重慶市2024高考英語閱讀理解選編（23）（附解析）?

　　閱讀理解(2024·山西高三上學期診斷)

　　Nearly two million drivers in the UK have had accidents due to “Baby on Board” signs and children’s toys that affect their view，according to alarming new research.One in 20 motorists says stickers and playtime paraphernalia (裝備) are to blame for a collision—equivalent to 1.85 million of Britain’s 37 million drivers.The discovery triggered a warning by a road safety charity—Brake to cut down on clutter (雜亂的東西) in the car.

　　Deputy chief executive Julie Townsend said “Baby on Board” signs are very useful in alerting the emergency services that a child may be involved in case of a crash.“This help can become negative if drivers display signs when their child isn’t in the car，” she said.“Worse still is the danger that can be caused by drivers influencing their view by cluttering up (塞滿) windows with lots of signs.Drivers’ priority should always be getting there safely without putting themselves，young passengers or other road users at risk.”

　　A survey arranged by price comparison website Confused.com found that 37 percent of parents have displayed signs and four out of five of them believe they improve safety.But 46 percent admit doing so at all times—regardless of whether or not their child is in the car—and 15 percent admit they only have them for their novelty (新奇) value.The poll of 2,000 drivers also found that 46 percent of drivers regard them as a risk and 33 percent say they are lacking in taste.

　　“There are benefits and dangers to ‘Baby on Board’ signs.They can offer useful information for medical aid in case of a crash but having too many novelty items displayed could be a safety issue，” said a Confused.com spokesman.

　　1．What do we learn about the signs on the car from Paragraph 1?

　　A．They can be dangerous.

　　B．They are useful to avoid accidents.

　　C．They are welcomed by passengers.

　　D．They are forbidden to be used.

　　2．What is Julie Townsend’s attitude towards the signs?

　　A．Positive. B．Negative.

　　C．Uninteresting.D．Objective.

　　3．According to the survey，most of the drivers who use the signs think that the signs________.

　　A．can improve safety

　　B．are unnecessary

　　C．can make drivers clear D．can kill time

　　4．What is the purpose of this text?

　　A．To solve a problem.

　　B．To describe a threat to traffic safety.

　　C．To tell an interesting story.

　　D．To persuade drivers to drive safely.

　　【參考答案】閱讀理解

　　語篇解讀：　本文主要介紹了英國最新的調查發現汽車車貼成為“馬路殺手”的事實。

　　1．解析：　推理判斷題。從文章第一段介紹的英國有將近200萬名司機曾因車貼和兒童玩具發生過交通事故，到車貼和玩具會模糊司機的視線并且在每20位駕駛人員中就有一位表示車貼和娛樂設備會導致發生交通事故以及Brake提醒大家清理車里雜亂的物品可推知，它們可能是危險的。

　　答案：　A

　　2．解析：　態度判斷題。根據第二段中的“‘Baby on Board’ signs are...isn’t in the car”以及“Worse...or other road users at risk.”可知，Julie Townsend對車貼積極的一面以及消極的一面都做了客觀的描述，由此可推知她的態度是客觀的。

　　答案：　D

　　3．解析：　細節理解題。根據第三段中的“four out of five of them believe they improve safety”可知，大多數司機認為這能使行駛更安全。

　　答案：　A

　　4．解析：　寫作意圖題。本文介紹了英國最新的調查發現汽車車貼成為“馬路殺手”的事實，其目的就是告訴人們當前存在的一個交通安全隱患。

　　答案：　B(2024·山東省青島市高三第一次模擬考試)

　　Elderly adults who regularly drink green tea may stay more agile (敏捷的) and independent than their peers over time, according to a Japanese study that covered thousands of people.

　　Green tea contains antioxidant chemicals (抗氧化化學物質) that may help stop the cell damage that can lead to disease.Researchers have been studying green tea’s effect on everything from cholesterol (膽固醇) to the risk of certain cancers，with mixed results so far.

　　They found those who drank the most green tea were the least likely to develop “functional disability”，or problems with daily activities or basic needs，such as dressing or bathing.

　　Specifically，almost 13 percent of adults who drank less than a cup of green tea per day became functionally disabled，compared with just over 7 percent of people who drank at least five cups a day.

