英語講義【44】合成動詞
在英語的合成詞（compound words）中，合成動詞（compound verbs）的數(shù)目較少，主要有下面三種類別：
㈠副詞+動詞，如 outdo, overcome, undermine, upset, cross-question, withhold, backbite 等。
㈡名詞+動詞，如 sunbathe, sidetrack, typewrite, house-hunt, browbeat, hoodwink, waylay 等。
㈢形容詞+動詞，如 whitewash, safeguard, shortlist, blackmail 等。
這三類合成動詞中，以第一種最為豐富，特別是那些由over, under, out引導(dǎo)的，更顯得多彩多姿。
由 over 引導(dǎo)的合成動詞含有太多、過多的意思，如： overact, overburden, overcharge, overdo, overdress, overeat, overestimate, overpower, overpraise, overproduce, overprotect, overrule, oversleep, overspend, overstate, overstay, overwork 等。
由 under 引導(dǎo)的合成動詞含 有太少、不足的意思，如： undercharge, underpay, underrate, understate, undervalue, underwork 等。
由 out 引導(dǎo)的合成動詞則含有超過、勝過之意，如： outdo, outgrow, outlive, outnumber, outside, outrank, outshine, outstay, outstrip, outweigh, outwit 等。
現(xiàn)在舉些句子示范：
① The food cost $3, but he was overcharged by 50 cents.
② Some romantic scenes in our TV shows were overdone.
③ Dont overstate your predicament or people will not believe you.
④ Some reporters understated the seriousness of the regional financial turmoil.
⑤ The staff of the company felt that their contribution had been undervalued.
⑥ Chinese swimmers outdid their opponents.
⑦ This type of computer has outlived its usefulness.
⑧ The advantages of the new salary scheme far outweigh its disadvantages.
最后，必須注意的是：不是凡是over 就是過多、太多 ，凡是under就是太少、不足或凡是out就是超過、勝過。反之，有些合成動詞根本和這幾個(gè)副詞的意思風(fēng)馬牛不相及。例如：
● overhear（無意中聽到）
● overlook（俯視、疏忽、忽略）
● oversee（監(jiān)督）
● overshadow（使暗然失色）
● overthrow（推翻）
● overturn（使翻覆）
● undergo（經(jīng)歷、遭受）
● underline（在劃線、強(qiáng)調(diào)）
● undermine（破壞）
● underpin（加強(qiáng)、鞏固）
● understand（理解）
● understudy（充當(dāng)替手）
● undertake（擔(dān)任、著手）
● outline（略述）
● outrage（虐待，侵害）
● outspread（伸展）
在英語的合成詞（compound words）中，合成動詞（compound verbs）的數(shù)目較少，主要有下面三種類別：
㈠副詞+動詞，如 outdo, overcome, undermine, upset, cross-question, withhold, backbite 等。
㈡名詞+動詞，如 sunbathe, sidetrack, typewrite, house-hunt, browbeat, hoodwink, waylay 等。
㈢形容詞+動詞，如 whitewash, safeguard, shortlist, blackmail 等。
這三類合成動詞中，以第一種最為豐富，特別是那些由over, under, out引導(dǎo)的，更顯得多彩多姿。
由 over 引導(dǎo)的合成動詞含有太多、過多的意思，如： overact, overburden, overcharge, overdo, overdress, overeat, overestimate, overpower, overpraise, overproduce, overprotect, overrule, oversleep, overspend, overstate, overstay, overwork 等。
由 under 引導(dǎo)的合成動詞含 有太少、不足的意思，如： undercharge, underpay, underrate, understate, undervalue, underwork 等。
由 out 引導(dǎo)的合成動詞則含有超過、勝過之意，如： outdo, outgrow, outlive, outnumber, outside, outrank, outshine, outstay, outstrip, outweigh, outwit 等。
現(xiàn)在舉些句子示范：
① The food cost $3, but he was overcharged by 50 cents.
② Some romantic scenes in our TV shows were overdone.
③ Dont overstate your predicament or people will not believe you.
④ Some reporters understated the seriousness of the regional financial turmoil.
⑤ The staff of the company felt that their contribution had been undervalued.
⑥ Chinese swimmers outdid their opponents.
⑦ This type of computer has outlived its usefulness.
⑧ The advantages of the new salary scheme far outweigh its disadvantages.
最后，必須注意的是：不是凡是over 就是過多、太多 ，凡是under就是太少、不足或凡是out就是超過、勝過。反之，有些合成動詞根本和這幾個(gè)副詞的意思風(fēng)馬牛不相及。例如：
● overhear（無意中聽到）
● overlook（俯視、疏忽、忽略）
● oversee（監(jiān)督）
● overshadow（使暗然失色）
● overthrow（推翻）
● overturn（使翻覆）
● undergo（經(jīng)歷、遭受）
● underline（在劃線、強(qiáng)調(diào)）
● undermine（破壞）
● underpin（加強(qiáng)、鞏固）
● understand（理解）
● understudy（充當(dāng)替手）
● undertake（擔(dān)任、著手）
● outline（略述）
● outrage（虐待，侵害）
● outspread（伸展）
