hot or very cold，it cracks.Rain falls into the cracks.The rain then carries the salt into the earth and into the rivers.The rivers carry the salt into the oceans.But when then we ask “What happens to the salt in the ocean？The ocean does not get saltier every year.” Scientists are not sure about the answer to this question.

　　We know a lot about our world，but there are still many answers that we don't have and we are curious.

　　Ⅰ.根據短文，寫一篇30詞左右的摘要

　　_______________________________________________________

　　Ⅱ.根據所讀短文，選擇最佳選項

　　1．According to the passage，which of the following statements is true？________.

　　A．People are curious in the same way.

　　B．People in different countries are interested in different things.

　　C．Men and women are curious about different things.

　　D．People of different ages are interested in different things.

　　2．Scientists who work with the biological sciences study________.

　　A．the earth，the oceans and the sky

　　B．man-made things

　　C．plants and animals

　　D．ocean water

　　3．When you run，your muscles need ________.

　　A．more nutrition and oxygen

　　B．more signals

　　C．more salt

　　D．water

　　4．People are always curious because________.

　　A．they cannot explain many things

　　B．they know nothing about the world

　　C．they know little about the world

　　D．they want to be scientists

　　5．The passage mainly shows us that ________.

　　A．Scientists find out many things because they are curious about everything around them

　　B．what the people are curious about

　　C．everyone has curiosity which makes the science develop quickly

　　D．Sometimes scientists cannot answer all of our questionsⅠ

　　This passage tells us that everyone，either children or adults are curious about the world around them，which sometimes leads to a career in science and thus makes science develop by showing some examples.

　　Ⅱ

　　1．解析：根據第二段可知。

　　答案：D

　　2．解析：根據第三段“Other scientists who study living things work with the biological science.”

　　答案：C

　　3．解析：根據第四段“The blood carries oxygen and nutrition.When you run，your muscles work very hard and use the nutrition that the brain carries to them.The muscles need oxygen.The signal means that the muscles need more nutrition and oxygen.”

　　答案：A

　　4．解析：推理題，正因為不能解釋，才會產生好奇。

　　答案：A

　　5．解析：中心概括題。本文通過事例論述人們對事物的好奇推進科學的發展。

　　答案：C

　　（山西大同學情調研）

　　When I first entered university，my aunt，who is an English professor，gave me a new English dictionary.I was __1__ to see that it was an English-English dictionary，also known as a monolingual dictionary.__2__ it was a dictionary intended for non-native learners，none of my classmates had one __3__，to be honest，I found it extremely __4__ to use at first.I would look up words in the dictionary and __5__ not fully understand the meanings.I was used to the __6__ bilingual dictionaries，in which the words are __7__ both in English and Chinese.I really wondered why my aunt __8__ to make things so difficult for me.Now，after studying English at university for three years，I __9__ that monolingual dictionaries are __10__ in learning a foreign language.

　　As I found out，there is，__11__，often no perfect equivalence（對應）between two __12__in two languages.My aunt even goes so far as to __13__ that a Chinese “equivalent” can never give you the __14__ meaning of a word in English！__15__，she insisted that I read the definition（定義）of a word in a monolingual dictionary __16__ I wanted to get a better understanding of its meaning.__17__ I have come to see what she meant.

　　Using a monolingual dictionary for learners has helped me in another important way.This dictionary uses a（n）__18__ number of words，around 2,000，in its definitions.When I read these definitions，I am __19__ exposed to（接觸）the basic words and learn how they are used to explain objects and ideas.__20__ this，I can express myself more easily in English.

