高中英語語法-條件狀語面面觀(一)之一
條件狀語面面觀(一)之一
條件狀語大致有以下幾種表示法:
1. 用從屬連詞引導(dǎo)狀語從句,表示條件。
?。?1 ) if 意為如果,是最普通的從屬連詞之一,表示條件。 if 引導(dǎo)的從句中可以用陳述語氣,也可以用虛擬語氣。例如:
If you are tired,we will go straight home.
如果你累了,咱們就立刻回家吧。
If winter comes,can spring be far behind?
?。ㄈ绻┒靵砹?,春天還會遠(yuǎn)嗎?
If Columbus had not discovered America,somebody else would have discovered it.
如果哥倫布沒有發(fā)現(xiàn)美洲,別人也會發(fā)現(xiàn)的。
If the sea were to rise 500 feet,India would become an island.
如果海洋水面上升 500 英尺,印度就將變?yōu)橐粋€孤島了。
If it should rain tomorrow,the crops would be saved.
如果明天下雨,莊稼就得救了。
?。?2 )從屬連詞 unless 意為如果不,除非,含否定意義,相當(dāng)于 if not .例如:
We are leaving now unless you want us to wait for you.
如果你不要我們等你,那我們現(xiàn)在就走。
As we know now, heavy objects and light objects fall at the same speed unless air holds them back.
現(xiàn)在我們都知道,如果沒有空氣的阻力,重的物體和輕的物體垂直下落的速度是一樣的。
?。?3 )從屬連詞 once 意為一旦,強(qiáng)調(diào)的是條件。 once 引導(dǎo)的從句可以位于句首,也可以位于句末。例如:
Once the masses have a common aim, they will work with one heart.
一旦群眾有了共同的目標(biāo),他們就會齊心工作。
Once you show any sign of fear, he will attack you.
你一旦露出任何恐懼的跡象,他就會攻擊你。
China will shake the world once it awakens.
中國一旦覺醒,它就會振撼整個世界。
?。?4 ) so long as 和 as long as 是復(fù)合連詞,作只要解,引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句,強(qiáng)調(diào)主句所述的情況和從句所述的情況同時并存。在表示條件時,前者比后者更常用。例如:
We shall overcome the difficulties so long as we follow the Partys correct policy.
只要我們執(zhí)行黨的正確政策,我們就能克服困難。
Rice will grow well so long as it is given enough sunlight and a good supply of water and fertilizer.
只要能得到充足的陽光、水和肥料,水稻就能長得很好。
Under the leadership of the Communist Party, as long as there are people, every kind of miracle can be performed.
在共產(chǎn)黨的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下,只要有了人,什么人間奇跡都可以創(chuàng)造出來。
As long as we have a strong determination to serve the people heart and soul, everywhere we see occasions for doing so.
只要有一顆全心全意為人民服務(wù)的心,到處都有為人民服務(wù)的機(jī)會。
( 5 ) suppose, supposing 或 lets suppose 都相當(dāng)于一個從屬連詞,表示一種設(shè)想的情況,意為假如。由它們引導(dǎo)的狀語從句多與疑問形式的主句搭配。例如:
Suppose he is absent, what shall we do?
假如他不在,我們怎么辦?
Supposing the plane does not arrive on time, what shall I do?
假如飛機(jī)不能準(zhǔn)時到達(dá),我該怎么辦呢?
Lets suppose that we had not helped him, what would have happened?
假如我們沒有幫助他,會發(fā)生什么情況呢?
?。?6 ) on condition that 是復(fù)合連詞,意為條件是,暗含某種特定的條件意義。例如:
She will join us on condition that you also be there.
她和我們一起去,條件是你也將在場。
He said that he would come to the meeting on condition that no one asked him to speak.
他說他將出席這個會議,條件是不要讓他發(fā)言。
?。?7 ) in case 相當(dāng)于從屬連詞,意為如果,假如,免得,以防(萬一),引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句。例如:
In case it pours, do not expect me.
如果大雨傾盆,就不要指望我來了。
In case he arrives before I get back, please ask him to wait.
如果在我回來以前他來到,請他等我一下。
Send me a message, in case you have any difficulty.
