專題能力訓練十四　閱讀理解(五)

　　　能力升級訓練第43頁　?

　　A

　　(2024·鄭州第一次質量預測)

　　There was great excitement on the planet of Venus(金星).Venusian scientists managed to land a satellite on the planet Earth,and it has been sending back signals as well as photographs ever since.

　　The satellite was directed into an area known as Manhattan,named after the great Venusian astronomer Professor Manhattan,who first discovered it with his telescope 20 000 light years ago.

　　Because of excellent weather conditions and extremely strong signals,Venusian scientists were able to get valuable information about the feasibility(可行性) of a manned flying saucer landing on Earth.A press conference was held at the Venus Institute of Technology.

　　“We have come to the conclusion,based on last week’s satellite landing,”Professor Zog said,“that there is no life on Earth.”

　　“How do you know this?”the science reporter of The Venus Evening Star asked.

　　“For one thing,Earth’s surface in the area of Manhattan is made up of solid concrete and nothing can grow there.For another,the atmosphere is filled with carbon monoxide(一氧化碳) and other deadly gases and nobody could possibly breathe this air and survive.”

　　“What does this mean as far as our flying saucer program is concerned?”

　　“We shall have to take our own oxygen with us,which means a much heavier flying saucer than we planned at first.”

　　“Are there any other dangers that you discovered in your studies?”

　　“Take a look at this photo.You see this dark black cloud hanging over the surface of Earth.We don’t know what it is made of,but it could give us a lot of trouble and we shall have to make further tests before we send a Venusian there.Over here you will notice what seems to be a river,but the satellite findings indicate it is polluted and the water is unfit to drink.This means we shall have to carry our own water,which will add even greater weight to the saucer.”

　　“If all you say is true,won’t this set back the flying saucer program several years?”

　　“Yes,but we shall continue as soon as the Grubstart gives us the added funds,”Professor Zog replied.

　　【語篇導讀】金星上的科學家們成功地向地球發射了一顆衛星,通過分析傳回的資料他們發現地球上不可能有生命存在,因為那里的大氣層、河水等都污染嚴重。

　　1.According to the passage,the Venusian scientists succeeded in getting important information about 　.?

　　A.the feasibility of landing a satellite on Earth

　　B.the possibility of making a first-class flying saucer

　　C.the feasibility of sending a manned flying saucer to Earth

　　D.the possibility of directing a flying saucer into Manhattan

　　答案:C

　　解析:細節理解題。第三段說金星上的科學家們得到了關于載人飛碟登陸地球的可行性的寶貴資料,因此選C項。

　　2.Why will the Venusians have to take their own oxygen when carrying out their flying saucer program?

　　A.They need it on their way to the planet of Earth.

　　B.The Earth’s atmosphere is filled with deadly gases.

　　C.There is a low level of oxygen for the Venusians.

　　D.There is no air on the planet of Earth at all.

　　答案:B

　　解析:細節理解題。根據文章第六、七、八段的內容可知,金星科學家們發現地球表面漂浮著一層有毒氣體,因此,金星人到達地球后必須攜帶可供呼吸的氧氣,故選B項。

　　3.It can be inferred from the passage that 　.?

　　A.landing a manned flying saucer on Earth will be carried out soon

　　B.the Venusians will land on Earth to help to stop serious pollution

　　C.it’s unnecessary to land a manned flying saucer on Earth at present

　　D.pollution on Earth makes it impossible for the Venusians to survive there

　　答案:D

　　解析:推理判斷題。通過分析從地球上傳回的資料,金星上的科學家們發現地球上的大氣和水都污染嚴重,要載人去勘測就必須自帶氧氣和水,由此可知應選D項。

　　4.Where can you probably read such a passage?

　　A.In a popular magazine. B.In a fairy tale.

　　C.In an observation journal. D.In science fiction.

　　答案:D

　　解析:文章出處題。從全文內容看,這篇文章最有可能摘自科幻小說,暗指地球污染的嚴重性。故選D項。

　　B

　　(2024·北京海淀第二學期期末)

　　Cooking Kills Four Million People a Year

　　Polluted airborne particles(大氣懸浮顆粒) kill 7 million people a year,reports the World Health Organization.

　　That news may not come as a surprise to anyone who has seen images of chimneys in Beijing,Delhi or Mexico.But those factories—or even the jammed roadways of modern cities—are not the biggest killer.Each year,some 4.3 million people die earlier than they should because of polluted air inside their homes,says the WHO.

　　What’s causing the air inside people’s homes to be so poisonous that it kills around 11 000 people a day?Stoves.“Having an open fire in your kitchen is like burning 400 cigarettes an hour,”says Kirk Smith,a professor at the University of California at Berkeley,whose research suggests that household air pollution from cooking killed between 3.5 million and 4 million people in 2024.