　　1．A．worried

　　B．sad

　　C．surprised

　　D．nervous

　　2．A．Because

　　B．Although

　　C．Unless　

　　D．If

　　3．A．but

　　B．so

　　C．or　

　　D．and

　　4．A．difficult

　　B．interesting

　　C．ambiguous

　　D．practical

　　5．A．thus

　　B．even

　　C．still

　　D．again

　　6．A．new

　　B．familiar

　　C．earlier

　　D．ordinary

　　7．A．explained

　　B．expressed

　　C．described

　　D．created

　　8．A．offered

　　B．agreed

　　C．decided

　　D．happened

　　9．A．imagine

　　B．recommend

　　C．predict

　　D．understand10．A．natural

　　B．better

　　C．easier

　　D．convenient

　　11．A．at best

　　B．in fact

　　C．at times

　　D．in case

　　12．A．words

　　B．names

　　C．ideas

　　D．characters

　　13．A．hope

　　B．declare

　　C．doubt

　　D．tell

　　14．A．exact

　　B．basic

　　C．translated

　　D．expected

　　15．A．Rather

　　B．However

　　C．Therefore

　　D．Instead

　　16．A．when

　　B．before

　　C．until

　　D．while

　　17．A．Largely

　　B．Generally

　　C．Gradually

　　D．Probably

　　18．A．extra

　　B．average

　　C．total

　　D．limited

　　19．A．repeatedly

　　B．nearly

　　C．immediately

　　D．anxiously

　　20．A．According to

　　B．In relation to

　　C．In addition to

　　D．Because of

　　1．C　從下文可知，學生一般都用雙解詞典，而一進入大學，姑媽就給作者一本英英詞典，因此感到驚訝。

　　2．B　盡管這本詞典是為非本族語學習者編寫的一本詞典，但是作者的同學沒有一個擁有這樣的詞典。根據句意可知B項正確。

　　3．D　從下文可知，此處兩個分句之間存在承接關系，因此用and，答案為D項。

　　4．A　difficult “難的”；interesting “有趣的”；ambiguous “不明確的，模棱兩可的”；practical“實用的”。由上下文可知，作者開始用英英詞典的時候還是感到困難的，所以A項正確。

　　5．C　thus“如此，這樣”；even“甚至”；still“仍然，還”；again“再，又”。根據句意可知選C項。

　　6．B　根據句意，作者習慣使用雙解詞典。familiar“熟知的，熟悉的”。

　　7．A　雙解詞典中的單詞用兩種語言解釋，所以答案為A項。

　　8．C　offer to do sth.“自愿做某事”；agree to do sth.“同意做某事”；decide to do sth.“決定做某事”；happen to do sth.“碰巧做某事”。因為雙解詞典比較容易，而用英英詞典則比較困難，所以作者不知道姑媽為什么決定要這樣做。故C項正確。

　　9．D　在大學學了三年的英語后，作者知道了英英詞典的好處。imagine “想象”；recommend “建議，推薦”；predict “預言”；understand “理解”。根據句意可知D項正確。

　　10．B　從下文可知，作者現在認識到英英詞典比雙解詞典好，所以B項正確。

　　11．B　像作者發現的那樣，在兩種語言中，兩個單詞的含義實際上沒有絕對的對應。at best“最好，至多，充其量”；in fact“事實上”；at times “有時”；in case “萬一”。根據句意選B項。

　　12．A　此處表示兩種語言中的單詞意義不能完全匹配，所以用words。

　　13．B　姑媽宣稱說漢語翻譯永遠不會給出一個英語單詞的確切意義。hope “希望”；declare“宣布，宣稱”后可直接接賓語從句；doubt “懷疑”，與句意不符；tell要接雙賓語。綜上所述可知B項正確。

　　14．A　A項“確切的”；B項“基礎的”；C項“被翻譯的”；D項“期望的”。根據上一題解析可知A項正確。

　　15．C　上下文之間為因果關系，所以選C項。therefore“因此，所以”。

　　16．A　姑媽堅持主張：想更好地理解單詞的含義時，還是要看英英詞典上的定義。when“當……時”，可以是“點”的時間，也可以是“段”的時間，此處表示“點”的時間，而while通常用來表示“段”的時間。

　　17．C　三年中通過使用英英詞典作者逐漸明白了姑媽當初的意圖。此處gradually表示一個漸進的過程。

　　18．D　由下文的2000個單詞可知，這本英英詞典的詞匯是有限的。

　　19．A　因為本詞典詞匯量有限，所以這些基本單詞會重復出現。A項正確。

　　20．D　A項“根據，依據”；B項“與……有關”；C項“除……之外”；D項“因為，由于”。因為作者使用英英詞典，因此可以容易地用英語自我表達。

　　Dear editor,

　　Mary is my best friend and she is a very good-hearted girl. She’s always the first to help out others. But her habits make me mad sometimes and she just won’t change her ways. For most situations, that’s just fine with me, as I know it’s what makes her who she is. However, sometimes it’s just so hard for me to bear her behavior. She has recently got a cellphone, but she often borrows mine to make calls. My phone has a chain with it. She always tries to open it like her own phone. I usually open it for it, but not always, as sometimes I’m driving my car, so she needs to get it out of my purse and open it herself.

　　This weekend, we were at a party in a faraway village. She borrowed my cellphone. As it

　　was cold outside, I let her take it outside without opening it. Now it’s broken because she didn’t open it properly. I wouldn’t be so mad, but over the weekend she also borrowed my car and never offered to pay for the gas, which made me very angry. She should have offered to pay for the gas. As I have mentioned, she’s the type to help out others when and where she can. Perhaps because of that, she thinks others should also do the same for her. Something I just think she is very childish. I don’t want to hurt her, but I do want to let her know that not everyone can accept that. What should I do to let her know that?

　　Yours,

　　Lily

　　41. What is Lily’s purpose in writing this letter?

　　A. To advise us to be careful when making friends.

　　B. To tell others what kind of person Mary is.

　　C. To tell Mary what she thinks of her.

　　D. To ask for advice from an editor.

　　42. We can learn from Paragraph 1 that ______________

　　A. Mary doesn’t have a cellphone.

　　B. Mary doesn’t have any good habits.

　　C. Lily is sometimes not pleased with Mary’s behavior.

　　D. Lily has asked Mary to change her way.