Unit 16　Scientists at work Warming up,Listening and Speaking

　　詞匯講解

　　三點剖析

　　1....discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the following scientific discoveries...

　　討論下列科學發現的優點和缺點……

　　advantage n.有利條件;優點

　　【典型例句】

　　Given a good education,Tom has an advantage over other boys.

　　接受過良好教育,湯姆比其他男孩占優勢。

　　He always takes advantage of the mistakes made by others.他總是吸取別人所犯錯誤的教訓。

　　Attending more scientific lectures is of great advantage to me.

　　多參加一些科學講座對我很有益。

　　【要點歸納】

　　advantage作“優點，有利條件”講時是可數名詞;作“利益,好處”講時是不可數名詞。常用搭配:have/gain/win an advantage over...占/獲得優勢;take advantage of sth.利用;be to one’s advantage/to the advantage of...對某人有利;have the advantage of sb.較某人有利,比某人強。

　　【相關鏈接】

　　disadvantage是advantage的反義詞,表示“不利,損失”時不可數,表示“不利的情況,不便之事”時可數。多用于搭配:be at a disadvantage處于不利地位;to one’s disadvantage對某人不利。例如:

　　It’s a disadvantage not to know English when you go abroad.

　　出國時不懂英語是個不利條件。

　　Your behavior is a disadvantage to your reputation.

　　你的行為有損你的聲譽。完成句子

　　(1)The present international situation is _______________(對中國有利).

　　(2)In working out maths problems,my desk-mate ______________(比大部分女生強).

　　(3)I feel_______________(處于不利地位) playing with him.

　　(4)The Chinese government is trying to _________________(利用寶貴的時間) to develop the economy.

　　(5)Age and experience are __________________(他的主要優點).

　　答案:(1)to China’s advantage

　　(2)has the advantage of most of the girls

　　(3)at a disadvantage

　　(4)take advantage of the valuable time

　　(5)his main advantages

　　選擇

　　（6）—How about the coins?

　　—Well,coins have many __________.They can be stored without worrying that they will rot away.

　　A.effects

　　B.advantages

　　C.disadvantages　D.uses

　　提示:由答語的后一句看出答案,應使用advantages(優點)。答案:B

　　2.It brings people more comfort.

　　它使人們更舒適。

　　comfort n.舒適;安慰

　　【典型例句】

　　I took comfort in her words,feeling more comfortable.

　　我從她的話中得到安慰,感到好受多了。

　　Taken good care of,the retired men live in comfort.

　　由于被照顧得很好,退休人員生活舒適。

　　Her success in her cause is a great comfort to her parents.

　　她在事業上的成功對父母來說一大慰藉。

　　These fivestar level hotels offer modern comforts.

　　這些五星級賓館有現代化的設備。

　　【要點歸納】

　　comfort表示“安慰;舒服;舒適”不可數;指“使生活舒適之物;帶來安慰的人或物”時可數。

　　【相關鏈接】

　　(1)comfort用作動詞,表示“安慰;慰問”。例如:

　　It comforts me to know that the crew is safe.

　　機組人員平安無事的消息使我寬心。

　　No one comforted me when I was sad about my pet dog’s death.在我因寵物狗的死亡而悲傷時沒有人安慰我。

　　(2)comfortable adj. 安慰的,舒適的,輕松的。反義詞 uncomfortable　例如:

　　She wanted to find a comfortable job after graduation.

　　她畢業后想找個輕松的工作。

　　選擇

　　(1)A hot cup of tea on a cold winter night is _________.

　　A.real comfort　

　　B.a real comfort

　　C.real comforts

　　D.real comfortable

　　提示:“使人安慰或舒服的人或事”,comfort用作可數名詞。

　　答案:B

　　(2)I feel _______ at home than outside.

　　A.even comfortable 

　　B.much comfortable

　　C.much more comfortable

　　D.comfortabler

　　提示:comfortable是多音節詞,故加more構成比較級,前面的much表示“程度”。

　　答案:C

　　翻譯

　　(3)和你在一起真愉快。

　　_______________________________________

　　(4)我盡力安慰她從而使她平靜下來。

　　_______________________________________

　　答案:

　　(3)It’s a comfort to be with you.

