閱讀理解精講精煉16

　　80.

　　Facial expressions carry meaning that is determined by situations and relationships. For example, in American culture (文化) the smile is in general an expression of pleasure. Yet it also has other uses. A woman's smile

　　at a police officer does not carry the same meaning as the smile she gives to a young child. A smile may show love or politeness. It can also hide true feelings. It often causes confusion(困惑) across cultures. For example, many people in Russia consider smiling at strangers in public to be unusual and even improper. Yet many Americans smile freely at strangers in public places(although this is less common in big cities). Some Russians believe that Americans smile in the wrong places; some Americans believe that Russians don't smile enough. In Southeast Asian cultures, a smile is frequently used to cover painful feelings. Vietnamese people may tell a sad story but end the story with a smile.

　　Our faces show emotions(情感), but we should not attempt to “read” people from another culture as we would “read” someone from our own culture. The fact that members of one culture do not express their emotions as openly as do members of another does not mean that they do not experience emotions. Rather, there are cultural differences in the amount of facial expressiveness permitted. For example, in public and in formal situations many Japanese do not show their emotions as freely as Americans do. When with friends, Japanese and Americans seem to show their emotions similarly.

　　It is difficult to generalize about Americans and facial expressiveness because of personal and cultural differences in the United States. People from certain cultural backgrounds in the United States seem to be more facially expressive than others. The key is to try not to judge people whose ways of showing emotion are different. If we judge according to our own cultural habits, we may make the mistake of “reading” the other person incorrectly.

　　49．What does the smile usually mean in the U．S.?

　　A．Love.

　　B．Politeness.

　　C．Joy.

　　D．Thankfulness.

　　50．The author mentions the smile of the Vietnamese to prove that a smile can ________.

　　A．show friendliness to strangers

　　B．be used to hide true feelings

　　C．be used in the wrong places

　　D．show personal habits

　　51．What should we do before attempting to “read” people?

　　A．Learn about their relations with others.

　　B．Understand their cultural backgrounds.

　　C．Find out about their past experience.

　　D．Figure out what they will do next.

　　52．What would be the best title for the text?

　　A．Cultural Differences

　　B．Smiles and Relationships

　　C．Facial Expressiveness

　　D．Habits and Emotions

　　【要點綜述】本文主要介紹了不同的文化背景下，不同國家的人們在運用面部表情的時候也有著很大的差異，因此，我們在判斷他人面部表情的含義的時候，不要以自己的文化背景為根據(jù)，這樣會做出錯誤的判斷。

　　49. C　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段的“For example, in American culture (文化) the smile is in general an expression of pleasure.”可知在美國，微笑一般表示的是“高興”的意思。A項表示“愛”；B項“有禮貌”，是一些特殊情況下的含義；D項表示“感謝”，沒有這個信息。

　　50. B　推理判斷題。結合第一段的最后一句話“Vietnamese people may tell a sad story but end the story with a smile.” 提到了越南人以微笑來結束一個悲傷的故事，是掩飾真實情感的例子，故選B。A項“對陌生人友好”，是美國人的做法；C項“微笑會在錯誤的地方使用”；D項表示“個人的習慣”；均與原文信息不符。

　　51. B　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段的最后一句話“If we judge according to our own cultural habits, we may make the mistake of ‘reading’ the other person incorrectly.”可知在理解他人的面部表情的時候，首先要懂得他們的文化背景，不能以自己的文化來理解他人的面部表情。A“了解與他人的關系”；C“找出他們過去的經(jīng)歷”；D“預測他們下一步將做什么”；均與原文信息不符。

　　52. C　標題歸納題。本文主要介紹了在不同的文化背景下，人們的面部表情傳達的意思不同，以美國人和世界各地其他不同國家的人們在面部表情表達方式的不同為例，說明了我們在理解他人表情的時候，不要以自己的文化背景為基礎，因此選C。A“文化差別”；B“微笑與關系”；D“習慣與感情”；均不是文章的主題。

　　If Confucius(孔子)were still alive today and could celebrate his September 28 birthday with a big cake, there would be a lot of candles. He'd need a fan or a strong wind to help him put them out.

　　While many people in China will remember Confucius on his special day, few people in the United States will give him a passing thought. It's nothing personal. Most Americans don't even remember the birthdays of their own national heroes.

　　But this doesn't mean that Americans don't care about Confucius. In many ways he has become a bridge that foreigners must cross if they want to reach a deeper understanding of China.