萬一有什么困難,請給我捎個信來。
?。?8 ) if only 意為但愿,要是就好了,引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句。這樣的條件通常是虛擬的,用來表示說話人對某事物寄予的強(qiáng)烈愿望。這樣的從句通常沒有相應(yīng)的主句與之搭配。例如:
If only he were alive! 要是他活著該多好呀!
If only Tome knew about it!
但愿湯姆知道那件事!
If only I had arrived on time!
我那時要是能按時到達(dá)就好了!
2. 介詞短語或復(fù)合介詞短語通常也可以作狀語,表示可能實現(xiàn)的條件。
可以這樣用的介詞或復(fù)合介詞通常有:with , without , in case of , in the event of , but for 等。這時句子的謂語動詞中通常含有 can , will , could , would 等情態(tài)動詞。例如:
With such knowledge and experience, he is sure to succeed.
有了這樣的知識和經(jīng)驗,他一定會成功。
With nothing taken home, the man hesitated to explain the matter to his wife.
如果沒有東西帶回家,對妻子是不是解釋這件事,那個人拿不定主意。
Without water, nothing could live.
沒有水,什么也活不了。
Without the leadership of the Communist Party of China, there would be no new China.
沒有中國共產(chǎn)黨,就沒有新中國。
In case of my absence, who will take my place?
萬一我不能來,誰來頂替我呢?
In case of any difficulty, you must consult with the masses.
如果碰到困難,你應(yīng)當(dāng)和群眾商量。
In the event of her going to Shanghai, her children will be put under my care.
假如她到上海去,她的孩子將交給我照看。
But for his uncles help, Jack would not have finished his college education in time.
要沒有他叔叔的幫助,杰克是不會及時完成大學(xué)學(xué)業(yè)的。
3. 用分詞結(jié)構(gòu)作狀語,表示可能實現(xiàn)的條件。例如:
Combining two atoms of hydrogen with one of oxygen, you will get a molecule of water.
如果兩個氫原子與一個氧原子結(jié)合,就可以得到一個水分子。
Given (= If we were given ) more time, we could do it better.
如果多給我們一些時間,我們就能把這件事做得更好。
Given the lengths of the two sides of a right-angled triangle, we can find out the length of a third side.
要是知道直角三角形兩個邊的長度,我們就能求出第三邊的長度。
Compared with China, the United States is a young cou
條件狀語面面觀(一)之一
條件狀語大致有以下幾種表示法:
1. 用從屬連詞引導(dǎo)狀語從句,表示條件。
( 1 ) if 意為如果,是最普通的從屬連詞之一,表示條件。 if 引導(dǎo)的從句中可以用陳述語氣,也可以用虛擬語氣。例如:
If you are tired,we will go straight home.
如果你累了,咱們就立刻回家吧。
If winter comes,can spring be far behind?
(如果)冬天來了,春天還會遠(yuǎn)嗎?
If Columbus had not discovered America,somebody else would have discovered it.
如果哥倫布沒有發(fā)現(xiàn)美洲,別人也會發(fā)現(xiàn)的。
If the sea were to rise 500 feet,India would become an island.
如果海洋水面上升 500 英尺,印度就將變?yōu)橐粋€孤島了。
If it should rain tomorrow,the crops would be saved.
如果明天下雨,莊稼就得救了。
?。?2 )從屬連詞 unless 意為如果不,除非,含否定意義,相當(dāng)于 if not .例如:
We are leaving now unless you want us to wait for you.
如果你不要我們等你,那我們現(xiàn)在就走。
As we know now, heavy objects and light objects fall at the same speed unless air holds them back.
現(xiàn)在我們都知道,如果沒有空氣的阻力,重的物體和輕的物體垂直下落的速度是一樣的。
?。?3 )從屬連詞 once 意為一旦,強(qiáng)調(diào)的是條件。 once 引導(dǎo)的從句可以位于句首,也可以位于句末。例如:
Once the masses have a common aim, they will work with one heart.
一旦群眾有了共同的目標(biāo),他們就會齊心工作。
Once you show any sign of fear, he will attack you.
你一旦露出任何恐懼的跡象,他就會攻擊你。
China will shake the world once it awakens.
中國一旦覺醒,它就會振撼整個世界。
( 4 ) so long as 和 as long as 是復(fù)合連詞,作只要解,引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句,強(qiáng)調(diào)主句所述的情況和從句所述的情況同時并存。在表示條件時,前者比后者更常用。例如:
We shall overcome the difficulties so long as we follow the Partys correct policy.