　　The study did not prove that green tea alone kept people agile as they grew older.Green tea lovers generally had healthier diets，including more fish，vegetables and fruit，as well as more education，lower smoking rates，fewer heart

　　attacks and strokes，and greater mental sharpness.They also tended to be more socially active and have more friends and family to rely on.But even with those factors accounted for，green tea itself was tied to a tower disability risk，the researchers said.

　　People who drank at least five cups a day were one-third less likely to develop disabilities than those who had less than a cup per day.Those people who averaged three or four cups a day had a 25 percent lower risk.

　　Although it’s not clear how green tea might offer a buffer (緩沖) against disabilities，lead researcher Yasutake Tomata did note that one recent study found green tea extracts (提取物) seem to increase leg muscle strength in older women.

　　While green tea and its extracts are considered safe in small amounts，they do contain caffeine and small amounts of vitamin K，which means it could affect drugs that prevent blood clotting (凝固)．

　　．What does the underlined word “peers” mean in the first paragraph?

　　A．Fathers.

　　B．Brothers.

　　C．People of the same age.

　　D．People living in the same neighborhood.

　　．What can be learned from the passage?

　　A．Antioxidant chemicals can lead to disease.

　　B．Those who often drink green tea can’t develop “functional disability”．

　　C．“Functional disability” is related to problems with daily activities or basic needs.

　　D．People who drink at least five cups a day are not likely to become functionally disabled.

　　3．What does the fifth paragraph mainly tell us?

　　A．How the study was proved.

　　B．Why green tea lovers can keep agile.

　　C．What healthier diets include.

　　D．How to lower the disability risk.

　　．What has the researcher Yasutake Tomata discovered?

　　A．Those who drank green tea can’t develop “functional disability”．

　　B．Green tea alone kept people agile as they grew older.

　　C．How green tea might offer a buffer against disabilities.

　　D．Green tea extracts seem to increase leg muscle strength in older women.

　　5．From the passage we can infer that________.

　　A．vitamin K is contained in caffeine

　　B．vitamin K is good for our blood

　　C．vitamin K is bad for our health

　　D．vitamin K has influence on some drugs語篇解讀　本文介紹了常飲綠茶對身體的種種好處及原因。

　　．解析：　詞義猜測題。根據文章第一句可知，經常喝綠茶的老人比他們的同齡人更加敏捷和獨立，由此可知C項正確。

　　答案：　C

　　．解析：　推理判斷題。根據第三段中的“to develop ‘functional disability’，or problems with daily activities or basic needs”可知C項正確。

　　答案：　C

　　．解析：　段落大意題。根據第五段的第一句“The study did not prove that green tea alone kept people agile as they grew older.”及全段內容可知，本段主要講述的是愛喝綠茶的人敏捷的原因，故B項正確。

　　答案：　B

　　．解析：　細節理解題。根據倒數第二段中的“lead researcher Yasutake Tomata did note that one recent study found green tea extracts (提取物) seem to increase leg muscle strength in older women”可知D項正確。

　　答案：　D

　　．解析：　推理判斷題。根據最后一段中的“they do contain caffeine and small amounts of vitamin K，which means it could affect drugs that prevent blood clotting (凝固)”可知維生素K會影響一些藥的治療效果。

　　答案：　DIn modern society there is a great deal of argument about competition.Some value it highly，believing that it is responsible for social progress and prosperity.Others say that competition is bad，that it sets one person against another，that it leads to unfriendly relationship between people.

　　I have taught many children who held the belief that their self-worth relied(依賴) on how well they performed at tennis and other skills.For them，playing well and winning are often life-and-death affairs.In their single-minded pursuit(追求) of success，the development of many other human qualities is sadly forgotten.

　　However，while some seem to be lost in the desire to succeed，others take an opposite attitude.In a culture which values only the winner and pays no attention to the ordinary players，they strongly blame competition.Among the most vocal are youngsters who have suffered under competitive pressures from their parents or society.Teaching these young people，I often observe in them a desire to fail.They seem to seek failure by not trying to win or achieve success.By not trying，they always have an excuse：“I may have lost，but it doesn’t matter because I really didn’t try.” What is not usually admitted by themselves is the belief that if they had really tried and lost，that would mean a lot.Such a loss would be a measure of their worth.Clearly，this belief is the same as that of the true competitors who try to prove themselves.Both are based on the mistaken belief that one’s self-respect relies on how well one performs in comparison with others.Both are afraid of not being valued.Only as this basic and often troublesome fear begins to dissolve(緩解) can we discover a new meaning in competition.