　　(4)I tried to comfort her to make her settle down.

　　3.It is unnecessary.

　　那是沒有必要的。

　　unnecessary adj.不必要的;多余的

　　【典型例句】

　　Your rude reply is unnecessary.

　　你大可不必粗野地回答。

　　It’s unnecessary to telephone him at such time.

　　沒有必要此時給他打電話。

　　Dictionaries are necessary to all students.

　　字典是學生都需要的。

　　It is necessary for him to do more in the house because his mother is ill.

　　他媽媽有病使他有必要做更多的家務。It’s necessary that we(should) improve the method of study.

　　我們有必要改進自己的學習方法。

　　【要點歸納】

　　necessary/unnecessary是指事物的形容詞,作表語時,可用事物名詞作主語,不能用人作主語。常用于下列兩個句型:(1)It is necessary/unnecessary for sb.to do sth.(2)It’s necessary/unnecessary that+從句,都表示“某人有必要/沒必要做某事”,但接從句時,從句中的謂語動詞要用“should+動詞原形”,should可以省略。【相關鏈接】

　　There is no need(for sb.) to do sth.(某人)沒有必要做某事。例如:

　　There is no need to import so many cars now.

　　現在沒有必要進口這么多汽車。改錯

　　(1)He is necessary to get up early tomorrow morning.

　　_____________________________________________________________________

　　(2)It is no need to send more fire fighters because the fire has been put out.

　　_____________________________________________________________________

　　答案:

　　(1)It is necessary for him to get up early tomorrow morning./It is necessary that he should get up early next morning.

　　(2)It→There

　　選擇

　　(3)We have found _________ necessary to put away some money for old age.

　　A.this

　　B.which

　　C.that

　　D.it

　　提示:it代替后面的不定式作形式賓語。

　　答案:D

　　(4)All agree that it is ____________ to bring in more foreign films in order to protect China’s film industry.

　　A.necessary

　　B.unnecessary

　　C.no need

　　D.much need

　　提示:句中的不定式短語暗示“沒有必要進口更多的外國電影”,故使用unnecessary。

　　答案:B

　　Unit 16　Scientists at work Warming up,Listening and Speaking

　　詞匯講解

　　三點剖析

　　1....discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the following scientific discoveries...

　　討論下列科學發現的優點和缺點……

　　advantage n.有利條件;優點

　　【典型例句】

　　Given a good education,Tom has an advantage over other boys.

　　接受過良好教育,湯姆比其他男孩占優勢。

　　He always takes advantage of the mistakes made by others.他總是吸取別人所犯錯誤的教訓。

　　Attending more scientific lectures is of great advantage to me.

　　多參加一些科學講座對我很有益。

　　【要點歸納】

　　advantage作“優點，有利條件”講時是可數名詞;作“利益,好處”講時是不可數名詞。常用搭配:have/gain/win an advantage over...占/獲得優勢;take advantage of sth.利用;be to one’s advantage/to the advantage of...對某人有利;have the advantage of sb.較某人有利,比某人強。

　　【相關鏈接】

　　disadvantage是advantage的反義詞,表示“不利,損失”時不可數,表示“不利的情況,不便之事”時可數。多用于搭配:be at a disadvantage處于不利地位;to one’s disadvantage對某人不利。例如:

　　It’s a disadvantage not to know English when you go abroad.

　　出國時不懂英語是個不利條件。

　　Your behavior is a disadvantage to your reputation.

　　你的行為有損你的聲譽。完成句子

　　(1)The present international situation is _______________(對中國有利).

　　(2)In working out maths problems,my desk-mate ______________(比大部分女生強).

　　(3)I feel_______________(處于不利地位) playing with him.

　　(4)The Chinese government is trying to _________________(利用寶貴的時間) to develop the economy.

　　(5)Age and experience are __________________(他的主要優點).

　　答案:(1)to China’s advantage

　　(2)has the advantage of most of the girls

　　(3)at a disadvantage

　　(4)take advantage of the valuable time

　　(5)his main advantages

　　選擇

　　（6）—How about the coins?

　　—Well,coins have many __________.They can be stored without worrying that they will rot away.