只要我們執(zhí)行黨的正確政策,我們就能克服困難。
Rice will grow well so long as it is given enough sunlight and a good supply of water and fertilizer.
只要能得到充足的陽光、水和肥料,水稻就能長得很好。
Under the leadership of the Communist Party, as long as there are people, every kind of miracle can be performed.
在共產(chǎn)黨的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下,只要有了人,什么人間奇跡都可以創(chuàng)造出來。
As long as we have a strong determination to serve the people heart and soul, everywhere we see occasions for doing so.
只要有一顆全心全意為人民服務(wù)的心,到處都有為人民服務(wù)的機(jī)會。
?。?5 ) suppose, supposing 或 lets suppose 都相當(dāng)于一個從屬連詞,表示一種設(shè)想的情況,意為假如。由它們引導(dǎo)的狀語從句多與疑問形式的主句搭配。例如:
Suppose he is absent, what shall we do?
假如他不在,我們怎么辦?
Supposing the plane does not arrive on time, what shall I do?
假如飛機(jī)不能準(zhǔn)時到達(dá),我該怎么辦呢?
Lets suppose that we had not helped him, what would have happened?
假如我們沒有幫助他,會發(fā)生什么情況呢?
( 6 ) on condition that 是復(fù)合連詞,意為條件是,暗含某種特定的條件意義。例如:
She will join us on condition that you also be there.
她和我們一起去,條件是你也將在場。
He said that he would come to the meeting on condition that no one asked him to speak.
他說他將出席這個會議,條件是不要讓他發(fā)言。
( 7 ) in case 相當(dāng)于從屬連詞,意為如果,假如,免得,以防(萬一),引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句。例如:
In case it pours, do not expect me.
如果大雨傾盆,就不要指望我來了。
In case he arrives before I get back, please ask him to wait.
如果在我回來以前他來到,請他等我一下。
Send me a message, in case you have any difficulty.
萬一有什么困難,請給我捎個信來。
?。?8 ) if only 意為但愿,要是就好了,引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句。這樣的條件通常是虛擬的,用來表示說話人對某事物寄予的強(qiáng)烈愿望。這樣的從句通常沒有相應(yīng)的主句與之搭配。例如:
If only he were alive! 要是他活著該多好呀!
If only Tome knew about it!
但愿湯姆知道那件事!
If only I had arrived on time!
我那時要是能按時到達(dá)就好了!
2. 介詞短語或復(fù)合介詞短語通常也可以作狀語,表示可能實現(xiàn)的條件。
可以這樣用的介詞或復(fù)合介詞通常有:with , without , in case of , in the event of , but for 等。這時句子的謂語動詞中通常含有 can , will , could , would 等情態(tài)動詞。例如:
With such knowledge and experience, he is sure to succeed.
有了這樣的知識和經(jīng)驗,他一定會成功。
With nothing taken home, the man hesitated to explain the matter to his wife.
如果沒有東西帶回家,對妻子是不是解釋這件事,那個人拿不定主意。
Without water, nothing could live.
沒有水,什么也活不了。
Without the leadership of the Communist Party of China, there would be no new China.
沒有中國共產(chǎn)黨,就沒有新中國。
In case of my absence, who will take my place?
萬一我不能來,誰來頂替我呢?
In case of any difficulty, you must consult with the masses.
如果碰到困難,你應(yīng)當(dāng)和群眾商量。
In the event of her going to Shanghai, her children will be put under my care.
假如她到上海去,她的孩子將交給我照看。
But for his uncles help, Jack would not have finished his college education in time.
要沒有他叔叔的幫助,杰克是不會及時完成大學(xué)學(xué)業(yè)的。
3. 用分詞結(jié)構(gòu)作狀語,表示可能實現(xiàn)的條件。例如:
Combining two atoms of hydrogen with one of oxygen, you will get a molecule of water.
如果兩個氫原子與一個氧原子結(jié)合,就可以得到一個水分子。
Given (= If we were given ) more time, we could do it better.
如果多給我們一些時間,我們就能把這件事做得更好。
Given the lengths of the two sides of a right-angled triangle, we can find out the length of a third side.
要是知道直角三角形兩個邊的長度,我們就能求出第三邊的長度。
Compared with China, the United States is a young cou