　　In the past two decades, the Chinese studies programs have gained huge popularity in Western universities. More recently, the Chinese government has set up Confucius Institutes in more than 80 countries. These schools teach both Chinese language and culture. The main courses of Chinese culture usually include Chinese art, history and philosophy(哲學)．Some social scientists suggest that Westerners should take advantage of the ancient Chinese wisdom to make up for the drawbacks of Western philosophy. Students in the United States, at the same time, are racing to learn Chinese. So they will be ready for life in a world where China is an equal power with the United States. Businessmen who hope to make money in China are reading books about Confucius to understand their Chinese customers.

　　So the old thinker's ideas are still alive and well.

　　Today China attracts the West more than ever, and it will need more teachers to introduce Confucius and Chinese culture to the West.

　　As for the old thinker, he will not soon be forgotten by people in the West, even if his birthday is.

　　64．The opening paragraph is mainly intended to ________.

　　A．provide some key facts about Confucius

　　B．a(chǎn)ttract the readers' interest in the subject

　　C．show great respect for the ancient thinker

　　D．prove the popularity of modern birthday celebrations

　　65．We can learn from Paragraph 4 that American students ________.

　　A．have a great interest in studying Chinese

　　B．take an active part in Chinese competitions

　　C．try to get high scores in Chinese exams

　　D．fight for a chance to learn Chinese

　　66．What is the best title for the passage?

　　A．Forgotten Wisdom in America

　　B．Huge Fans of the Chinese Language

　　C．Chinese Culture for Westerners

　　D．Old Thinker with a Big Future

　　67．The passage is likely to appear in ________.

　　A．a(chǎn) biography

　　B．a(chǎn) history paper

　　C．a(chǎn) newspaper

　　D．a(chǎn) philosophy textbook

　　【要點綜述】盡管東西方紀念孔子的方式不同，孔子在西方仍受到推崇。世界各地的孔子學院受到了西方人的歡迎。這成為了解中國文化的橋梁。

　　64. B　寫作意圖題。作者開篇提出，如果孔子活到今天，按照西方點蠟燭慶祝他的生日，吹蠟燭是一件麻煩的事情。作者以這個作為開場白，目的是吸引讀者。C有一定的干擾性。作者在后面講述了西方人不會這么做，這并不代表他們不尊重孔子，由此我們排除C。

　　65. A　推理判斷題。第四段的第一句就是本段的主旨句。這一段講述了孔子文化在西方的受歡迎程度，因此我們可以得出答案。

　　66. D　主旨大意題。全文講述了孔子學院在西方的受歡迎程度。它架起了東方文化向西方輸送的橋梁，因此是古老的思想家與未來的結合。C有一定的干擾性。本文介紹了孔子思想在西方國家的傳播，因此C的范圍過大。

　　67. C　文章出處題。本文介紹了孔子學院在西方的盛行，因此屬于報道類文章，應該是在報紙里出現(xiàn)。

　　82.

　　Grown-ups are often surprised by how well they remember something they learned as children but have never practiced ever since. A man who has not had a chance to go swimming for years can still swim as well as ever when he gets back in the water. He can get on a bicycle after many years and still ride away. He can play catch and hit a ball as well as his son. A mother who has not thought about the words for years can teach her daughter the poem that begins “Twinkle, twinkle, little star” or remember the story of Cinderella or Goldilocks and the Three Bears.

　　One explanation is the law of overlearning, which can be stated as follows: Once we have learned something, additional learning trials increase the length of time we will remember it.

　　In childhood we usually continue to practice such skills as swimming, bicycle riding, and playing baseball long after we have learned them. We continue to listen to and remind ourselves of words such as “Twinkle, twinkle, little star” and childhood tales such as Cinderella and Goldilocks. We not only learn but overlearn.

　　The multiplication tables (乘法口訣表) are an exception to the general rule that we forget rather quickly the things that we learn in school, because they are another of the things we overlearn in childhood.

　　The law of overlearning explains why cramming (突擊學習) for an examination, though it may result in a passing grade, is not a satisfactory way to learn a college course. By cramming, a student may learn the subject well enough to get by on the examination, but he is likely soon to forget almost everything he learned. A little overlearning, on the other hand, is really necessary for one's future development.

　　67．What is the main idea of Paragraph 1?

　　A．People remember well what they learned in childhood.

　　B．Children have a better memory than grown-ups.

　　C．Poem reading is a good way to learn words.

　　D．Stories for children are easy to remember.

　　68．The author explains the law of overlearning by________.

　　A．presenting research findings

　　B．setting down general rules

　　C．making a comparison

　　D．using examples

　　69．According to the author, being able to use multiplication tables is ________.

　　A．a(chǎn) result of overlearning

　　B．a(chǎn) special case of cramming

　　C．a(chǎn) skill to deal with math problems

　　D．a(chǎn) basic step towards advanced studies

　　70．What is the author's opinion on cramming?

　　A．It leads to failure in college exams.

　　B．It's helpful only in a limited way.

　　C．It's possible to result in poor memory.