　　A.effects

　　B.advantages

　　C.disadvantages　D.uses

　　提示:由答語的后一句看出答案,應使用advantages(優點)。答案:B

　　2.It brings people more comfort.

　　它使人們更舒適。

　　comfort n.舒適;安慰

　　【典型例句】

　　I took comfort in her words,feeling more comfortable.

　　我從她的話中得到安慰,感到好受多了。

　　Taken good care of,the retired men live in comfort.

　　由于被照顧得很好,退休人員生活舒適。

　　Her success in her cause is a great comfort to her parents.

　　她在事業上的成功對父母來說一大慰藉。

　　These fivestar level hotels offer modern comforts.

　　這些五星級賓館有現代化的設備。

　　【要點歸納】

　　comfort表示“安慰;舒服;舒適”不可數;指“使生活舒適之物;帶來安慰的人或物”時可數。

　　【相關鏈接】

　　(1)comfort用作動詞,表示“安慰;慰問”。例如:

　　It comforts me to know that the crew is safe.

　　機組人員平安無事的消息使我寬心。

　　No one comforted me when I was sad about my pet dog’s death.在我因寵物狗的死亡而悲傷時沒有人安慰我。

　　(2)comfortable adj. 安慰的,舒適的,輕松的。反義詞 uncomfortable　例如:

　　She wanted to find a comfortable job after graduation.

　　她畢業后想找個輕松的工作。

　　選擇

　　(1)A hot cup of tea on a cold winter night is _________.

　　A.real comfort　

　　B.a real comfort

　　C.real comforts

　　D.real comfortable

　　提示:“使人安慰或舒服的人或事”,comfort用作可數名詞。

　　答案:B

　　(2)I feel _______ at home than outside.

　　A.even comfortable 

　　B.much comfortable

　　C.much more comfortable

　　D.comfortabler

　　提示:comfortable是多音節詞,故加more構成比較級,前面的much表示“程度”。

　　答案:C

　　翻譯

　　(3)和你在一起真愉快。

　　_______________________________________

　　(4)我盡力安慰她從而使她平靜下來。

　　_______________________________________

　　答案:

　　(3)It’s a comfort to be with you.

　　(4)I tried to comfort her to make her settle down.

　　3.It is unnecessary.

　　那是沒有必要的。

　　unnecessary adj.不必要的;多余的

　　【典型例句】

　　Your rude reply is unnecessary.

　　你大可不必粗野地回答。

　　It’s unnecessary to telephone him at such time.

　　沒有必要此時給他打電話。

　　Dictionaries are necessary to all students.

　　字典是學生都需要的。

　　It is necessary for him to do more in the house because his mother is ill.

　　他媽媽有病使他有必要做更多的家務。It’s necessary that we(should) improve the method of study.

　　我們有必要改進自己的學習方法。

　　【要點歸納】

　　necessary/unnecessary是指事物的形容詞,作表語時,可用事物名詞作主語,不能用人作主語。常用于下列兩個句型:(1)It is necessary/unnecessary for sb.to do sth.(2)It’s necessary/unnecessary that+從句,都表示“某人有必要/沒必要做某事”,但接從句時,從句中的謂語動詞要用“should+動詞原形”,should可以省略。【相關鏈接】

　　There is no need(for sb.) to do sth.(某人)沒有必要做某事。例如:

　　There is no need to import so many cars now.

　　現在沒有必要進口這么多汽車。改錯

　　(1)He is necessary to get up early tomorrow morning.

　　_____________________________________________________________________

　　(2)It is no need to send more fire fighters because the fire has been put out.

　　_____________________________________________________________________

　　答案:

　　(1)It is necessary for him to get up early tomorrow morning./It is necessary that he should get up early next morning.

　　(2)It→There

　　選擇

　　(3)We have found _________ necessary to put away some money for old age.

　　A.this

　　B.which

　　C.that

　　D.it

　　提示:it代替后面的不定式作形式賓語。

　　答案:D

　　(4)All agree that it is ____________ to bring in more foreign films in order to protect China’s film industry.

　　A.necessary

　　B.unnecessary

　　C.no need

　　D.much need

　　提示:句中的不定式短語暗示“沒有必要進口更多的外國電影”,故使用unnecessary。

　　答案:B