　　Not all stoves cause this kind of harm.The ones Smith’s talking about are those that the 3 billion people in the developing world use for heat and cooking,which burn solid fuels such as wood,coal,or crop waste instead of gas.The smoke from those fires produces harmful fine particles and carbon monoxide into homes.Poor ventilation then prevents that smoke from escaping,raising fine particle levels 100 times higher than the limits that the WHO considers acceptable.

　　Breathing this air day in day out eventually causes a lot of diseases:more than a third of the 4.3 million die of a stroke,while a quarter die of heart disease.And around one-third of annual lung disease deaths worldwide are due to waste from coal stoves.

　　Exposure tends to be extremely harmful for the people who spend the most time around the fire—usually women and young children.In fact,the WHO reports that household air pollution almost doubles the risk for childhood lung disease.

　　【語篇導讀】本文是一篇說明文。一項研究表明,在家庭中來自烹飪的空氣污染的害處是非常驚人的,廚房做飯產生的煙已經成為致命的殺手,因此我們應該引起注意,并提防來自烹飪的家庭污染。

　　5.According to Kirk Smith’s research,　.?

　　A.factories are the biggest killer worldwide nowadays

　　B.burning 400 cigarettes an hour is extremely dangerous

　　C.household air pollution from cooking is surprising harmful

　　D.some 4.3 million people die earlier each year than they should

　　答案:C

　　解析:細節理解題。根據第三段第三句中 “Kirk Smith...whose research suggests that household air pollution from cooking killed between 3.5 million and 4 million people in 2024” 可知,柯克·史密斯的研究結果表明,在2024年家庭中烹飪造成的空氣污染已致使三百五十萬人到四百萬人死亡,由此可知它的害處是非常驚人的。故選C項。

　　6.What should be the deadly killer in a household kitchen?

　　A.Solid fuels. B.Coal stoves.

　　C.Poor gas. D.Cooking smoke.

　　答案:D

　　解析:細節理解題。根據第四段第二、三句可知,在廚房中用固體燃料來取暖和做飯產生的煙是致命的殺手。故選D項。

　　7.The underlined word “ventilation” in Paragraph 4 probably means 　.?

　　A.airing B.cooking

　　C.burning D.cooling

　　答案:A

　　解析:詞義猜測題。根據第四段畫線詞之后的 “prevents that smoke from escaping”,并結合選項可推知,此處指通風不良阻止了有害的煙霧排出室外,因此畫線詞的詞義與airing相近,意為 “晾,晾曬,透風”。故選A項。

　　8.The author intends to tell people 　.?

　　A.how to avoid polluted air in their homes

　　B.to stop cooking in the household kitchen

　　C.to guard against household pollution from cooking

　　D.how to prevent childhood lung diseases in household

　　答案:C

　　解析:寫作意圖題。根據最后一段最后一句并結合上文內容可知,文章的主要目的是提醒我們提防家庭中來自烹飪的空氣污染。故選C項。

　　C

　　(2024·陜西質量檢測)

　　The current Toyota logo consists of three ovals(橢圓形):the two perpendicular(垂直的)ovals represent a relationship of trust between the customer and Toyota.These ovals combine to symbolize the letter “T”for Toyota.The space in the background implies a global expansion of Toyota’s technology and unlimited potential for the future.The first engine of Toyota Corporate was produced in 1934(The Type A).

　　The Hyundai Motor Company(HMC),formed in 1967,is a South Korean company manufacturing automobiles.Their automobiles are available in many countries around the globe.In 2003 it was South Korea’s largest car maker and the world’s seventh largest car maker.The Hyundai logo appears to be an H(symbolizing Hyundai).The oval shape indicates the company’s global expansion and the ‘H’ is symbolic of two people(specifically the company and customer) shaking hands.

　　The Rolls Royce logo consisting of the two Rs clearly stands for Rolls and Royce,the two founders of this car manufacturing company.

　　In 1884 Frederick Henry Royce started an electrical and mechanical business.He made his first car,a“Royce”,in his Manchester factory in 1904.He was introduced to Charles Stewart Rolls in a Manchester hotel on May 4 that year,and the pair agreed a deal where Royce would manufacture cars,to be sold by Rolls.A clause was added to the contract,saying the cars would be called “Rolls Royce”.

　　The Mercedes-Benz logo represents one of the most famous brands in the world.The Benz logo is a three-pointed star that represents its domination of the land,the sea,and the air.The famous three-pointed star was designed by Gottlieb Daimler to show the ability of his motors for land,air and sea usage.It was first seen on a Daimler in 1909,and was combined with the Benz laurel wreath(桂冠) in 1926 to symbolize the union of the two firms.

　　【語篇導讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了四款名車的商標含義及歷史,它們分別是豐田、現代、勞斯萊斯和奔馳。

　　9.Which of the following companies was founded by a car maker and a car seller?

　　A.Toyota. B.Hyundai.