　　1．What does this passage mainly talk about?

　　A．Competition helps to set up self-respect.

　　B．Opinions about competition are different among people.

　　C．Competition is harmful to personal quality development.

　　D．Failures are necessary experiences in competition.

　　2．Why do some people favor competition according to the passage?

　　A．It pushes society forward.

　　B．It builds up a sense of duty.

　　C．It improves personal abilities.

　　D．It encourages individual efforts.

　　3．The underlined phrase “the most vocal” in Paragraph 3 means “

　　”．

　　A．those who try their best to win

　　B．those who value competition most highly

　　C．those who are against competition most strongly

　　D．those who rely on others most for success

　　4．What is the similar belief of the true competitors and those with a “desire to fail”？

　　A．One’s worth lies in his performance compared with others.

　　B．One’s success in competition needs great efforts.

　　C．One’s achievement is determined by his particular skills.

　　D．One’s success is based on how hard he has tried.

　　1．B　

　　2．A　

　　3．C　

　　4．A　

　　閱讀下列短文, 從給的四個選項 (A、B、C和D) 中, 選出最佳選項。

　　(2024·西寧市質檢一，D)

　　If you feel at present that you don't have enough friends in your life, one reason may be that you have let yourself become too busy to make time for the relationships you already have. Starting and keeping friendship requires effort and commitment. Many of us let our lives become so busy with work and other commitments that we don't get around to scheduling time for pleasure and renewal with the friends, relatives and acquaintances we already have.

　　Making the effort to call your friends more regularly and to accept more of the invitations you receive from others can improve your social life in a hurry!

　　Are there any people you could call right now and be assured of a pleasant welcome? Are there people that you could count on to help you in time of difficulty? Can you have close talks with them? Do you have fun when you are together? Are you happy to have them in your life?

　　If you haven't seen much of them lately, is it because you have become too busy? Have you grown apart? Was there an argument?

　　If the main reason why you haven't been getting together with the people you already know

　　is that you have gotten too busy, take a good look at how you spend your time. Compare it with

　　your real values and priorities in life. Is your busy lifestyle really bringing you the quality of life

　　that you want?

　　If you have become too busy for friends, why has this happened? Are you seeking material

　　toys in your life at the expense of relationships with other human beings? Have you allowed your time to be overcommitted because you never say “No” to anyone? Do you insist on doing things

　　yourself that could be left to others? If so, why? Do you believe that everything depends on you?

　　Examine whether the way you are now spending your time accurately reflects your deepest values and priorities. Make sure that you schedule adequate time for the things that are truly most important to you.

　　If you really want to keep friends in your life, make a space in your schedule, and a space in your heart for them.

　　文章大意：本文是一篇議論文。你是不是感到生活中缺少朋友？如果是這樣，那么也許是因為你忙于工作而疏遠了朋友。交朋友和維持友誼需要努力和承諾，因此，不論工作多么繁忙，都應該留出時間給朋友。

　　1．In this passage the author mainly discusses ________.

　　A．how to balance friendship and work

　　B．how to spend our spare time

　　C．whether we should keep friendship

　　D．whether we should invite friends to dinner

　　答案：A　主旨大意題。通讀全文可知，文章主要就繁忙的工作狀態下不要忘了和朋友聯系而展開討論，講述了如何去平衡友誼和工作的關系。故A項正確。

　　2．Which of the following doesn't indicate a good relationship?

　　A．You have someone to count on when you are in trouble.

　　B．You have someone to have close talks with.

　　C．You feel depressed with others in life.

　　D．You have fun when you are with someone.

　　答案：C　細節理解題。根據第三、四段可知，如果你遇到困難時有依靠，有人和你進行親密交流，你和別人在一起能得到樂趣，說明你和他人關系良好。由此可知，A、B、D三項能表明友誼良好。故選C項。

　　3．The reason why you have become too busy for friends may be the following except that ________.

　　A．you spend too much time seeking material toys in your life

　　B．you feel it difficult to keep friendship

　　C．you stick to doing everything all by yourself

　　D．you never refuse whatever other people ask you to do

　　答案：B　細節理解題。根據倒數第三段第二至四句“Are you seeking material toys... Have you allowed your time to be overcommitted because you never say ‘No’ to anyone? Do you insist on doing things yourself that could be left to others？”可排除選項A、C和D。故選B項。