　　D．It increases students' learning interest.

　　【要點綜述】本文是一篇議論文。成年人常常驚嘆他們能很好地記著兒時學過的東西。作者認為這是兒時過度學習的結果，是因為當我們兒時學會一樣東西的時候，我們不是就此停止，而是繼續(xù)練習，才使我們記憶深刻。文章用例證法說明了“過度學習”的概念。 最后作者談到了“過度學習”的好處和“突擊學習”的弊端。

　　67. A　段落大意題。根據(jù)文章第一段中的“Grown-ups are often surprised by how well they remember something they learned as children but have never practiced ever since.”可知，文章講的是成年人常常驚嘆他們非常好地記著兒時學過的東西。C、D斷章取義，講得太具體，B項錯誤，因為那是過度學習的結果，不是兒時記憶力好。所以A正確。

　　68. D　推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章的內(nèi)容可知：作者采用了舉例子的說明方法。比如：“practice such skills as swimming, bicycle riding, and playing baseball long after we have learned them.”和“…they [the multiplication tables(乘法口訣表)] are another of the things we overlearn in childhood.”

　　69. A　推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章的第四段“because they are another of the things we overlearn in childhood.”可知，乘法口訣仍然是兒時過度學習的結果。所以選A。

　　70. B　推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段中的“By cramming, a student may learn the subject well enough to get by on the examination, but he is likely soon to forget almost everything he learned.”可知，突擊學習只在有限的方面有幫助。所以B正確。

　　82.

　　blue necklace hoping to protect themselves against evils(災禍)．

　　People's choice of colors is also influenced by their bodies' reactions (反應)toward them. Green is said to be the most restful color. It has the ability to reduce pain and relax people both mentally and physically. People who work in green environments have been found to have fewer stomach aches.

　　Red can cause a person's blood pressure to rise and increase people's appetites(食欲). Many decorators will include different shades of red in the restaurant. Similarly, many commercial websites will have a red “Buy Now” button because red is a color that easily catches a person's eye.

　　Blue is another calming color. Unlike red, blue can cause people to lose appetite. So if you want to eat less, some suggest that eating from blue plates can help.

　　The next time you are deciding on what to wear or what color to decorate your room, think about the color carefully.

　　60. Muslims regard green as a symbol of heaven mainly because of their ________.

　　A. cultural values

　　B. commercial purposes

　　C. personal experiences

　　D. physical reactions to the color

　　61. Why will many commercial websites have a red “Buy Now” button?

　　A. To relax people physically.

　　B. To increase people's appetites.

　　C. To encourage people to make a purchase.

　　D. To cause a person's blood pressure to rise.

　　62. What color might help lose weight according to the text?

　　A. Red.

　　B. Green.

　　C. Blue.

　　D. Purple.

　　63. Which of the following would be the most proper title for the text?

　　A. Colors and Human Beings

　　B. The Cultural Meaning of Color

　　C. Colors and Personal Experiences

　　D. The Meaning and Function of Color

　　【要點綜述】本文主要講顏色在不同的國家中代表不同含義以及在日常生活中的不同功能。

　　60. A　細節(jié)推斷題。根據(jù)第二段中The answer depends largely on cultural values as well as personal experiences.可知顏色和文化價值以及個人經(jīng)歷有關。再根據(jù)…for Muslims, it means heaven.可判斷應該是文化價值而不是個人經(jīng)歷。

　　61. C　細節(jié)推斷題。根據(jù)第四段中…because red is a color that easily catches a person's eye可知紅色容易吸引眼球，意思是鼓勵別人購買。

　　62. C　細節(jié)推斷題。根據(jù)第五段中blue can cause people to lose appetite. So if you want to eat less, some suggest that eating from blue plates can help.可判斷選C。

　　63. D　主旨大意題。本文主要講顏色的不同意義和功能，所以可判斷選D。

　　83.

　　There is no better way to enjoy Scottish traditions than going fishing and tasting a little bit of whisky(威士忌) at a quiet place like the Inverlochy Castle. When Queen Victoria visited the castle in 1873 she wrote in her diary, “I never saw a lovelier spot. ” And she didn't even go fishing.

　　Scotland is not easily defined.

　　In certain moments, this quiet land of lakes and grasses and mountains changes before your very eyes. When evening gently sweeps the hillside into orange light, the rivers, teeming with fish, can turn into streams of gold.

　　As you settle down with just a fishing pole and a basket on the bank of River Orchy, near the Inverlochy Castle, any frustration(煩惱) will float away as gently as the circling water. It's just you and purple, pink, white flowers，seeking a perfect harmony. If you are a new comer to fishing, learning the basics from a fishing guide may leave you with a lifetime's fun. For many, fishing is more than a sport; it is an art.