　　C.Rolls Royce. D.Mercedes-Benz.

　　答案:C

　　解析:細節理解題。從第三、四段對勞斯萊斯商標的介紹可知,這兩個R代表兩個人,一個是制造商,一個是銷售商,故選C項。

　　10.The “H” in the Hyundai logo indicates 　.?

　　A.two people shaking hands

　　B.a global expansion of the company’s technology and potential

　　C.the company’s two founders

　　D.the ability of its motors for land,sea and air

　　答案:A

　　解析:細節理解題。從第二段最后一句可知,字符H象征的是兩個人(公司和顧客)在握手,因此選A項。

　　11.From the text we know that 　.?

　　A.Royce met Rolls before 1904

　　B.the ovals in the logos mean the same

　　C.Hyundai is the world’s seventh largest car maker now

　　D.the Mercedes-Benz was a combination of two firms

　　答案:D

　　解析:細節理解題。根據文章的最后一句可知,奔馳是由兩家公司聯營的。

　　12.According to the text,　 has the longest history of the four car companies.?

　　A.Hyundai B.Toyota

　　C.Rolls Royce D.Mercedes-Benz

　　答案:C

　　解析:細節理解題。從這四款汽車的介紹看,勞斯萊斯的商標在1904年就有了,其歷史最悠久,故選C項。

　　D

　　(2024·安徽馬鞍山第一次質檢)

　　We would like to wish all our readers a wonderful winter break.Our January magazine is now in the shops and available digitally.We’re looking forward to sharing more adventures and discoveries with you in 2024,including:

　　At a crossroads in the Atlantic

　　As the population of Ascension Island rises up to mark the 200th anniversary of British rule,Fred Pearce wonders what the future might have in store for this strange part of land.

　　Photostory:On the road again

　　A selection of images from an exhibition opening this month at the Royal Geographical Society go hand in hand with M. Aurel Stein’s early 20th century photographs of the Silk Road.

　　Dossier:Going underground

　　Mark Rowe discusses the role that carbon storage can play in the global effort to reduce carbon dioxide emission (排放).

　　Net loss

　　Kit Gillet reports from the Gulf of Thailand,whose fisheries (漁場) have been almost destroyed by the commercialization of the Thai fishing industry.

　　And don’t forget...

　　...a round-up of the latest geographical and climate science news;a hot spot focus on Turkey;advice on taking photographs in Antarctica;an interview with Lucien Castaing-Taylor,professor of visual arts at Harvard;plus lots,lots more...

　　Buy your copy now,click here and save up to 35% or call+44 (0)1635 588 496.Geographical is also available in WHSmith and many independent news agents.

　　13.Who took photos of the Silk Road?

　　A.M. Aurel Stein. B.Fred Pearce.

　　C.Mark Rowe. D.Lucien Castaing-Taylor.

　　答案:A

　　解析:細節理解題。根據Photostory:On the road again部分的敘述可知,拍攝絲綢之路的人應該是M. Aurel Stein,故A項為正確答案。

　　14.If you want to read something about global warming,you can read 　.?

　　A.At a crossroads in the Atlantic

　　B.Photostory:On the road again

　　C.Dossier:Going underground

　　D.Net loss

　　答案:C

　　解析:細節理解題。根據Dossier:Going underground部分的敘述可知,Mark Rowe討論“碳儲存”在減少二氧化碳排放的全球努力中所起的作用,故C項為正確答案。

　　15.Which of the following statements is TRUE?

　　A.Ascension Island has a bright future with more population.

　　B.Commercialization contributes to the loss of fishery in Thai.

　　C.The January edition of 2024 is to come out in the winter break.

　　D.The topics of this magazine focus on geography and interviews.

　　答案:B

　　解析:推理判斷題。根據Net loss部分的敘述可知,泰國的漁場幾乎被其漁業的商業化給完全破壞了,由此可得出B項為正確答案。

　　16.The passage is written to 　.?

　　A.share adventures and discoveries

　　B.give advice on taking photos

　　C.attract readers to buy the magazine

　　D.introduce the content of the magazine

　　答案:C

　　解析:寫作意圖題。由文章最后部分的敘述可知,這是一則廣告,寫作目的是吸引讀者購買這本雜志。故C項為正確答案。

　　E

　　Conflicts around the world are keeping tens of millions of young people from going to school.Many have physical or emotional injuries that make it hard or even impossible for them to learn.

　　In those thirty-five countries which are affected by conflicts,we find twenty-eight million children out of school.In some countries,it’s just that schools are not even accessible in conflict areas.The teachers aren’t there.The schools are sometimes even attacked.

　　The Geneva Conventions ban the attack on public places like schools and hospitals.In some cases,schools are attacked because they represent the government.In other cases,schools are targeted for religious or political reasons.For example,in Afghanistan,for example,some army groups do no like girls to go to school,so this might be a reason for their direct attack on girls’ schools.